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1.
戴蒙  严光生  刘翠  邓晋福 《地学前缘》2016,23(5):266-280
内蒙古满洲里地区的甲乌拉铅锌银矿区的成岩、成矿事件及其相互关系目前仍有很大争议。文中对矿区内与成矿密切相关的石英斑岩、闪长玢岩开展详细研究。锆石SHRIMP U Pb年代学研究表明:矿区致矿侵入体之一石英斑岩形成于(129±4.8) Ma,成矿晚(或后)期的闪长玢岩形成于约(124±2.5) Ma;认为铅锌银等成矿作用应发生于(129±4.8)~(124±2.5) Ma,为早白垩世末期。岩石地球化学特征显示石英斑岩具有高硅、高钾、贫钙等特征,TAS图上属于亚碱性系列,硅铁镁图上属于钙碱系列,硅钾图上属于高钾钙碱系列。轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的负铕异常。相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),且具有低Sr、高Y等特征。闪长玢岩同样展现出高钾、高铝、贫钙特征,TAS图上属于亚碱性系列,硅铁镁图上属于拉斑系列;轻、重稀土分馏明显,具明显负铕异常,但稀土总量较高;相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),同具有低Sr、高Y等特征。这些研究结果表明:石英斑岩具有火山弧的特征,主要来源于壳源的熔融;闪长玢岩具有活动大陆边缘弧的特征,主要来源于地幔的熔融,但经历了壳源的混染上述岩浆与甲乌拉的铅锌银矿;推测应为蒙古-鄂霍次克洋由俯冲向陆陆转换阶段产物。  相似文献   

2.
发育于造山带中的蛇绿岩,其剖面下部的地幔橄榄岩部分是造山带地区富集型上地幔的直接标本。其地球化学特点是:主要元素Al_2O_3、TiO_2、CaO、Na_2O、K_2O强烈亏损,而REE,痕量元素和87Sr/86Sr则强烈富集;同时,143Nd/144Nd<0.511836,亦表明它们属于一个富集型的源区。 形成富集型上地幔的主要机制是地幔交代作用,富含不相容元素的低熔岩浆和富Ca-LREE流体与已亏损的地幔橄榄岩发生脉状交代和渗透交代反应,从而造成上地幔中不相容元素的富集。造山带富集型上地幔形成的构造环境是:洋壳从扩张脊向两侧运移并最终拼入造山带这段时间内。富集型上地幔不但存在于大陆区,而且亦存在于造山带地区,它可能是一种全球性的地球内部的化学作用。  相似文献   

3.
云南个旧碱性岩体主要的岩石类型有碱性正长岩和似长石正长岩,其中,似长石正长岩中出现大量似长石矿物霞石、方钠石和碱性暗色矿物。本文根据矿物成分及特征,将这些似长石正长岩进一步划分为黑榴霞石方钠正长岩、霞石方钠正长岩、霞石正长岩及方钠霞石正长岩4类。岩石地球化学结果表明,4类岩石的地球化学行为整体表现出过碱质岩的特征,K2O+Na2O含量很高,为钾玄岩系列,同时表现出钾质的特点。分异指数高,呈现高度分异演化特点。稀土元素变化大,轻重稀土元素分异明显,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Th、U及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr大离子亲石元素,而P和高场强元素Ta、Ti亏损,同时Cr、Co、Ni含量非常低,具有中等的负Eu异常和微弱的负Ce异常。研究表明,似长石正长岩在岩浆演化过程中表现出明显的分离结晶作用特征,且岩浆起源温度较高,约为835℃,起源较深。个旧似长石正长岩为A型岩套A1亚型,结合构造判别图解,认为其可能来自角闪石或者金云母相矿物存在的富集地幔,形成于燕山晚期伸展的构造背景,岩浆在较高温度下高度结晶分异,并在侵位过程中伴随陆壳成分的混染。  相似文献   

4.
朱勤文  张双全 《现代地质》1999,13(2):137-142
在对滇西南昌宁—孟连带石炭—二叠纪火山岩和南澜沧江带二叠—三叠纪火山岩的微量元素和稀土元素研究的基础上,划分了岩浆作用类型和岩浆演化系列,探讨了岩浆源区成分特点。昌宁—孟连带玄武质岩浆的演化主要受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制;这些岩浆可以划分为3个岩浆演化系列:(1)稀土曲线平坦型的洋脊型拉斑玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于亏损型地幔;(2)稀土曲线中等富集型的准洋脊型拉斑玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于过渡型地幔;(3)稀土曲线强烈富集型的洋岛型碱性玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于富集型地幔。南澜沧江带弧火山岩的岩浆成因主要受分离结晶作用控制,也可以划分为3个岩浆演化系列:(1)二叠纪低钾拉斑—中钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列;(2)中南段的晚三叠世低钾拉斑—中钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列;(3)北段的晚三叠世钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列  相似文献   

