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1.
渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组的古水体特征研究程度较低。以南堡凹陷南部为例,采用多种方法,分析了沙河街组一段沉积时期水体的古盐度和古水深。根据Sr/Ba值、Rb/K值和特殊藻类化石,认为其古盐度为微咸—半咸。通过Sr/Cu值和孢粉化石2种手段,恢复了研究区沙河街组一段沉积时期的古气候,认为其为潮湿气候但存在干湿波动。根据Mn/Fe值变化、干酪根类型和藻类化石以及似瘤田螺的发现,恢复了该时期的相对古水深,并结合自生黏土矿物、沉积构造和沉积相等,通过加权平均值的方法定量计算古水深,得出研究区沙一段中亚段顶部沉积时期水体较浅,为4~15,m,而沙一段下亚段沉积时期水体较深,为4~30,m。综合分析认为,南堡凹陷南部沙河街组一段沉积时期的古盐度和古水深在一定程度上取决于古气候条件和古地形背景。 相似文献
2.
The Namurian black shales studied have a good palaeontological control. Pyrite, illite and organic matter are higher in the marine shales, and siderite and kaolinite are higher in the non-marine shales. The distribution of the diagenetic iron minerals is attributed to anionic activities controlled by salinity. The same control could account for the observed clay-mineral distribution by differential flocculation. The major element geochemistry closely reflects the above mineral variation. Mn and Zr are higher in the non-marine shales due to siderite and zircon respectively. Co, Cr, Rb, Y and Ba are not significantly different and a detrital source, mainly clay minerals, is suggested. In the marine shales the elements Pb, Cu, V, Ni, Sr and Zn are significantly higher. Using a discriminant function analysis the palaeosalinity groups are separated and the contribution of each element to the separation is calculated. The present element locations are thought, from correlation analysis, to be pyrite and organic matter. By analogy with experimental work and modern environments, the element enrichment is mainly attributed to reactions involving organic matter and oxyhydroxide material in environments in which salinity and slow rates of sedimentation were important factors. The element enrichment cannot be related directly to seawater concentrations, unlike some black shales, and the accumulation rates for Pb and Cu are thought to be unusually high. 相似文献
3.
渝东南地区黑色页岩中粘土矿物特征兼论其对储层物性的影响——以彭水县鹿角剖面为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索渝东南地区下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩中粘土矿物特征及其与储层物性的关系,在综合前人对含油气盆地粘土矿物分析的基础上,以重庆市彭水县鹿角剖面为例,深入分析了鹿角剖面黑色页岩粘土矿物组合与分布特征、粘土矿物的形成机理及其控制因素以及粘土矿物对孔隙度和渗透率的影响。结果表明,一方面根据古盐度的计算,龙马溪组上部古水介质含盐度较低,下部较高,具有上淡下咸的特点;另一方面该套黑色页岩属于晚成岩阶段B期。储层中粘土矿物的类型、数量及其分布特征等对储层孔渗条件具有一定的控制作用。伊利石(含伊/蒙有序混层矿物)含量与孔隙度有弱正相关关系,与渗透率呈负相关关系,原因可能是成岩伊利石不断生长,一方面由于其体积减小使得显微孔隙体积有所增加,但另一方面,由于自生伊利石晶体细小,使得页岩粒间孔隙遭到不同程度的破坏,致使平均孔隙半径变小,渗透率变差。绿泥石含量与孔隙度呈现微弱的正相关关系,而与渗透率呈现较好的正相关关系。这是由于成岩绿泥石主要来源于长石溶解或蚀变形成的高岭石的转化,因此,绿泥石与孔隙度和渗透率的关系可能反映其与页岩中长石矿物的含量有关。 相似文献
4.
