共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 589 毫秒
1.
东太湖钻孔揭示的重金属污染历史 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年在东太湖运用重力采样器采集得到岩芯钻孔(DJZ和DQG)。运用核素210Pb和137Cs对沉积物钻孔进行定年,同时分析了沉积物金属元素,并研究近代东太湖重金属污染以及人类活动对其的影响。本文运用Fe元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数和人为污染的重金属通量。研究表明,除了钻孔的表层样以外,东太湖DQG和DJZ钻孔的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr、Ni的富集系数接近1。结果表明最近几十年来的重金属铅、铜、锌在不断富集,尤其是在20世纪70年代以来。20世纪70年代至90年代,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量维持在一定的水平,90年代以来,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量在不断增加,这与区域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合。东太湖2000s初以来Pb通量特别是人为污染的Pb的通量出现下降,这可能部分与含铅汽油的禁用有关,另外也与该阶段流域工业结构的调整有关。 相似文献
2.
鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中重金属分布的影响因素分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
对鸭绿江河口不同地区沉积物中重金属分布特征和埋藏通量的垂向变化进行了分析;探讨了其独特的动力环境等因素对重金属分布的影响;评价了鸭绿江河口地区重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险程度.结果显示,自1920年代到2000年以来,除了Cu的含量和埋藏通量逐年减小之外,Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的浓度和埋藏通量具有逐渐增加的趋势;鸭绿江河口地区重金属总体污染程度为重到严重,其中西水道沉积物的重金属总体污染程度和总潜在生态风险程度均最高,重金属污染已经对鸭绿江河口地区的生态环境构成了严重的危害;粒度控制效应不是鸭绿江河口地区重金属分布的最主要影响因素;Cu和其他几种重金属有着不同的来源;最大浑浊带独特的动力机制是造成中水道重金属(除Cu外)的高值分布区和最大浑浊带内的高悬沙浓度分布区相对应的最主要原因. 相似文献
3.
以2007年在石臼湖采集的浅岩芯钻孔(SJH07-C1)研究近代石臼湖湖泊环境演化历史以及人类活动的影响。运用核素210Pb和 137Cs进行定年,210Pb 的CRS模式定年结果与137Cs方法获得的年代具有较好的可比性。同时分析了岩芯沉积物的理化指标,包括烧失量、总磷、金属元素和磁化率。分析表明： 1955年以前地球化学指标表明石臼湖湖泊沉积物中人类活动信息较弱,但总磷和有机质（烧失量）开始出现增加,湖泊营养水平开始升高。1955～1969年,湖泊沉积物磁化率较高,重金属（包括铜、铅、锌和汞）含量快速增加,可能与该期开始大量使用化肥、农药有关,导致入湖污染物增加。1969～1997年期间,1969～1979年时段湖泊沉积物磁化率最高,重金属含量比较稳定,在石臼湖进行了大规模的围垦; 1979～1997年,湖泊沉积物磁化率较高但呈减少趋势,重金属含量再次快速增加,总磷增加较快,说明该阶段入湖污染物增加,湖泊营养水平也在增加。1997～2007年,磁化率较低,重金属含量保持在高水平,总磷快速增加,显示该阶段湖泊营养水平较高,但入湖物质通量在减少。 相似文献
4.
人类活动影响下的胶州湾近百年来环境演变的沉积记录 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文报道了胶州湾柱状沉积物中各生源要素(C、N、P、BSi)以及重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn等)的地球化学特征,在210Pb精确定年的基础上计算了各项地球化学参数的埋藏通量,并结合元素间的比值(OC/TN、OC/OP、BSi/N、BSi/P;其中OC为有机碳,TN为总氮,OP为有机磷,BSi为生物源硅)和重金属的某些污染指数,给出了胶州湾环境演变的沉积记录以及人类活动影响因子.结果表明:胶州湾近百年的环境演变大致可以分为三个阶段:1980年以前、1980年到2000年左右和2000年至今,经历了环境的未受污染期污染期治理好转期.这些变化除与自然因素有关外,大部分应该归因于人类活动作用的加强. 相似文献
5.