5.
新疆东天山黄山东岩体岩石地球化学特征与岩石成因   总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5  
黄山东岩体位于东天山北部的土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中段,受康古尔塔格-黄山深大断裂控制,是由辉长闪长岩、角闪辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长苏长岩及二辉橄榄岩组成的复式岩体。主量元素化学组成部分属拉斑玄武岩系列,也有部分属钙碱性系列。大部分岩石相对富集LREE、适度亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素体系证明,岩浆遭受了5%~8%的中-上地壳物质的同化混染作用。岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈地幔物质组成。岩石圈根部拆沉和软流圈地幔上涌过程中生成了黄山东岩体。富铁硅酸盐的分离结晶作用对硫化物富集并分凝起到了关键性作用,成矿过程应该是岩浆自身演化过程的有机组成部分。  相似文献   

6.
新疆库米什早泥盆世侵入岩时代、地球化学及大地构造意义   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
详细的野外考察发现,新疆库米什地区发育强变形的花岗岩与辉长岩,花岗岩时代晚于辉长岩,两者相互交插,形成黑白相间的地貌格局。主要元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析表明,两者没有发生明显的地球化学同化混染。辉长岩轻稀土、不相容元素强烈富集,而重稀土、相容元素相对亏损,高的Sr含量及低的Rb/Sr比值表明岩浆来自强烈富集地幔源区,曾被源自沉积岩的流体混染,属于火山弧环境;HREE元素也存在分异,表明岩浆形成时涉及石榴石的形成。花岗岩锆石阴极发光结构研究显示,锆石内部普遍见浑圆状碎屑核,表明花岗岩可能为变质沉积岩经局部熔融形成;SHRIMPU_Pb测年结果表明岩体侵位时代为396±4Ma。结合其他地质资料,推测库米什变形侵入岩的形成与南天山洋的向北俯冲消减有关,早泥盆世时库米什地区属于俯冲带上盘活动陆缘环境,中、南天山地质单元的界线应位于库米什南、榆树沟蛇绿岩套以北。  相似文献   

7.
内蒙古西乌旗地区发育一套中酸性火山岩,空间展布特征显示其为大石寨组火山岩的西延部分。为查明该火山岩的形成时代及构造属性,对其进行了岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明该火山岩主要由安山岩及流纹岩组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其喷发时代为275~311 Ma,属晚石炭世–早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明中性岩富钙贫镁,富集LREE及K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta,具有弱Eu异常,安山质岩浆可能是由基性岩浆分离结晶形成的,但在形成过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。酸性岩贫钙镁,富硅碱,具有显著的Eu负异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,反映岩石成因与中下地壳的熔融及其后期的分离作用有关。在构造判别图解中,中性岩具有板内玄武岩特征,而酸性岩具有A2型花岗岩特征。结合区域已发表资料推断,西乌旗大石寨组火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,暗示古亚洲洋至少在早二叠世之前已经闭合。  相似文献   

8.
徐宿地区新元古代辉绿岩床的地球化学特征   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
同位素测年数据显示,徐宿地区的辉绿岩床是震旦纪早期和震旦纪晚期两次侵入的 产物。岩床多呈板状或楔状,为超浅成—浅成侵入体,其化学成分以高SiO2、CaO和低Al 2O3、MgO及(K2O+Na2O)为特征,属大陆拉斑玄武岩系列。稀土元素配分模式为轻 稀土富集型,但稀土元素分馏并不强烈。Rb、K、La等不相容元素富集,而Nb、Sr亏损明显 。δ18O值在6.63‰~9.93‰之间,多数>8‰。研究表明,该区基性岩浆来源于过 渡型地幔,主要通过部分熔融方式形成,在岩浆上侵过程中遭到陆壳或花岗质岩石的混染。  相似文献   

