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1.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):167-208
The Denizli graben-horst system (DGHS) is located at the eastern-southeastern converging tips of three well-identified major grabens, the Gediz, the Küçük Menderes and the Büyük Menderes grabens, in the west Anatolian extensional province. It forms a structural link between these grabens and the other three NE-NW-trending grabens—the Çivril, the Ac?göl and the Burdur grabens—comprising the western limb of the Isparta Angle. Therefore, the DGHS has a critical role in the evolutionary history of continental extension and its eastward continuation in southwestern Turkey, including western Anatolia, west-central Anatolia, and the Isparta Angle. The DGHS is a 7-28-km wide, 62-km long, actively growing and very young rift developed upon metamorphic rocks of both the Menderes Massif and the Lycian nappes, and their Oligocene-Lower Miocene cover sequence. It consists of one incipient major graben, one modern major graben, two sub-grabens and two intervening sub-horsts evolved on the four palaeotectonic blocks. Therefore, the DGHS displays different trends along its length, namely, NW, E-W, NE and again E-W. The DGHS has evolved episodically rather than continuously. This is indicated by a series of evidence: (1) it contains two graben infills, the ancient graben infill and the modern graben infill, separated by an intervening angular unconformity; (2) the ancient graben infill consists of two Middle Miocene-Middle Pliocene sequences of 660 m thickness accumulated in a fluvio-lacustrine depositional setting under the control of first NNW-SSE- and later NNE-SSW-directed extension (first-stage extension), and deformed (folded and strike-slip faulted) by a NNE-SSW- to ENE-WSW-directed phase of compression in the latest Middle Pliocene, whereas the modern graben infill consists of 350-m thick, undeformed (except for local areas against the margin-bounding active faults), nearly flat-lying fanapron deposits and travertines of Plio-Quaternary age; (3) the ancient graben infill is confined not only to the interior of the graben but is also exposed well outside and farther away from the graben, whereas the modern graben infill is restricted to only the interior of the graben. These lines of evidence imply an episodic, two-stage extensional evolutionary history interrupted by an intervening compressional episode for the DGHS. Both the southern and northern margin-bounding faults of the DGHS are oblique-slip normal faults with minor right- and/or left-lateral strike-slip components. They are mapped and classified into six categories, and named the Babada?, Honaz, A?a??da?dere, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones, and composed of 0.5-36-km long fault segments linked by a number of relay ramps. Total throw amounts accumulated on both the northern and southern margin-bounding faults are 1,050 m and 2,080 m, respectively. In addition, the maximum width of the DGHS and the thickness of the crust beneath it are more or less same (~ 28 km). The total of these values indicate a vertical slip rate of 0.15-0.14 mm/year and averaging 7% extension for the asymmetrical DGHS. The master faults of the Babada?, Honaz, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones are still active and have a potential seismicity with magnitudes 6 or higher. This is indicated by both the historical (1703 and 1717 seismic events) to recent (1965, 1976, 2000 seismic events) earthquakes sourced from margin-bounding faults and some diagnostic morphotectonic features, such as deflected drainage system, degraded alluvial fans with apices adjacent to fault traces, back-tilting of fault-bounded blocks, and actively growing travertine occurrences. The kinematic analyses of main fault-slip-plane data, Upper Quaternary fissure ridges and focal-mechanism solutions of some destructive earthquakes clearly indicate that the current continental extension (second-stage extension) by normal faulting in the DGHS continues in a (mean) 026° to 034° (NNE-SSW) direction. Detailed and recent field geological mapping, stratigraphy of the Miocene-Quaternary basins, palaeostress analysis of fault populations and main margin-bounding faults of these basins, extensional gashes to fissures, and focal-mechanism solutions of destructive earth-quakes that have occurred in last century strongly indicate that extension is not unidirectional and confined only to western Anatolia, but also continues farther east across the Isparta Angle and west-central Anatolia, up to the Salt Lake fault zone in the east and the inönü-Eski?ehir fault zone in the north-northeast. Therefore, the term “southwest Turkey extensional province” is proposed in lieu of the term “west Anatolian extensional province”. 相似文献
2.
青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地表地质调查发现,第四纪期间在风火山逆冲-褶皱构造带以发生近东西向的伸展变形为特征。在该构造带中形成切割早期近东西向挤压变形构造带、指示近东西向伸展变形、整体沿北60°东向展布的二道沟断陷盆地。断裂活动的地质、地貌证据表明,控制该盆地晚第四纪断陷的主边界断裂位于其北缘,是一条断续延伸达24 km左右、可能兼具左旋走滑性质的正断层。根据该区晚第四纪沉积物的分布和时代,并对断裂所错动的晚第四纪地质-地貌体进行初步的年代学分析,可以初步断定该断裂的晚第四纪垂直活动速率应该介于0.2~0.4 mm/a之间。 相似文献
3.