在放射性核素137Cs和210Pb精确计年的基础上,建立了长江中游网湖近代沉积物年代序列。通过对沉积物中金属元素含量和粒度的测定,结合相关的文献资料,分析了100多年来网湖沉积物中重金属元素的垂直分布特征、物源变化,以及自然因素和人类活动对其的影响,最后采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行了重金属污染评价。研究结果表明： 20世纪50年代以前,人类活动对重金属元素沉积影响不大,重金属元素含量低于或接近参考的背景值,主要表现为自然沉积。其中1920～1950年间,流域高频率的洪灾使网湖沉积物中粘土物质减少,战乱和血吸虫病造成阳新县工农业生产衰退,人口急剧下降,受此影响沉积物中重金属含量出现了一段低谷。50年代以后,随着人口的增长、经济的速猛发展,尤其是矿产开发和大规模的水利工程建设,流域水土流失加重,大量陆源物质进入湖泊,使Cu,Ti,Mn,Zn,Co,Fe和Pb含量增加。重金属污染评价结果表明： 100多年来网湖总体上污染较轻,主要污染元素为Pb; Cu和Zn在60年代后出现轻度污染; Mn在沉积物表层出现轻度污染。目前,网湖RI=40.83,生态风险较小,但作为水生生物的养殖基地,中国重要的湿地保护区,其重金属污染问题应引起有关方面的关注,以防患于未然。 相似文献
6.
胶州湾沉积物中氮的地球化学特征及其环境意义* 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
通过分级浸取的方法获得了胶州湾沉积物中不同形态的氮,将可转化态氮分为离子交换态(IEF-N)、弱酸浸取态 (WAEF-N)、强碱浸取态(SAEF-N)和强氧化剂浸取态(SOEF-N),讨论了其地球化学特征和控制因素,并结合210 Pb测年计算了不同年代氮的埋藏通量。在此基础上,分析了胶州湾沉积物中氮给出的环境信息。结果表明,强氧化剂浸取态氮是胶州湾沉积物中可转化态氮主要赋存形态,NO3-N是胶州湾沉积物中氮的优势形态,氮的含量及埋藏通量的分布受到pH、盐度、温度、生物扰动、沉积物粒度、沉积速率等多种因素的影响。受人为活动的影响,目前每年排入胶州湾的固体垃圾和污水中的悬浮颗粒物的量已超过河流来沙,成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源。在20世纪初由于污染情况较轻,并且受人为活动的影响较小,胶州湾沉积物各形态氮的埋藏通量较低,但自从20世纪80年代开始,环胶州湾地区的工农业迅猛发展,氮的埋藏通量急剧增加,胶州湾地区的环境一度恶化,但由于近年来采取的较为得力的治污与排放措施,胶州湾的环境状况已有明显改观。 相似文献
7.
近50年来抚仙湖重金属污染的沉积记录* 总被引：15，自引：8，他引：15
文章以抚仙湖污染严重的北部和基本未受人类活动影响的中部为研究对象,分别采集了沉积岩芯FB和FZ,通过对岩芯的137 Cs测年和重金属元素(Cu,Ni,Ti,Cr,V,Pb,Cd和Zn)的含量分析,研究了湖泊重金属来源和污染历史,并利用地质累积指数法评价了湖泊重金属污染程度。结果表明:抚仙湖北部的平均沉积速率约为2.0~2.8mm/a;20世纪80年代以前,湖泊北部和中部的重金属元素(Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Cd,Zn)以自然来源为主;80年代以后,抚仙湖受到人类活动的影响,但湖泊中部Cu,Ni,Ti,V,Pb,Zn以及湖泊北部Cu,Ni,Ti,V仍以自然来源为主;湖泊北部Pb和Zn地质累积指数值小于1,属无污染到中度污染;北部Cd地质累积指数为3~4,达强度污染;中部Cd地质累积指数为2~3,属中强度污染;且Pb,Zn和Cd污染程度有加速增大的趋势。 相似文献
8.
长江下游青弋江、水阳江水系湖泊沉积物中重金属变化特征研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
2004～2008年在青弋江、水阳江流域石臼、固城、南漪三湖采集得到岩芯钻孔.运用核素210Pb和137Cs对获得沉积物进行定年,同时分析了岩芯沉积物金属元素,研究近代湖泊重金属演化历史以及人类活动的影响,并对重金属进行了评价.文章运用Al元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数.研究表明,石臼、固城、南漪三湖钻孔中Cu和Zn的富集系数高于Pb,但Pb,Zn,Cu和Cr富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr的富集系数较小.自20世纪80年代中期以来流域内人类活动对石臼湖湖泊沉积物造成了显著的重金属污染,在南漪湖则推迟了10年左右,而在固城湖其重金属污染相对不明显.根据沉积物质量基准进行评价,发现石臼、固城、南漪三湖虽然存在一定的Cu,Pb,Zn和Cr污染,但污染造成的生态效应还不明显. 相似文献
9.