9.
北京西山地区分布着大量的髫髻山组火山岩,区域上髫髻山组被东岭台组角度不整合覆盖。西山地区火山岩样品的主要氧化物含量变化范围比较大,如: SiO2=51.94%~77.30%,Al2O3=12.85%~19.17%,Na2O=1.65%~5.82%,K2O=0.83%~4.52%,Fe2O3 =0.95%~9.30%,CaO=0.13%~7.08%,且主要氧化物的含量与SiO2具有线性相关关系。同时,这些火山岩具有LREE富集、HREE明显亏损、Eu异常不明显、高的Sr,Ba 含量和Sr/ Y,La/Yb 比值等特征。火山岩的钕同位素成分变化大,且相当富集(εNd=-11~-17),都分布在古老下地壳和富集地幔之间, 因此推断北京西山地区髫髻山组火山岩和东岭台组火山岩的形成与富集地幔起源的基性岩浆与古老下地壳组分相互作用有关。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究木吉村斑岩型铜(钼)矿床蚀变过程中元素的迁移规律,拟推流体演化规律,笔者通过对赋矿闪长玢岩体的强硅化带、钾长石化带、石英绢云母化带、青磐岩化带中分别取样测试分析,利用Grant方程定量探讨了各蚀变带围岩中主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素的带入、带出特征,结果表明:岩浆初始热液流体富K而贫Na。相对原岩(蚀变弱的青磐岩化带),在各蚀变带中Fe_2O_3、MgO、P_2O_5和TiO_2从深部强硅化带到浅部石英绢云母化带总体上由带出变为带入,SiO_2、MnO则与上述大体相反,FeO在各蚀变带主体为带出元素。各稀土元素从深部向浅部石英绢云母化带带入特征明显,同时各蚀变带在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线上表现出斜率一致的右倾型特征,说明轻重稀土分馏较明显,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。Cu和Mo在石英绢云母化带中富集尤为明显,其次在钾长石化带也明显富集,即海拔400~500 m为主要的Cu、Mo富集区。  相似文献   

11.
大别造山带南坡晚白垩世玄武岩源区地幔特征   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
大别造山带南坡中生代断陷盆地中出露大量晚白垩世碱性玄武岩类。因岩浆受结晶分异和陆壳混染影响微弱,其成分基本可代表本区原生玄武岩浆。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,本区玄武岩具有地壳富集组分Pb、K、Rb、Ba等的正异常和Nb、P、Hf等高场强元素的负异常。同位素和微量元素特征显示,玄武岩浆来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM+EM)混合源区。玄武岩源区地幔中Pb的富集和Nb、P、Hf等的亏损基本可由中国东部亏损地幔与榴辉岩的混合获得,由此揭示富集地幔端元组成特征可能与晚白垩世前造山带根部榴辉岩拆沉并参与地幔再循环有关。  相似文献   

12.
对富克山地区兴华渡口群岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究结果表明,5件样品:Si O_2=50.24%~54.66%,Al_2O_3=14.41%~17.36%,Ca O=6.5%~8.68%,Na_2O=2.62%~4.67%,K_2O=1.36%~2.29%,Na_2O+K_2O=4.09%~6.3%,稀土总量∑REE=108.33×10~(-6)~240.28×10~(-6),稀土元素配分模式表现为轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素相对亏损的右倾型曲线,具有弱的负铕异常。富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、P、Ti等)。锆石U-Pb测年结果表明其岩浆形成时代为晚寒武世—早奥陶世(486.6±3.3 Ma)。富克山地区兴华渡口群原岩岩石组合类型为基性火山岩,为一套晚寒武世—早奥陶世活动大陆边缘火山建造。  相似文献   

13.
赵军  张作衡  张贺  刘敏  洪为  蒋宗胜 《地质学报》2013,87(4):525-541
新疆阿吾拉勒山西段是伊犁石炭-二叠纪裂谷的重要组成部分,本文对该区下二叠统典型的双峰式玄武岩-流纹岩组合进行了系统的岩相学和岩石地球化学研究。岩石整体高Na2O、高Al2O3、低TiO2、富碱。玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、LREE和P,亏损高场强元素Th、U、Ta、Nb。粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、LREE、高场强元素Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti和P。玄武安山玢岩的蛛网图与粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩较为一致,但少量元素的特征与玄武岩相似。玄武岩浆来源于弱亏损地幔,并受到了下地壳物质的混染,而玄武安山玢岩、粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩则可能来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。双峰式火山岩的形成可能与上地幔玄武岩浆的底侵作用有关。裂谷演化导致的陆相火山活动持续到早二叠世晚期达到顶峰,中二叠世以后,构造环境由拉伸转为挤压,裂谷演化趋于终止。该区石炭纪末-早二叠世的裂谷活动与整个天山地区晚古生代的构造演化背景具有一致性。  相似文献   