Zr/Rb ratio in the Chinese loess sequences and its implication for changes in the East Asian winter monsoon strength 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The long-term dust accumulation sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) provide a valuable opportunity to study the evolution of East Asian winter monsoon strength. Grain size of bulk samples of loess deposits, though widely used, is a modified measure of the strength of winter monsoon wind due to modification by post-depositional weathering and pedogenesis. This study proposes a new and reliable geochemical climate proxy that records the variability of the East Asian winter monsoon on the CLP. Six loess-paleosol sections on the Plateau were selected for measuring concentrations of the trace elements Zr and Rb as well as grain size. Variations of the Zr/Rb ratio in all the sections encompassing the last 130 ka display a generally similar pattern to that of mean grain size of bulk samples (MGSB). Though a positive correlation exists between the Zr/Rb ratio and MGSB, the correlation coefficient decreases in southern and eastern sections where intense pedogenesis occurred in the relatively warm and humid climates. Long-term Zr/Rb variation in the Lingtai section exhibits amplitudes and frequencies similar to those in MGSB and the mean grain size of quartz particles (MGSQ, accepted as a more reliable proxy than MGSB) in the upper loess-paleosol sequence over the past 2.6 Ma. However, for the underlying Red Clay formation, in the interval from about 7-2.6 Ma B.P., the MGSB record is relatively stable, whereas both the Zr/Rb ratio and MGSQ show distinct variability and display amplitudes similar to those observed in the overlying loess-paleosol sequence. These results demonstrate that the Zr/Rb ratio reflects original eolian grain size and may serve as a reliable index of the strength of East Asian winter monsoon winds. 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对塔里木盆地巴楚、塔中、塔河地区井下及巴楚小海子露头、阿克苏四石厂露头的石炭系泥岩中黏土矿物、微量和常量元素的测定,利用Adams和Couch古盐度计算公式、Walker相当硼判定法及锶钡比值法定量—半定量地分析了该区石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度特征,结果表明古盐度在4.7‰~33.9‰,大部分为半咸水沉积,其次为淡水—微咸水沉积,个别为咸水沉积;且古盐度变化明显,平面上巴楚组泥岩段泥岩总体具有从塔东北向塔西南古盐度变大的趋势;卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段泥岩在塔中古盐度最小,塔西南最大,塔北居中。由于沉积物中泥岩沉积时的古盐度特征是沉积环境的判别标志之一,因此它对有争议的卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段及巴楚组角砾岩段沉积环境的判定提供了沉积水体性质方面的依据。石炭系泥岩沉积时的古盐度与该时期海平面升降及沉积相演化有关,该泥岩形成于石炭纪海平面相对下降或上升缓慢、古盐度相对较低的沉积环境。 相似文献
6.
通过剖面上样品的无机地球化学元素分析,对始新统计军屯组微量元素特征进行了研究,并据此探讨了计军屯组油页岩的有利成矿条件。计军屯组贫矿段和富矿段Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ba、B/Ga的平均值分别为2.30、0.63、0.20、1.07和3.41、0.43、0.34、1.50,结合元素Rb、Sr、Cu、Ba、Ga、B的质量分数,揭示了计军屯组形成于温暖湿润气候和淡水沉积环境;西露天组Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ba、B/Ga的平均值分别为24.63、0.14、1.25、3.90,结合元素Rb、Sr、Cu、Ba、Ga、B的质量分数,揭示了西露天组形成于干旱炎热气候和半咸水—咸水环境。古气候和古盐度的元素地球化学参数Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba的相关关系以及西露天组碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素的相关关系,指示了研究区计军屯组富矿段和西露天组沉积时古气候是湖泊古盐度的主要控制因素,并且古湖泊较为封闭。研究区计军屯组高品质油页岩形成于温暖湿润气候和淡水沉积环境。温暖湿润气候和封闭型古湖泊可能是形成研究区高品位油页岩的有利条件。 相似文献
7.
可尔因地区是松潘?甘孜成矿带的大型稀有金属矿集区之一,围绕可尔因岩体分布了大量花岗伟晶岩脉,如何在数百平方千米伟晶岩田中定位稀有金属矿脉一直是该区伟晶岩型锂稀有金属矿找矿难点之一。通过对可尔因岩体二云母花岗岩、伟晶相微斜钠长花岗岩、不同类型伟晶岩及典型矿床开展系统的岩石地球化学分析,总结了可尔因地区伟晶岩地球化学元素空间分布和变化规律,提出了寻找锂矿的特征元素指标、指示指标和品位指标等地球化学指标。特征元素指标包括Li、B、Sn、Rb、Be、Nb、Ta等元素;平面指示指标包括Cs、Tl、F、Zr、Y、ΣREE等元素及TiO2/Ta、Zr/Hf、Ta/Zr、Nb/Ta、K/Na等值;垂向指示指标包括B、U、Zr、Be、Sn、Rb、Sr、Ba、Tl、In等元素。通过特征元素指标及指示指标的值和变化规律,可辅助定位稀有金属矿化伟晶岩位置,指示矿体深部延伸情况。品位指标主要包括铝饱和指数（A/CNK、A/NK）、里特曼指数（σ）、K+Na和K/Na值等,Li品位与铝饱和度呈正相关、与碱度呈负相关,品位指标的变化趋势指示了矿体中锂的富集部位。 相似文献
8.