One of the puzzling features of the southern end of the Rhine graben is the Dinkelberg-Tabular Jura block on the eastern shoulder of the graben. It is dissected by a large number of faults, the most notable ones forming a field of narrow little grabens and half-grabens whose bordering faults converge at the level of the Middle Triassic evaporites, which points to décollement at that horizon. The little grabens were traditionally considered to be of Oligocene age, coeval with the main taphrogenesis of the Rhine graben. Two hypotheses were offered for their formation, one ascribing them to extension on the extrados of large basement folds, the other to gravity sliding on paleoslopes. Recent field work uncovered overwhelming evidence for an Eocene age of the little grabens, the time of the initial phase of Rhine graben formation. At that time there were neither large basement folds nor paleoslopes of any significance, and therefore the two hypotheses offered until now do not work. However, the map-view pattern of the field of faults offers a somewhat unusual way out of the dilemma. This pattern is most prominently displayed in the Dinkelberg area north of the Rhine. There a lane of narrow décollement grabens with a mean NNE strike is confined within the NW- striking Dinkelberg graben, which is much wider and rooted in the basement. It is also very shallow, with a subsidence on the order of 100 m. The lane of décollement grabens forms a dextral en-échelon pattern with respect to the Dinkelberg graben, suggesting stretching of the post-evaporite sequence above a basement essentially extended by strike slip. This model, though not as clearly expressed, is also compatible with the data in the rest of the Dinkelberg-Tabular Jura block. It also fits surprisingly well a theoretical model by Withjack and Scheiner (1982) that predicts a dominance of strike-slip in the marginal area of a system consisting of extension superimposed on doming. 相似文献
4.
North‐northwest normal faults intersect ENE normal faults in the vicinity of Querétaro City, in central México, affecting the Miocene–Pliocene northern‐central sector of the Mexican Volcanic Belt province. This intersection produced an orthogonal arrangement of grabens, half‐grabens and horsts that include the Querétaro graben. The NNW faults are part of the Taxco–San Miguel de Allende fault system, which is proposed here as part of the southernmost Basin and Range province in México. The ENE to E–W faults are part of the E–W oriented Chapala–Tula fault zone, which has been interpreted as an active intra‐arc fault system of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. Seventy‐four normal faults were mapped, of which the NNW faults are the largest and have the best morphological expression in the region. More numerous, although shorter, are the ENE faults. Total length of the ENE faults is greater than the total length of the NNW faults. Both sets are dominantly normal faults, indicating ENE extension for the NNW set and NNW extension for the ENE set. Field data indicate that displacement on the two fault sets has overlapped in time, as some NNW faults are younger than some ENE faults, which are supposed to be the younger ones. Seismicity in 1998 on a NNW fault indicates ENE active extension on the NNW faults. These observations support our interpretation that the northern Mexican Volcanic Belt lies on the boundary between the Basin and Range province, which is undergoing ENE extension, and the central Mexican Volcanic Belt province, which is undergoing northerly extension. The apparent overlap in space and time of displacements on the two fault sets reflects the difference in stress regime between the two provinces. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Air gun seismic and 3.5 kHz profiling data from the Gulf of Patras, western Greece, show that it is occupied by a small asymmetric graben with several geometric similarities to the larger-scale graben in the Gulf of Corinth to the east. Major listric faulting characterizes the southern flank of the graben whilst the northern flank represents an associated rollover structure affected by antithetic and synthetic faulting. The present phase of subsidence is of Holocene age, but buried growth faults suggest earlier subsidence in the Gulf. The average rate of subsidence through the Holocene is estimated to be 10 mm/year.The Gulf of Patras graben, together with the Gulf of Corinth graben and the Megara basin, represent a continuous system of WNW-ESE trending grabens in a broad zone of intense seismicity within the Aegean domain. Individual grabens are offset and are interconnected by NE-SW trending fault systems. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原中部第四纪左旋剪切变形的地表地质证据 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
在青藏铁路的格尔木—拉萨段进行的活动断裂调查发现,在沱沱河—五道梁之间宽约150km的地段内发育了多条由北西西向次级断层左列分布构成的北西西向和北西向左旋张扭性断裂带,在断裂带之间则发育"S"型的北东向裂陷盆地和雁列分布的菱形裂陷盆地,盆地边界断裂也为左旋张扭性质。上述断裂带和裂陷带主要形成于第四纪,它们构成了宽约150km的不均匀的左旋简单剪切变形域,该变形域的整体活动性较弱,属于弱的不均匀剪切变形域。但其中的二道沟断陷盆地是个例外,该盆地边界断裂的垂直活动速率约为0 5mm/a,左旋活动速率介于0 8～1 0mm/a之间。而在整个左旋剪切变形带累计的左旋走滑速率不会超过6mm/a,它们所调节的昆仑山与唐古拉山之间的地壳南北缩短量也可能仅占总缩短量的15%～30%。上述弱剪切变形域与强烈左旋走滑的昆仑断裂系共同构成了高原中部的左旋剪切变形带,它们在印度板块与欧亚板块强烈碰撞的构造动力学背景下,起着调节青藏高原南北向缩短的重要作用。 相似文献
7.