14.
The Late Proterozoic calc-alkaline andesitic rocks of the Tassendjanet volcanic complex, north-western Hoggar, Algeria resemble the continental margin rocks and also are closely comparable to the Archaean andesites. Most Tassendjanet rocks were affected to various extents by low grade hydrous metamorphism which led to an increase of Na, P, Fe, Ti, and V and a decrease of Mg, Ca, Sr, Cr, and Ni. Although K, Rb, Ba, and Li are enriched in the majority of altered rocks, these elements are strongly depleted in the albitized Na-rich volcanics. REE are enriched in albitized andesites but their fractionation patterns remain unchanged. The trace element data are consistent with the derivation of the Tassendjanet andesites by partial melting of an upper mantle source enriched in LILE and presumably overlying the subduction zone.  相似文献   

15.
黑龙江省黑河地区广泛发育侏罗-白垩纪火山岩,但是该火山岩的岩石组合、成因和所表征的大地构造环境目前有很大的争议。本文对该套火山岩开展详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学等研究。该火山岩形成于早白垩世,主要以安山岩英安岩流纹岩为主,包含英安岩、安山岩、粗面岩、流纹岩、安粗岩、玄武安山岩、粗面英安岩、钾玄岩、歪长粗安岩,因此属于弧火山岩的组合。该区火山岩主要为亚碱性系列,岩石Na2O/K2O比值一般>1.2。A/CNK在1附近,为准铝质过铝质岩石。SiO2 TFeO/MgO图上既有钙碱性系列(包括低铁钙碱性系列),又有拉斑系列。SiO2 K2O图上主要为中钾钙碱高钾钙碱系列。SiO2 (Na2O+K2O-CaO)图上主要为钙碱系列、碱钙系列和碱性系列,在SiO2 MgO图中主要落入实验玄武岩的局部熔融范围和镁安山岩系列范围。痕量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素,K、La、Zr、Hf、Tb、Tm为峰,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Y、Yb等高场强元素。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为缓右倾型的模式,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土内部分馏不明显,具有微弱负Eu异常。大部分岩石具有高Sr低Y的特征,其中一些岩石具有adakite岩的特征。上述特征均指示弧火山岩的特征。结合构造环境判别认为该火山岩形成于与洋俯冲有关的环境。推测岩浆可能的源区为俯冲的洋壳、上覆的地幔楔、兴安弧的下地壳。  相似文献   

16.
The Vestfold Block, like other Archaean cratons in East Antarctica and elsewhere, consists predominantly of felsic orthogneiss (Mossel and Crooked Lake gneisses), with subordinate mafic granulite (Tryne metavolcanics) and paragneiss (Chelnok supracrustals). Two major periods of continental crust formation are represented. The Mossel gneiss (metamorphosed about 3,000 Ma ago) is mainly of tonalitic composition, and is similar to much of the roughly coeval Napier Complex in Enderby Land. The Crooked Lake gneiss was emplaced under high-grade conditions about 2,450 Ma ago and comprises a high proportion of more potassic rocks (monzodioritic and monzonitic suites), as well as tonalite and minor gabbro and diorite. Both Mossel and Crooked Lake gneisses are depleted in Y and have moderate to high Sr, Ce/Y, and Ti/Y, consistent with melting of a mafic source (?subducted hydrated oceanic crust) leaving major residual hornblende (± garnet). Most Crooked Lake gneisses are more enriched in incompatible elements (P, Sr, La, Ce, and particularly Rb, Ba, and K) than Mossel gneisses, suggesting derivation from a more enriched mafic source. The Vestfold Block contains few orthogneisses derived by melting of older felsic crustal rocks, in marked contrast to the Archaean Napier Complex and, in particular, southern Prince Charles Mountains. Both Mossel and Crooked Lake tonalites are strongly depleted in Rb, K, Th, and U, and have very low Rb/Sr and high K/Rb; more potassic orthogneisses are depleted in Th, U, and, to lesser extents, Rb. Tryne metavolcanics are depleted in Th and Rb, but appear to have been enriched in K (and probably Na), possibly during early low-grade alteration.  相似文献   

17.
This paper reports on the occurrence of layered Pan African dioritetonalite-granodiorite (DTG) rocks. The layering is marked by alternation of melanocratic (M) layers (diorites and tonalites) and leucocratic (L) layers (tonalites and granodiorites). M-samples have cumulus biotite+hornblende+relict pyroxene+plagioclase+K-feldspars+magnetite+apatite, and have transitional calc-alkaline and metaluminous affinities. They were derived from subduction-related magma enriched in Rb, Ba, K and LREE and depleted in Sr and Nb. L-samples have cumulus plagioclase+hornblende. They are enriched in Sr and depleted in Rb, Ba, K, Nb and LREE. They have calc-alkaline and peraluminous affinites.
The formation of the rhythmic layers of DTG composition can be attributed to periodical replenishment of pulses of basic magma into a more evolved acidic magma chamber under open system conditions. Field relations, mineralogy and element concentration among the M- and L-layers indicate that at the subduction zone, the ascending magma was contaminated with lower crustal materials (marginal basin metasediments) which led to LILE-enrichment, Nb-depletion and transition from calc-alkaline to alkaline and from metaluminous to peraluminous affinities as well.  相似文献   