雪宝顶矿床位于四川省的松潘甘孜造山带中,以出产大颗粒含W-Sn-Be-F-P的矿物而闻名,前人对该矿床已经开展了大量的研究,但缺乏对粗粒矿物的主次痕量元素研究.本次研究采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术对矿床中各矿物的主次痕量元素进行测试分析.结果显示,雪宝顶矿... 相似文献
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新疆白石头泉高铷氟花岗岩不同相带云母成分及其演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
白石头泉含黄玉花岗岩体在露头上显示很好的岩性分带,从下至上依次为:淡色花岗岩(a带)、含天河石花岗岩(b带)、天河石花岗岩(c带)、含黄玉天河石花岗岩(d带)和黄玉钠长花岗岩(e带).岩体组成矿物主要为石英、钾长石(部分富铷的为天河石)、钠长石、黄玉和云母,副矿物为锰铝榴石和萤石.总体说来,从a带到c带,云母的Al、Mn、F和Rb含量递增,Fe、Mg和Ti含量递减;Li含量从a带到b带和c带递增,但b带和c带之间变化不明显.从c带到e带,随着Fe、Mg和Ti的减少,总体上表现为Al、Li递增,F、Mn和Rb递减的演化方向,但Li、F、Mn和Rb在c带和d带之间变化不明显,d带和e带之间却表现出急剧的变化.e带中的次生云母与原生云母相比,前者F、Li高而Al低,从a带到e带,Na K变化不明显.云母成分的这些变化特征与岩体的演化趋势相一致.白石头泉岩体与世界上其他地方类似花岗岩相比,没有出现锂云母这种高度富锂矿物,这可能与岩体中锂含量较低有关. 相似文献
11.
博格达山前凹陷上二叠统乌拉泊组沉积相及沉积模式 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
有关准噶尔盆地南缘上二叠统乌拉泊组的沉积环境, 一直存在较大争议。作者根据沉积物中的地球化学标志、碎屑岩的粒度分布特征及泥岩中的粘土矿物组合, 对博格达山前凹陷上二叠统乌拉泊组的沉积环境进行了分析, 认为乌拉泊组为一套海退背景下的沉积产物, 底部属海相沉积, 中、上部为陆相沉积。通过对野外剖面的岩性组合、沉积物的结构、原生沉积构造及沉积韵律等特征的研究, 在乌拉泊组中, 从底到顶识别出四种沉积相类型, 分别为潮坪相、滨岸水下扇相、辫状河流相和冲积扇相, 本区沉积相的演化主要受控于博格达陆间裂谷带的形成和发展. 相似文献
12.