采用新型含磷材料（KMP）及水泥（PC）固化稳定化锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）重金属污染土,研究试验土经冻融循环后的毒性浸出（CLP）、无侧限抗压强度（UCT）、压汞试验（MIP）及化学形态分析（BCR）,探究固化污染土的力学特性及耐久特性。试验结果表明,经冻融循环后,未处理污染土Zn、Pb浸出值均超过中国土壤标准;采用KMP和PC固化后,Zn、Pb浸出浓度明显低于未处理污染土;KMP固化污染土比PC固化污染土重金属固化效果更为显著,并能达到中国土壤标准;与常规养护相比,冻融循环之后的固化土体强度明显减小;经过12级冻融循环的KMP固化复合Zn、Pb重金属污染污染土强度高于PC固化试样8.6倍。压汞试验表明,经12级冻融循环后固化污染土孔隙体积增大,化学形态分析结果表明,采用KMP、PC固化重金属污染土中可交换态Zn随着养护龄期的增长而减少,残渣态Zn增加。 相似文献
10.
通过野外剖面踏勘、井下岩芯观测、镜下微区扫描等,初步探讨了泥质岩非构造裂缝（泥裂）的发育期次、空间展布形态、裂缝开裂模式及影响因素等。研究表明:（1）泥裂发育可以分为3个期次,依次为同生成岩期、埋藏成岩期（早成岩期和中-晚成岩期）和表生成岩期,各期泥裂发育数量与面孔率表现为∑同生期＞∑表生期＞∑埋藏期;（2）泥裂开裂方式主要包括3大类7种模式; （3）现代泥裂发育通常经历四个阶段,其中砂-泥旋回地层中砂层的润滑作用有助于泥裂的形成,并为早期裂缝填充提供了物质保障,同时,此类地层也有利于异常高压缝的发育;（4）泥裂单边延展开裂后期通常产生分叉,分叉角度多为120°,其次为90°,主要与沉积物颗粒均质性和能量释放有关;（5）影响泥裂发育的因素有多个方面,其中粘土含量和盐度决定着泥裂的发育程度,地形坡度控制着泥裂的空间组合形态,沉积旋回影响着泥裂的开裂方式、位置及裂缝内填充模式等;（6）构造裂缝的存在对泥裂的发育与保存具有一定的积极作用,二者互相影响。 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(5):541-558
The Isonzo river mouth has been the source of Hg in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic sea) since the sixteenth century, making this shallow basin one of the most contaminated marine areas in the length of time and amount of metal accumulated. The occurrence and behaviour of total Hg (range 0.064–30.38 μg g−1; average 5.04 μg g−1; median 3.10 μg g−1, n=80) and related size fractions in sediments of this coastal area were investigated in detail. The relationship between total Hg and the fine silt-clay (< 16 μm) fraction has provided information on the hydrological and mineralogical fractionation process affecting this element, when compared to other heavy metals associated with fluvial inputs. Mercury contents are very high along the littoral zone of the northern (Italian) sector where this metal is present in detrital form (cinnabar) in sandy-silty sediments near the river mouth and the surrounding beaches. Within the sediments belonging to the Gulf area, Hg is bound either to fine particles or adsorbed onto the surface of clay minerals and/or partially complexed by colloids and organic matter. Recent accumulation of Hg in a 70 cm long 210Pb dated core, collected in the central part of the Gulf, was also compared to other heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn). A preliminary estimate of Hg enrichment shows that the first 50 cm of sediment in the central sector of the Gulf of Trieste are noticeably contaminated, reaching a maximum of up to 25-fold above the proposed natural regional background of 0.17 μg g−1. The vertical trend is well correlated to historical data of Hg extraction activity at the Idrija mine. 相似文献
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):769-786
Heavy metal (Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb) mass balances in the Lot-Garonne fluvial system have been established for 1999 and 2000. The mean annual discharges of these years are close to the mean discharge of the previous decade. The estimated annual dissolved and particulate fluxes in this model watershed integrate daily input from diffuse and point sources, diffusive fluxes at the water/sediment interface, changes in the dissolved-particulate partition and changes in sediment stock. Cadmium, Zn, Cu and Pb entering the Gironde estuary via the Garonne River (11–14 t a−1 of Cd; 1330–1450 t a−1 of Zn; 126–214 t a−1 of Cu and 127–155 t a−1 of Pb) are mainly transported in the particulate phase and the major part (i.e. ∼74 to 96% for Cd, ∼60% for Zn, ∼50 to 60% for Cu and ∼80% for Pb) is transported by the Lot River. The main anthropogenic heavy metal point source