共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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湖泊水体富营养化评价的改性灰色局势决策法 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
南四湖是我国主要的淡水湖泊之一,是山东省重要水源地。该地区自然资源条件优越,具有明显的区位优势,随着本地区能源基地的和社会经济高速发展。在水资源利用和煤炭资源开发中已产生或潜存很多环境问题,本文系统地综述了该地区存在的地下水位下降,水湖泊淤积,地面沉降与塌陷,水土流失和土壤盐渍化等一系列环境问题的状况,成因,发展,并针对性地提出了保护本地区水环境的基本策略。 相似文献
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人类活动是岩溶地面塌陷问题的主要诱导因素,其对岩溶地面塌陷区域地质造成了一定的不利影响。本文从已塌陷区域、未塌陷不稳定区域两个方面入手,结合检测、控制渗漏、坍塌坑处理、控制抽水等岩溶地面塌陷区域地质灾害的治理原则,提出了动力压深夯实、灌浆法、清除添堵法等多种岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害的治理方法,以便为岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害治理效果的提升提供有效的依据。 相似文献
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煤炭企业兼并重组整合可以提高煤炭产业的集中度,提高煤矿企业的单井规模和机械化水平,提高煤矿采区的资源利用率,对于提升煤矿安全管理水平,减轻环境破坏程度和提高环境保护力度都有积极的影响。煤矿兼并重组整合后,"绿色矿山"的建设可以大幅度减少对生态环境的影响和破坏。矿井开采方式的改变,可以促进煤炭资源的节约利用;地面生产工艺及环保措施的改进,可以促使地面扬尘得到完全治理;煤矿生产生活污水处理设施的增加,污水处理能力的增强,可以有效减少污水排放;煤矸石电厂、建材厂的建设,可以进一步增加对煤矸石治理力度;矿区绿化面积的增加可以降低粉尘改善空气质量;煤矿采空区塌陷治理有望求得实效;煤层气抽采和利用程度将进一步加强;且发展循环经济、产业结构的优化升级、"资源节约、环保理念"的深入人心,也将进一步促使资源开发与环境保护进入良性循环。 相似文献
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陕北煤矿塌陷及灾害简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着陕北能源基地的建设和煤炭资源的开采,采空区塌陷灾害越来越严重。2004年来,陕西数字地震台网记录到的塌陷事件也越来越多,塌陷事件有加速发展的趋势,简要分析了塌陷事件的时空特征、灾害特征及对策等。 相似文献
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介绍了鲁１５井及附近的矿井塌陷地震概况，利用鲁１５井水位对矿井塌陷地震响应的观测资料，分析了鲁１５井水位的塌陷地震前兆．指出大塌陷前的∑△Ｈ－ｔ和Ｎｏ－△ｔ曲线都有异常变化，而且这一变化出现在大塌陷前一个月左右，因此有可能利用鲁１５井的塌陷地震前兆对较大塌陷做出预测。 相似文献
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对山东省地面塌陷地质灾害进行了综合研究，给出了各类塌陷灾害在全省的分布情况，并分析了各类塌陷的形成条件，提出了地面塌陷灾害的防治对策。 相似文献
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利用河南新密超化镇某矿区布设的密集临时地震台网观测资料,通过微震震源精确定位手段,实现强干扰背景下该地区某煤矿地下开采面的定位追踪试验研究。微震定位后,爆破点位置的水平精度为±70m,垂直精度为±500m。试验研究结果表明,利用高密度数字地震台网资料,可较为准确地监测矿山地下开采面的动态变化,从而实现对矿产资源越界开采和小矿非法开采的有效制约和监督。同时,本次试验结果显示地震台网的监测控制范围受爆炸源能量、地下开采面的深度、监测区背景噪声、监测仪器的灵敏度和抗干扰能力等因素影响,试验结果可对今后矿区地震监测台网的合理布设提供有效指导。 相似文献
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在常规测井约束反演的的基础上,开展神经网络特征参数反演,将波阻抗等地震属性转化为与含水性更为密切的孔隙度、视电阻率数据体,使地震反演的地质属性与测井上的地质属性达到最优的相关性,从而实现应用三维地震对煤层顶板富水进行评价的目的。由于煤层顶板富水区的特殊性质,它同样也是地震后的易破坏层,因而对它的探明从抗震角度以及震害预测角度都是有价值的。以淮北某采区为例,通过孔隙度及电阻率的神经网络反演对研究区10#煤层顶板的富水性进行预测。反演结果表明采区北部发育一个强富水陷落柱,与钻孔揭示结果吻合。采区西部10#煤层顶板与第四系含水层呈不整合接触关系,神经网络反演结果预测为强富水区,同样与井下工程揭示富水特征吻合。利用多属性融合的神经网络反演可有效预测煤层顶板的富水特征,为煤矿安全生产以及抗震提供重要保障。 相似文献
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Coal resources and water resources play an essential and strategic role in the development of China's social and economic development, being the priority for China's medium and long technological development. As the mining of the coal extraction is increasingly deep, the mine water inrush of high-pressure confined karst water becomes much more a problem. This paper carried out research on the hundred-year old Kailuan coal mine's karst groundwater system. With the help of advanced Visual Modflow software and numerical simulation method, the paper assessed the flow field of karst water area under large-scale exploitation. It also predicted the evolution ofgroundwaterflow field under different mining schemes of Kailuan Corp. The result shows that two cones of depression are formed in the karst flow field of Zhaogezhuang mining area and Tangshan mining area, and the water levels in two cone centers are −270 m and −31 m respectively, and