Sediment subduction versus accretion around the pacific 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Thomas W.C. Hilde 《Tectonophysics》1983,99(2-4)
Subducting oceanic plates are typically broken by normal faults as they bend downward into subduction zones, usually forming regular patterns of grabens. The faults strike parallel or subparallel to the trench axes and are most commonly 5–10 km in spacing and width. Rupture occurs initially near the outer topographic high and vertical displacement or graben depth increases as the plate descends, the 400 m or more at many trench axes. It is suggested that the grabens provide void spaces within the surface of the subducting plate, below the plane of subduction, into which the trench sediments are tectonically displaced and thus subducted. Around the Pacific, the only regions of apparent fore-arc sediment accretion are where the graben structures are missing or masked by thick sediment deposits. Even in these cases sediment subduction, by inclusion in subducting plate grabens or by other mechanisms, must be invoked to explain the relatively small fore-arc sediment volumes compared to calculated accretion volumes based on historical convergence. Where trench sediment volumes are small compared to the graben volumes the grabens may abrade the leading edge and underside of the overriding plate and subduct the eroded material. It is concluded that sediment subduction is dominant around the Circum-Pacific and that the bending-induced graben structures of the subducting plates are a major factor for sediment subduction and tectonic erosion. 相似文献
8.
We present a series of high-resolution seismic reflection lines across the Yizre'el valley, which is the largest active depression in Israel, off the main trend of the Dead Sea rift. The new seismic reflection data is of excellent quality and shows that the valley is dissected into numerous small blocks, separated by active faults. The Yizre'el valley is found to consist of a series of half grabens, rather than a single half graben, or a symmetrical graben. The faults are generally vertical and appear to have a dominant strike-slip component, but some dip-slip is also evident. A marked zone of compression near Megido is associated with the intersection of the two largest faults in the valley, the Carmel fault and the Gideon fault. Variable trend of the faults reflects the complexity of the local geology along the boundary between the wide NW–SE trending Farah–Carmel fault zone and the E–W trending basins and ranges in the Lower Galilee. This tectonic complexity is likely to result from a highly variable stress pattern, modified by the structures inside it. Normal faulting in the valley occurred at an early stage of its development as a tectonic depression. However, strike-slip motion on the Carmel fault, and possibly also on some of the other faults, appears to have started together with the onset of normal faulting. Earthquake hazard in the area appears to be uniform as faults are distributed throughout the Yizre'el valley. 相似文献
9.
青藏高原内部的近东西向伸展变形在藏南地区形成了一系列近南北向裂谷带,对其中最东端的错那-沃卡裂谷带南段错那-拿日雍错地堑调查结果表明,它是第四纪活动明显的半地堑式断陷盆地。控制该盆地发育的主边界断裂带是近南北走向、倾向东侧和长80～110km左右的盆地西缘正断层,是区域内N90°～92°E方向伸展变形的产物。断裂活动速率的多种估算结果表明,该断裂带百万年时间尺度的平均垂直活动速率介于0.2～0.9mm/a之间;MIS 8和MIS 6以来的断裂平均活动速率的合理估计值是0.6±0.2mm/a;但末次冰期盛冰阶以来的断裂平均活动速率明显增加,介于1.0～2.1mm/a之间,合理的估计值为1.3±0.3mm/a,末次冰盛期以来断裂垂直活动速率的增加极可能是该断裂带进入地震丛集期的反映。该地堑近于严格的南北走向及其与当雄-羊八井地堑相似的活动强度,指示了下地壳物质侧向流动所产生的纵向拉张作用最有利于该区近南北向裂谷带的形成。 相似文献
10.