is located in a small upstream watershed (Riou-Mort River) accounting for at least 47% (Cd), ∼20% (Zn), ∼4% (Cu) and ∼7 to 9% (Pb) of the total heavy metal inputs into the Garonne River, although it contributes only 1% of the discharge. Mass balances for 1999 suggest that under mean annual hydrologic conditions on the basin scale, the heavy metal budget of the Lot-Garonne fluvial system is balanced and that the stocks of Cd [200 t; Environ. Tech. 16 (1995) 1145] and Zn in the Lot River sediment are constant under mean discharge conditions. Heavy metal input by molecular diffusion at the sediment surface represents an important component of dissolved metal inputs into the system (e.g. 30% for Cu). Except for Cu, these dissolved inputs are totally removed from solution by SPM. Based on the generally constant Zn/Cd (∼50) concentration ratio in sediment cores from the polluted Lot River reaches and the sediment stock of Cd [200 t; Environ. Tech. 16 (1995) 1145], the present day Zn stock in the Lot River sediments has been estimated at about 10,000 t. In addition to the mobilization of river-bed sediment and associated heavy metals by intense floods, local human activities, including river-bed dredging, may strongly modify the heavy metal budget of the river system. In 2000, the dredging-related remobilization of polluted Lot River sediment released 2–6 t Cd. This additional Cd point source was estimated to account for 15–43% of the gross inputs into the Gironde Estuary. 相似文献
13.
The Tinto and Odiel rivers drain 100 km from the Rio Tinto sulphide mining district, and join at a 20-km long estuary entering the Atlantic Ocean. A reconnaissance study of heavy metal anomalies in channel sand and overbank mud of the river and estuary by semi-quantitative emission dc-arc spectrographic analysis shows the following upstream to downstream ranges in ppm (μg g?1): As 3,000 to <200, Cd 30 to <0.1, Cu 1,500 to 10, Pb 2,000 to <10, Sb 3000 to <150, and Zn 3,000 to <200. Organic-rich (1.3–2.6% total organic carbon, TOC), sandysilty overbank clay has been analyzed to represent suspended load materials. The high content of heavy metals in the overbank clay throughout the river and estuary systems indicates the importance of suspended sediment transport for dispersing heavy metals from natural erosion and anthropogenic mining activities of the sulfide deposit. The organic-poor (0.21–0.37% TOC) river bed sand has been analyzed to represent bedload transport of naturally-occurring sulfide minerals. The sand has high concentrations of metals upstream but these decrease an order of magnitude in the lower estuary. Although heavy metal contamination of estuary mouth beach sand has been diluted to background levels estuary mud exhibits increased contamination apparently related to finer grain size, higher organic carbon content, precipitation of river-borne dissolved solids, and input of anthropogenic heavy metals from industrial sources. The contaminated estuary mud disperses to the inner shelf mud belt and offshore suspended sediment, which exhibit metal anomalies from natural erosion and mining of upstream Rio Tinto sulphide lode sources (Pb, Cu, Zn) and industrial activities within the estuary (Fe, Cr, Ti). Because heavy metal contamination of Tinto-Odiel river sediment reaches or exceeds the highest levels encountered in other river sediments of Spain and Europe, a detailed analysis of metals in water and suspended sediment throughout the system, and epidemiological analysis of heavy metal effects in humans is appropriate. 相似文献
14.