the groundwater generally flows from the northeast to the southwest. Given some potential closed mines in the future, the mine discharge will decrease and the water level of Ordovician limestone will increase slightly. Conversely, given increase of coal yield, the mine drainage will increase, falling depression cone of Ordovician limestone flow field will enlarge. And in Tangshan's urban district, central water level of the depression cone will move slightly towards north due to pumping of a few mines in the north. 相似文献
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The coal reserves of Limburg, The Netherlands, have been exploited until the mid-1970's, leading to significant land subsidence, a large part of which was due to ground water pumping associated with the mining activities. In 1994, when also the hydrologically-connected neighboring German mining activities ceased, all pumps were finally dismantled. This resulted in rising groundwater levels in the mining areas, continuing until today. Here we report the detection and analysis of heterogeneous surface displacements in the area using satellite radar interferometry. The lack of adequate terrestrial geodetic measurements emphasizes the value of such satellite observations, especially in terms of the temporal and spatial characterization of the signal. Since the lack of direct mine water level measurements hampers predictions on future consequences at the surface, we study the relationship between surface deformation and sub-surface water levels in an attempt to provide rough correlation estimates and map the mine water dynamics. 相似文献
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Opencast mining alters surface and subsurface hydrology of a landscape both during and post‐mining. At mine closure, following opencast mining in mines with low overburden to coal ratios, a void is left in the final landform. This final void is the location of the active mine pit at closure. Voids are generally not infilled within the mines' lifetime, because of the prohibitive cost of earthwork operations, and they become post‐mining water bodies or pit lakes. Water quality is a significant issue for pit lakes. Groundwater within coal seams and associated rocks can be saline, depending on the nature of the strata and groundwater circulation patterns. This groundwater may be preferentially drawn to and collected in the final void. Surface runoff to the void will not only collect salts from rainfall and atmospheric fallout, but also from the ground surface and the weathering of fresh rock. As the void water level rises, its evaporative surface area increases, concentrating salts that are held in solution. This paper presents a study of the long term, water quality trends in a post‐mining final void in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. This process is complex and occurs long term, and modelling offers the only method of evaluating water quality. Using available geochemical, climate and hydrogeological data as inputs into a mass‐balance model, water quality in the final void was found to increase rapidly in salinity through time (2452 to 8909 mg l−1 over 500 years) as evaporation concentrates the salt in the void and regional groundwater containing high loads of salt continues to flow into the void. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献