《Geodinamica Acta》2001,14(1-3):45-55
Field studies on the Neogene successions in south of İzmir reveal that subsequent Neogene continental basins were developed in the region. Initially a vast lake basin was formed during the Early–Middle Miocene period. The lacustrine sediments underwent an approximately N–S shortening deformation to the end of Middle Miocene. A small portion of the basin fill was later trapped within the N–S-trending, fault-bounded graben basin, the Çubukludağ graben, opened during the Late Miocene. Oblique-slip normal faults with minor sinistral displacement are formed possibly under N–S extensional regime, and controlled the sediment deposition. Following this the region suffered a phase of denudation which produced a regionwide erosional surface suggesting that the extension interrupted to the end of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene period. After this event the E–W-trending major grabens and horsts of western Anatolia began to form. The graben bounding faults cut across the Upper Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine sediments and fragmented the erosional surface. The Çubukludağ graben began to work as a cross graben between the E–W grabens, since that period. 相似文献
11.
The Isparta Angle (IA) is a reverse Λ-shaped morphotectonic structure located to the north of Antalya Gulf in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. It resulted from the northward curvature of the originally E–W-trending Tauride orogenic belt owing to the nappe emplacements and related clockwise and anti-clockwise rotations in a time period of Early Paleocene to Early Pliocene. The IA is included in the southwest Anatolian tensional neotectonic domain and characterized by a series of grabens and horsts bounded by active normal faults of dissimilar length and trend. The evolutionary history of the graben-horst system is episodic. It is evidenced by two graben fills. These are older and modern (younger) graben fills separated by an intervening angular unconformity. The modern graben fill is nearly flat-lying (non-deformed) whereas older graben fill was deformed into a series of anticlines and synclines with ENE-trending curvi-linear axes by a short-term compressive tectonic regime operated in NNW–SSE direction during Late Pliocene. The diagnostic structures taking a part in the development of grabens and shaping the northern section of the IA are the margin-boundary normal faults. They occur in numerous single and several fault zones displaying a basin ward facing step-like land shape. Most of fault segments, particularly the master faults, are active and have a capacity of creating destructive earthquakes with a magnitude (up to Mw?=?7.0). This is evidenced by both the historical and instrumental period earthquakes. Both the focal mechanism solution of earthquakes and the stereographic plots of slip-plane data, measured on the active margin-boundary faults of various grabens comprising the IA, on the Schmidt lower hemisphere net obviously reveal that the IA is under the influence of the tensional neotectonic regime, not a compressive tectonic regime, i.e. the sinistral strike-slip shearing along the Pliny arc has not propagated yet onshore, and its commencement age is Early Quaternary. 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1401-1418
The Neogene–Quaternary succession in the Kütahya region is of importance in the neotectonic evolution of western Anatolia because the strata contain clear evidence of compression and extension. During the early-middle Miocene, N–S compression/transpression as well as NE–SW- and NW–SE-oriented oblique conjugate faults formed. NE–SW-oriented horsts and grabens developed, controlled by the dominant NE–SW faults. The Seyitömer and Sabuncup?nar grabens were filled primarily by terrestrial clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. At the end of the middle Miocene, the graben fill was locally folded and reverse faulted, reflecting reactivation of compression. Between the late Miocene and the middle Pliocene, the region underwent erosion and lacustrine sediments accumulated in topographic lows. Between the middle and late Pliocene, compression in the region was again reactivated and basal units were thrust over the pre-upper Pliocene units. The late Plio-Quaternary marked the onset of N–S extension and development of the NW–SE-oriented Kütahya Graben, co-genetic equivalents of which are common throughout western Anatolia. This study indicates that tectonic evolution of western Anatolia involved multiple stages of contraction and extension. 相似文献
13.