研究测定了百朗地下河大石围天坑段沉积柱芯中金属元素和沉积有机质(SOM)浓度,结合210Pb定年和历史事件记载,恢复了1932-2007年间百朗地下河流域的污染历史。研究结果表明,地下河沉积柱中主要有毒重金属Cd、Hg分别超过广西土壤背景值3.4和0.6倍,超过中国土壤背景值11.2和2.7倍;1932年至2007年间;总体上沉积柱中各重金属元素的垂直分布趋势相似,呈现不同程度的上升趋势;并推演了历史上农民运动、抗日战争、大跃进、改革开放初期和经济快速发展期等事件是造成百朗地下河流域金属元素变化的主要原因;尤其是沉积柱中钙与镁的垂直变化显示了1983年以来流域岩溶石山地区进入一个新的建设高潮。相关性分析和聚类分析表明,Cr、Pb主要来源于自然环境;Fe、Cu、Ni、Zn、As、MgO来源为自然和人为混合源;Cd、Hg、Mn、CaO和SOM主要来源于人为污染源;与多环芳烃相关性分析显示Zn、Cd和As部分来源为人为的燃煤污染。因此沉积柱较好地记录了百朗地下河流域重金属污染历史。 相似文献
15.
Heavy metals content and distribution in the surface sediments of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River,Southern China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The long-term industrialization and urbanization of Guangzhou city may lead to heavy metal contamination of its aquatic sediment.
Nevertheless, only few studies have been published on the distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in this
urban river sediment. Thus, the major objective of this study was to quantitatively assess contamination of heavy metals and
their chemical partitioning in the sediments of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River (GSPR). Surface sediment samples
were collected at 10 sites in the main river and 12 sites in the creeks of the GSPR. The total content of Cd was determined
by graphite furnace atomic adsorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and content of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn was determined by inductively
coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The chemical partitioning of these heavy metals in the sediments of
the main river was determined by the sequential selective extraction (SSE) method. Results indicated that the average total
concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn in the sediments of the main river were 1.44, 63.7, 95.5, 253.6 and 370.0 mg/kg, respectively,
whereas they were 2.10, 125.5, 110.1, 433.7 and 401.9 mg/kg in the sediments of the creeks. The sediment at M4 and C9 sites
was heavily contaminated with about 8 and 11 of toxic unit, respectively. Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were mostly bound to organic matter
and in the residual phase, whereas Cd was mostly associated with the soluble and exchangeable phase and the residual phase.
The mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Zn and Cr in the sediments of the main river were relatively higher than Cu and Pb,
due to higher levels in the soluble and exchangeable fraction and the carbonate fraction. The potential acute toxicity in
the sediments of the main river and creeks was mainly caused by Cu contamination, accounting for 21.7–37.1% and 16.9–46.3%
of the total toxicity, respectively, followed by Zn and Pb. Adverse biological effects induced by heavy metals would be expected
in the sediments of the GSPR. Therefore, the sediments of the GSPR, especially at M4 and C9 sites, need to be remediated to
maintain aquatic ecosystem health. 相似文献
16.
Dorra Gargouri Maher Gzam Adel Kharroubi Younes Jedoui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):381
The urbanized coastal zones are frequently faced to various pollutant discharges mainly in the shoreline. The quantification of the pollution level was mainly based on sea-water analysis. However, in this environment, the sediment characterization, using quality indicators, may constitute an accurate approach. The latter can be particularly appropriate to define heavy metals pollution degree. Chemical analyses of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were undertaken for a total of 45 surface marine sediment samples of Gabes city coast. There is a significant extension of pollution, strongly influenced by the dominant longshore current. The studied sediments were found usually enriched with Cu, Cd, and Zn. These anthropogenic heavy metals have identical behavior and similar distribution. These metals did not show any correlations with Fe chosen as natural tracer. The multi-element indices used permitted to conclude that 70% of sampling sites are highly affected by heavy metal contamination and associated with very high ecological risk. These indices use a simple contamination factor, which, however, would not take account of the sedimentary inputs and the complex sediment behavior. Consequently, modified indices, employing enrichment factor, were used and demonstrated better to assess pollution and ecological risk. 相似文献
17.
Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in a sediment core from the Pearl River Estuary 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Baolin Liu Ke Hu Zhenglong Jiang Juan Yang Ximing Luo Aihua Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):265-275
A sediment core collected from coastal zone near the Qiao Island in the Pearl River Estuary was analyzed for total metal concentrations,
chemical partitioning, and physico-chemical properties. Three vertical distribution patterns of the heavy metals in the sediment
core were identified, respectively. The dominant binding phases for Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn were the residual and Fe/Mn oxides
fractions. Cd in all sediments was mainly associated with exchangeable fraction. Influences of total organic carbon content
and cation exchange capacity on the total concentrations and fractions of almost all the metals were not evident, whereas
sand content might play an important role in the distributions of residual phases of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. In addition, sediment
pH had also an important influence on the Fe/Mn oxides, organic/sulfide and residual fractions of Cr, Cu, and Zn. Contamination
assessment on the heavy metals in the sediment core adopting Index of Geoaccumulation showed that Cr, V, Be, Se, Sn, and Tl
were unpolluted, while Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co were polluted in different degrees throughout the core. It was remarkable
that the various pollution levels of the metals from moderate (for Cu, Pb, and Zn) to strong (for Cd) were observed in the
top 45 cm of the profiles. The relative decrease of the residual fraction in the upper 45 cm of the core is striking, especially
for Zn and Cu, and, also for Pb, and Cr. The change in fraction distribution in the upper 45 cm, which is very much contrasting
to the one at larger depths, confirms that the residual fraction is related to the natural origin of these metals, whereas
in the upper part, the non-residual fractions (mainly the Fe/Mn oxides fraction) are increased due to pollution in the last
decade. The possible sources for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd contaminations were attributed to the increasing municipal and industrial
wastewater discharges, agricultural runoff, atmospheric inputs, and runoff from upstream mining or smelting activities, which
may be associated with an accelerating growth of economy in the Pearl River Delta region in the past decade. 相似文献
18.
Historical variation and recent ecological risk of heavy metals in wetland sediments along Wusuli River,Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chuanyu Gao Qianxin Lin Kunshan Bao Haiyang Zhao Zhenqing Zhang Wei Xing Xianguo Lu Guoping Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4345-4355
The 150-year historical changes in concentrations of pollution elements (Pb, Cu and Zn) in sediment profiles from two riparian freshwater wetlands along the Wusuli River (boundary river between China and Russia) were studied, and the ecological risk of heavy metals and their effects on four riparian wetlands during the urban development from Khanka Lake to Black Bear Island along the Wusuli River were assessed. Results showed that there are sharp increases of the enrichment factor and the ratio of anthropogenic/total of heavy metals in the sediment profiles during the 2000s, which showed that intensive human activities during city development had greatly affected heavy metals distribution since the 1960s. According to the principal component analysis, sediment textures, redox regimes, and organic matter contents accounted for 45.7, 23.6 and 16.5 % of the total variance of element concentrations, respectively. This study also showed that ecological risk of heavy metals was increased along the Wusuli River and closely related to the water quality of the rivers as their hydrological regimes likely affect wetlands. 相似文献
19.
Vertical distribution and water solubility of phosphorus and heavy metals in sediments of the St. Lucie Estuary, South Florida, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in sediments impact water quality. There has been an increasing concern regarding fish health in the St. Lucie Estuary, which is related to increased inputs of nutrients and metals in recent decades. To investigate vertical changes of contaminants (P, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn) in sediments of the St. Lucie Estuary in South Florida, 117 layer samples from six of the 210 to 420 cm depth cores were analyzed for their total and water-soluble P and heavy metals, clay, total Fe, Al, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and pH. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in two sets of analytical data (total and water-soluble contaminant concentrations) to document changes of contaminants in each core of sediments. The PCA of total contaminants and minerals resulted in two factors (principal components). The first and second factors accounted for 61.7 and 17.2 % of the total variation in all variables, and contrast indicators associated with contaminants of P, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn and accumulation of Fe and Al oxides, respectively. The first factor could be used for overall assessment of P and heavy metal contamination, and was higher in the upper 45–90 cm than the lower depths of each core. The concentrations of P and heavy metals in the surface layers of sediments significantly increased, as compared with those in the sediments deeper than 45–90 cm. The PCA of water-soluble contaminants developed two factors. The second factor (Cu–P) was higher in the upper than the lower depths of the sediment, whereas the highest score of the first factor (Cd–Co–Cr–Ni–Pb–Zn–Mn) occurred below 100 cm. The water-soluble Cu and P concentrations were mainly dependent on their total concentrations in the sediments, whereas the water-soluble Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn concentrations were mainly controlled by pH. 相似文献