18.
With a few exceptions, shales from the Archean Witwatersrand Supergroup (~2800 Ma) in South Africa are depleted in Na, Ca, LILE, REE and HFSE compared to Phanerozoic shales. Cr, Co and Ni are enriched in all Witwatersrand shales and Fe and Mg are high in shales from the West Rand Groups (WRG) and lower Central Rand Group (CRG). Shales from the CRG and uppermost WRG are enriched in Na, Al, LILE, REE, HFSE and transition metals relative to shales from the lower WRG. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for all Witwatersrand shales are enriched in light-REE and exhibit small to moderate negative Eu anomalies. A positive correlation of REE and Al2O3 contents in the shales suggests that REE are contained principally in clay minerals.Relative to shales from the CRG, shales from the WRG exhibit depletions of Na, Ca and Sr, a feature probably reflecting intense chemical weathering of their source rocks. CIA indices in Witwatersrand shales are variable (chiefly 70–98), even within the same shale unit. Such variations reflect chiefly variable climatic zones or rates of tectonic uplift in source areas with perhaps some contribution from provenance and element remobilization during metamorphism.Compared to present-day upper continental crust, all but the Orange Grove, Roodepoort, and K8 shales appear to have been derived from continental sources depleted in LILE, REE, and HFSE and enriched in transition metals. Computer mixing models based on six relatively immobile elements (Th, Hf, Yb, La, Sc, Co) and four source rocks indicate that the relative proportions of granite, basalt and komatiite increased with time in sediment source areas at the expense of tonalite. The contributions of basalt and komatiite appear to reach a maximum during deposition of the Booysens shale, and granite during deposition of the K8 shales and possibly during deposition of the Orange Grove shales.  相似文献   

19.
The paper reports data on the distribution of REE in metasomatic rocks, including those with corundum, that were formed during the exhumation of the rocks of the Belomorian Belt at 1.9–1.75 Ga. This process is thought to have occurred concurrently with the horizontal extension and tectonic denudation of the upper crust, which, in turn, induced the massive release of fluids. The latter formed two major groups of silicic metasomatic rocks. The deepest-sitting corundum-bearing and other mafic metasomatic rocks are enriched in REE, alkalis, and alumina compared to the host rocks. The coeval acid metasomatic rocks such as orthotectites are, conversely, depleted in REE (with positive Eu anomalies), mafic elements, and HFSE but are also enriched in alumina. These complimentary rocks are thought to have been produced early during the exhumation of deep rocks under the effect of reduced fluids whose genesis was related to decompression. The silicic metasomatic rocks of the second group (with muscovite) have elevated REE concentrations (with negative Eu anomalies) and were formed by already oxidized fluids at shallower depths. The fact that the corundum-bearing metasomatic rocks are enriched in REE (in spite of the ultrabasic composition of these rocks) suggests that they were generated in an extensional environment with the participation of deep fluids, which enriched the rocks in Al, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Zr, and LREE.  相似文献   

20.
研究中天山地块卡瓦布拉克杂岩带的成因,对重建中天山南缘古生代洋陆构造格局及其演变过程具有重要意义。在查明杂岩带中-基性岩主体岩类矿物学及岩石学特征的基础上,分析了该岩类的主、微量元素和Sr Nd Pb同位素组成。结果显示:其属于偏基性的富钠、低钾岩石系列,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、U、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr)和重稀土元素(HREE)。全岩Sr Nd同位素组成具有较低的锶初始比值(ISr=0706~0709)和较高的εNd(t)值(684~976),并具有较低的放射性成因铅同位素组成,初始铅同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb)i=18015~18239、(207Pb/204Pb)i=15573~15593、(208Pb/204Pb)i=37871~38207。结合前人研究成果和区域地质资料,认为其母岩浆应该来自被交代的年轻富集岩石圈地幔,代表岛弧岩浆,说明卡瓦布拉克杂岩带中-基性岩可能代表该区晚古生代岩浆弧的一部分。  相似文献   

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