Correlation of mineralogy and index properties with residual strength of Iraklion marls 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Tsiambaos 《Engineering Geology》1991,30(3-4):357-369
The marly formations of the city of Iraklion in Crete, Greece, are described and classified according to their mineralogy and physical properties. The residual angle of friction of these marls was determined using ring shear apparatus and the results were correlated with mineral composition and index properties, such as Atterberg limits and grain size distribution. Furthermore, for better understanding of the determined interrelationships between the physical characteristics and the residual strength of these marls, a number of marl-bentonite mixtures were also tested. Thus, the influence of the variation in clay mineral content on the residual strength was studied and correlations with clay-sized fraction and plasticity index were attempted. 相似文献
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黄土高原西部高分辨率黄土序列开展的多代用指标研究,有助于揭示轨道-亚轨道尺度上东亚冬、夏季风的变化特征及动力机制。但针对同一地质记录提取冬、夏季风多代用指标进行对比和敏感性分析的工作尚不多见,因此制约了对季风快速变化特征和机理的理解。本文利用甘肃临夏85 m黄土岩芯开展高分辨率的粒度、磁化率和元素扫描分析,发现在轨道尺度上粒度和Zr/Rb比值显示的大幅冰期-间冰期波动与深海氧同位素记录有很好的对应关系,表明东亚冬季风的波动响应于北半球高纬冰量的变化。但在千年尺度上,粒度能更敏感地响应冬季风的快速变化;Rb/Sr比值和磁化率均能很好记录轨道尺度上的东亚夏季风波动,但在亚轨道尺度上Rb/Sr的敏感性明显高于磁化率。粒度、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr所指示的东亚季风快速变化表现出较强的岁差信号,与石笋和北纬65°夏季太阳辐射有较好的对应关系,表明东亚季风变化也受到岁差直接驱动的夏季太阳辐射变的控制。在最后两个冰期-间冰期旋回中(即末期冰期旋回和倒数第二次冰期旋回)Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值和粒度记录分别可以辨别出与石笋相同数量级的变暖事件,但粒度记录的暖事件明显要多于Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值,且这些暖事件并不能一一对应。粒度及元素比值记录显著变冷的千年尺度的Heinrich(H)事件与石笋记录的夏季风明显减弱的事件有很好的对应关系,但其发生频率明显高于海洋记录。这些指标记录的千年尺度上波动信号的不一致性主要归因指标对不同气候要素敏感性的差异。未来需要进一步开展高分辨率多代用指标敏感性分析,选取对季风快速变化的敏感指标,有助于我们理解季风快速变化的特征(如周期和幅度等)和分析季风快速变化的时空差异性。 相似文献
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为反演阿尔金新近纪红黏土记录的古气候、古环境信息,在已有的磁性地层学约束基础之上对剖面的粒度指标进行了系统的分析,并利用粒度端元模型(EMM)进行分解。结果表明,可分为三个粒度端元:端元1(众数粒径5.2μm)众数粒径集中分布于2～6μm,与北太平洋西风带粒度分布和中国黄土细粒组分的粒度分布相似;端元2(众数粒径20μm)呈负偏态非对称分布,众数粒径在32～16μm之间,为低空西风所搬运短距离做跃移运动的粉尘物质;端元3为双主峰分布,众数粒径57μm和2.5μm,代表着尘暴事件中风动力近源变化强度,反映混合沉积特征。其中在10.8～10.3 Ma、8～6 Ma、5.2～4.3 Ma、3.6～2.8 Ma端元1粒度含量呈减小趋势,端元2粒度百分含量呈逐渐增加趋势,中值粒径增大。13～2.6 Ma阿尔金红黏土记录显示内陆干旱化加剧事件经历了10.8～10.3 Ma、8～6 Ma、5.2～4.3 Ma、3.6～2.8 Ma四个阶段,结合前人对该剖面及邻区其他地质环境记录研究表明,亚洲内陆干旱化可能的起始时间为11 Ma左右,西风环流在本区占主导地位。全球变冷是内陆干旱化加剧的主导要素,青藏高原的阶段性隆升起着推动作用。 相似文献
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Major and trace elemental compositions of loess samples collected from the Jingyuan section in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed to investigate the potential impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the loess geochemistry and to extract appropriate geochemical indices for better evaluating the East Asian monsoon variability. Based on variations of major and trace elements in different grain size fractions, seventeen elements were classified into three types: (1) Si and Na display higher contents with the increased particle sizes; (2) Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Cr, V are mainly enriched in fine size fractions; (3) Ti, Ba, Zr, P, Ca and Sr show irregular variations among different size fractions. Comparison of Al-normalized elemental ratios with Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios (two commonly employed indicators for grain size sorting and pedogenic weathering) indicates that Si/Al, Zr/Al, Ti/Al variations match well with Zr/Rb and grain size results, whilst Ca/Al, Sr/Al, P/Al ratios display similar variability as that of Rb/Sr ratio. Comparison of loess based proxies (e.g., elemental ratios, magnetic susceptibility, grain size) of Jingyuan section with speleothem and ice-core records confirms that elemental ratios of high-resolution loess sequences developed in the northwestern CLP can be employed to address fluctuations of the winter monsoon-induced grain size sorting and summer monsoon-related weathering and pedogenesis at glacial–interglacial and millennial timescales. 相似文献
17.