Can Ş. Genç Şafak Altunkaynak Zekiye Karacık Metin Yazman Yücel Yılmaz 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):45-55
AbstractField studies on the Neogene successions in south of ?zmir reveal that subsequent Neogene continental basins were developed in the region. Initially a vast lake basin was formed during the early-Middle Miocene period. The lacustrine sediments underwent an approximately N-S shortening deformation to the end of Middle Miocene. A small portion of the basin fill was later trapped within the N-S-trending, fault-bounded graben basin, the Çubukluda? graben, opened during the Late Miocene. Oblique-slip normal faults with minor sinistral displacement are formed possibly under N–S extensional regime, and controlled the sediment deposition. Following this the region suffered a phase of denudation which produced a regionwide erosional surface suggesting that the extension interrupted to the end of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene period. After this event the E–W-trending major grabens and horsts of western Anatolia began to form. The graben bounding faults cut across the Upper Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine sediments and fragmented the erosional surface. The Çubukluda? graben began to work as a cross garden between the E–W grabens, since that period. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):867-891
The well-known Pliocene to Quaternary Rio Grande rift of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado is distinctly different from the Miocene rift, especially in structural style. Prior to approximately 21 Ma, there was little extension or rift-basin development. Uppermost Oligocene and Lower Miocene strata were deposited as broad volcaniclastic aprons, with no significant evidence of syn-depositional faulting, in contrast to younger deposits. The only documented areas of extensional faulting and stratal rotation older than 21 Ma occur within or close to magmatic centers. Early rift basins (21-10 Ma) developed as half grabens progressively tilted in hanging walls of normal faults that primarily reactivated Laramide (Eocene) reverse faults: (1) the San Luis basin tilted eastward as the Sangre de Cristo normal fault reactivated westward-dipping Laramide reverse faults; (2) the Tesuque basin tilted westward as normal faults reactivated eastward-dipping Laramide reverse faults of Sierra Nacimiento and related features; and (3) the Belen basin experienced complex tilting as diverse normal faults reactivated variably dipping Laramide reverse faults. Some of these early-rift faults remain active, whereas others became inactive starting near 10 Ma, as new faults broke across Laramide and early-rift features. The Embudo transfer zone linked normal faults along the east side of the San Luis basin to the Pajarito, La Bajada, San Francisco, and Rincon fault zones at this time. Normal faults along the northwest side of the Miocene Tesuque basin became inactive at the same time that rapid uplift of the Sandia Mountains as a footwall block began at about 10 Ma. This shifting of normal-fault activity resulted in reversal of tilt direction from westward for the Miocene Tesuque basin to eastward for the modern Albuquerque basin. Uplift and erosion of early-rift deposits along the northwest side of the Albuquerque basin have resulted. This two-stage model for evolution of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico and southern Colorado is fundamentally different from previous two-stage models, which described Oligo-Miocene volcaniclastic aprons as “early rift deposits,” and related them to extensional structures. Rather, development of half grabens began around 21 Ma, with dominance of negative inversion of Laramide reverse and thrust faults. Regional change in extension direction led to the abandonment of some faults and the initiation of new faults at 10-8 Ma in the Rio Grande rift. The biggest change occurred in the Tesuque basin, as the western boundary fault became inactive during growth of the Jemez volcanic field, and the Sandia Mountains began their rapid rise as the northern Albuquerque basin tilted to the east. Continued regional uplift, and integration and incision of the Rio Grande and tributaries, have occurred during the last 5 million years, with the course of the river tending to follow the downdropped side of each modern half graben. 相似文献
15.
确定裂陷盆地伸展量的分数维法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脆性断层群落的位移具有分数维牲特征，此特征可以用于建立一种裂陷盆地伸估算的新方法，即分数维法。这种方法可以用于在地震反射剖面上不可的小型断层之寂滑移造成的伸展量大小，计算结果可以约合不同计算方法之间的差异，阐明小型断层在区域裂陷作用变形过程听重要意义。以二连断陷盆地群伸展量的确定为例，详细地介绍了这种方法的使用原理和步骤。 相似文献
16.