Prosperous granite (Rb-Sr 2520±25 Ma) occurs as several plutons (1–380 km2 outcrop area) in a thick succession of metamorphosed greywacke-mudstone of the Yellowknife Supergroup. The average mineral content of the Sparrow pluton (in vol.%) is quartz (32), plagioclase (31), K-feldspar (24), muscovite (9), biotite (3), and apatite (<1). Average trace-element concentrations (in ppm) are Li (140), Be (4), B (28), Zn (47), Rb (250), Sr (76), Zr (75) and Ba (360). The central portion of the pluton is slightly richer in K, Sr, and Ba than the margin. Li is concentrated in mica (Li in biotite/Li in muscovite=4.7), and Be and B in muscovite and plagioclase. Countless pegmatite dikes occur in the Sparrow pluton and in schist-hornfels to the east; the outer limit is marked by the cordierite isograd, 9 km from the granite contact. Dikes vary greatly in size (1 km to a few cm in length), in mineral content (quartz, albite, K-feldspar, muscovite, tourmaline, beryl, spodumene), in major element composition (especially the NaK ratio), and in trace-element content (Li 18–5000 ppm, Be 5–260 ppm, B 20–150 ppm). Compared with Prosperous granite, the pegmatite bodies are richer in P and Rb, and poorer in Ti, Fe, Mg, Zr, and Ba. Dikes rich in tourmaline, beryl, and spodumene occur in overlapping zones situated progressively farther from the centre of the Sparrow pluton. The composition of tourmaline is related to host rock; the highest concentrations of Fe and Zn occur in crystals from pegmetite and the highest concentrations of Mg and V occur in crystals from tourmalinized schist, while those from granite and quartz veins occupy on intermediate position. Complex compositional zoning is present in some tourmaline crystals in pegmatite. Estimates of temperature (500°–600° C) and pressure (2–4 kb) of granite emplacement, based on the distribution of andalusite and sillimanite in the contact rocks, suggest that the final stage of granite emplacement occurred at sub-solidus conditions. A vaportransport model is proposed to explain the widespread distribution of the pegmatite dikes and their extreme compositional variability. Some of the pegmatite constituents, including Li, Be, and B, were possibly derived from Yellowknife graywacke and mudstone. 相似文献
18.
对成都平原区内5个代表性的第四系剖面上的成都粘土进行了系统的粒度分析。结果表明,成都粘土以粉砂颗粒（5～50μm）为主,平均粒径约为7．1—7．3φ（7．4—6．6μm）,缺少粗尾,〉63μm颗粒的含量很少,以细颗粒物质为主,呈双峰分布。其粒度分布及粒度参数特征与北方黄土及甘孜黄土非常相似,而与河流相沉积物有很大差异,表明成都粘土属于风成堆积。根据光释光测年（OSL）结果,成都平原区的成都粘土是晚更新世中期至晚期末次冰期堆积物,其物质主体是远源的。 相似文献
19.
Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction 总被引：54，自引：1，他引：54
Classically, the grain size of soil and sediment samples is determined by the sieve method for the coarse fractions and by the pipette method, based on the ‘Stokes’ sedimentation rates, for the fine fractions. Results from the two methods are compared with results from laser diffraction size analysis, which is based on the forward scattering of monochromatic coherent light. From a point of view of laboratory efficiency, the laser sizing technique is far superior. Accuracy and reproducibility are shown by measurements on certified materials. It appears that laser grain size measurements of certified materials correspond very well with the certificated measurements. Tests were also done on a set of randomly selected sediments of fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine origin. Except for the (<2 μm) clay fraction, there is a coarsening of the mean diameter of one to two size classes (0.25 ?), caused by the non-sphericity of the particles. The platy form of the clay particles induces considerable differences (eight size classes) between pipette and laser measurements: the <2 μm grain size, defined by the pipette method corresponds with a grain size of 8 μm defined by the Laser Particle Sizer for the studied sediments. Using a higher grain size level for the clay fraction, when laser analysis is applied, enables workers in the geological and environmental field to compare classical pipette analysis with a laser sizing technique. 相似文献
20.
上海软粘土微观特性及在土体变形与地面沉降中的作用研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
对上海软粘土的颗粒及集合体成分、孔径分布、微结构、孔隙溶液与阳离子交换性作了分析 ,对固结前后的孔径变化与人工回灌对土体性质可能带来的影响作了探讨 ,从物理化学角度阐述了软粘土微观特性对土体固结变形及地面沉降的影响. 相似文献