地表调查和初步的沉积物年代测试结果表明,晚第四纪期间,在安多-错那地堑中主要发育了分别形成于44.2kaB.P.和9～7kaB.P.左右的两套湖泊沉积物和约42kaB.P.以来的5套冲、洪积物。在安多-错那地堑的边界主要发育了包括安多南缘断裂、北缘断裂、错那湖东缘断裂和西缘断裂共4条第四纪正断层。其中活动强度最大的为安多北缘断裂,其第四纪最小垂直活动速率为0.24±0.02mm/a;其次为安多南缘断裂和错那湖东、西两侧边界断裂,它们的最小垂直速率分别为0.19mm/a,0.12～0.16mm/a和0.10～0.12mm/a。晚第四纪以来的断裂活动主要集中在平均垂直活动速率为0.41±0.22mm/a的安多北缘断裂带的西段。安多及邻区现今的地表构造格局及断裂带的几何学和运动学特征符合近南北向地壳缩短背景下由于近东西向伸展变形而引发的菱形断块发育模式。根据断层的活动速率估算结果,晚第四纪期间安多-错那地堑的平均伸展速率为0.25±0.15mm/a,而整个羌塘块体总的东西向伸展变形速率可能达到11±8mm/a。 相似文献
17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1803-1821
ABSTRACTIn the Central Anatolia, the style of neotectonic regime governing the region has been a controversial issue. A tectonic study was carried out in order to contribute to this issue and better understand the neotectonic stress distribution and style of deformation in the west-southwest of the Konya region. From Middle Miocene to Recent time, Konya region was part of the Central Anatolia extensional province. The present-day topography in the west-southwestern part of Konya is characterized by alternating elongate grabens and horsts trending E-W and NW-SE. The grabens were developed upon low-grade metamorphic rocks of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ages and ophiolite slabs of possibly Late Cretaceous age. The evolutionary history of grabens is episodic as evidenced by two graben infills; older and younger graben infills separated by an angular unconformity. The older infill consists of fluviolacustrine sequence intercalated with calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic rocks. This infill is folded; thrust faulted and Middle Miocene-Early Pliocene in age. The younger and undeformed basin fill comprises mainly of Plio-Quaternary conglomerates, sandstone-mudstone alternations of alluvial fan and recent basin floor deposits. Three major tectonic phases were differentiated based on the detailed mapping, morphological features and kinematic analysis. Approximately N-S trending extension began in the Middle Miocene-Early Pliocene in the region with the formation of E-W and NW-SE-trending grabens. Following NE-SW-directed compression which deformed the older basin fill deposits by folding and thrusting, a second period of ENE-WSW-trending extension began in the late Pliocene and continued to the present. The west-southwestern margin of the Konya depression is bounded by the Konya Fault Zone. It is an oblique-slip normal fault with a minor dextral strike-slip component and exhibits well-preserved fault slickensides and slickenlines. Recent seismicity and fault-related morphological features reveal that the Konya Fault Zone is an active neotectonic structure. 相似文献
18.
长江源地区近南北走向的地堑构造是该区现今最为显著的构造现象,也是青藏高原迄今发现的同类构造发育的最北部地区。长江源地区地堑构造包括温泉、常错、当拉错纳玛和沱沱河4个规模较大的近南北向地堑。断层年代学和断陷盆地沉积作用研究结果表明,研究区伸展变形至少自中新世末—上新世初就已开始,对长江源地区现今的地貌格局、水系型式具有显著的制约作用。长江源区主要水系是沿南北走向的地堑构造和正断层侵蚀发育而成的。青藏高原新生代伸展地堑构造是高原经历早期地壳强烈缩短变形之后,在深部动力学机制作用下快速隆升的产物。 相似文献
19.
依舒地堑汤原、方正断陷古近纪边界断裂活动特征 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
依舒地堑位于黑龙江省东部,为一新生代断陷盆地,汤原断陷和方正断陷为其两个面积较大的二级构造单元。通过对汤原断陷和方正断陷边界断裂的研究,可以进一步了解依舒断裂带的形成和演化过程。研究发现,在始新世-渐新世依舒地堑边界断裂的活动整体上具有多中心、不均衡的特征,汤原断陷东部的边界断裂为控盆断裂,方正断陷东、西两侧的边界断裂对盆地的发展都具有一定的控制作用,但西部边界断裂为主要控盆断裂。断层的生长指数分析表明,依舒地堑内部的北西向断裂与边界断裂的活动具有一致的规律性,都起到协调边界断裂演化发展的作用。依舒地堑边界断裂转换引张方向是由莫霍面梯度带的倾斜方向所决定,梯度带的倾向与地堑的整体伸展方向相同。 相似文献
20.
长江源区新生代地堑的构造特征与形成机制 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
长江源地区近南北走向的地堑构造是该区现今最为显著的构造现象,也是青藏高原迄今发现的同类构造发育的最北部地区.长江源地区地堑构造包括温泉、常错、当拉错纳玛和沱沱河4个规模较大的近南北向地堑.断层年代学和断陷盆地沉积作用研究结果表明,研究区伸展变形至少自中新世末-上新世初就已开始,对长江源地区现今的地貌格局、水系型式具有显著的制约作用.长江源区主要水系是沿南北走向的地堑构造和正断层侵蚀发育而成的.青藏高原新生代伸展地堑构造是高原经历早期地壳强烈缩短变形之后,在深部动力学机制作用下快速隆升的产物. 相似文献