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1.
叠后地震反演方法适用于纵波和横波地震资料的反演,但对转换波地震资料却不适用。为了实现利用转换波剖面得到横波波阻抗信息,通过建立转换波反射系数和横波反射系数之间的关系,直接从转换波地震数据中获取横波反射系数,把转换波叠后波阻抗反演问题转化为横波波阻抗反演问题。基于测井约束反演原理,利用横波反射系数和转换波解释层位建立初始横波波阻抗模型,优选反演处理参数,实现转换波叠后横波波阻抗反演。含煤地层转换波横波波阻抗反演结果,为进一步研究岩性参数比属性奠定了基础。和横波勘探相比,转换波勘探施工方便,工作成本相对低廉,因此利用转换波叠后地震反演获得横波波阻抗,是一种经济的办法。但由于在计算横波反射系数时采用了近似公式,所以反演结果精度会受到一定影响。 相似文献
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Rayleigh面波各阶模式频散曲线对横波速度和层厚的敏感性探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Rayleigh面波勘探的目的在于有效利用频散曲线反演地层厚度及横波速度,而不同模式的频散曲线对横波速度和层厚的敏感性不同。通过求取介质参数变化10%后与参数不变化时的二组频散曲线的差值,得到各阶模式的频率～相速度差曲线,分析了Rayleigh面波各模式频散曲线对横波速度、层厚的敏感性。试验结果表明,基阶模式对于浅层的横波速度和层厚比较敏感,敏感区域主要集中在较窄的频带范围内。而高阶模式对于相对较深层的横波速度和层厚比较敏感,且频率范围分布较大,敏感性强的频段分布比较分散。研究结果可以为Rayleigh面波多模式联合反演提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
利用高频面波反演横波速度一直是浅地表地震工程研究的热点。为深入认识利用高频面波（瑞雷波和勒夫波）评价横波速度的能力,本文首先采取高阶交错网格有限差分法实现两层模型的瑞雷波和勒夫波数值模拟,并应用τ-p变换形成频散能量图。相比瑞雷波,不同模式的勒夫波频散能量很接近,这说明易于实现多模式勒夫波反演。然后利用线性映射实现广义模式识别这种非线性反演方法对含软弱夹层的四层模型的基模式、多模式瑞雷波和勒夫波的变厚度反演。若初始模型很拙劣,相比勒夫波,瑞雷波基模式反演不能重建地层中含有软弱夹层这一特征,瑞雷波多模式反演则可以重建这一特征;勒夫波基模式和多模式反演都可以重建这一特征。即使在地层的泊松比与估计值相差很大时,瑞雷波多模式反演仍能重建地层结构,但其频散曲线总是存在"模式接吻"现象,容易模式误判;而勒夫波反演则不用估计地层泊松比,也不存在"模式接吻"现象。一系列算例表明：高模式瑞雷波的加入会显著提高横波速度评价结果的精度;而高模式勒夫波的加入会令反演系统对半空间以上异常层的参数过于敏感,造成参数过度估计,但也会显著提升对半空间横波速度的评价能力。最后,应用本文方法实现了对实测勒夫波数据的分析。 相似文献
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浅地表低速异常体(如空洞)的精确探测一直是地球物理领域具有重要价值与挑战性的研究课题,对城市灾害评估与复杂条件下煤田地震勘探的浅地表精细建模具有重要意义。面波全波形反演适合浅地表高精度建模,然而在实际应用中仍存在诸多亟待解决的难题。针对面波全波形反演方法中多参数串扰、实际数据预处理、震源子波估计等关键问题,开发了一套完整的瑞雷波多参数全波形反演方法流程,以实现对浅地表空洞的精确探测。该方法中模型的横波速度、纵波速度和密度随反演进程均被同步更新,减弱后两个参数偏离真实值对横波速度反演精度的消极影响。采用伴随状态法构建的拟海森算子对梯度进行预处理以压制地表伪影、增强波场照明,提高对小尺度异常的表征能力。通过褶积因子消除波场正演与实际数据采集的维数差,实现3D波场到2D波场的转换。采用校正滤波方法估计震源子波,并在迭代进程中进行动态估计,以减弱特定参数模型不准确的影响。同时,该方法采用多尺度反演策略,减轻由低速异常引起的目标函数非凸性,提高反演稳定性。合成数据和实际案例测试结果表明,瑞雷波多参数全波形反演方法得到的横波、纵波速度模型、密度模型具有基本一致性,其中横波速度模型准确度最高。实测数... 相似文献
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东胜气田锦72井区盒1段储层纵向非均质性强,含气饱和度差异大,气水赋存状态多样,预测有效储层是目前勘探开发的关键问题。笔者结合测井数据,采用统计、对比研究方法,建立盒1段致密低渗储层流体测井响应特征及识别标准。理论证明,含气砂岩随着含气饱和度升高,纵波速度和横波速度都降低,但是纵波速度比横波速度变化大,因此,纵横波速度比降低。在此理论基础上,通过交会图分析,定量化识别出储层流体,同时采用纵横波速度比反演与纵波阻抗反演分析,明确了研究区盒1段气水分布规律及其空间展布特征,为研究区油气勘探提供依据。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2021,(4)
面波频散曲线反演是获得地下横波速度结构的重要地球物理方法。常规基于迭代最小二乘等线性反演方法依赖于初始模型,且存在多极值、容易陷入局部最小、反演精度低等问题。基于贝叶斯理论的随机反演方法是一种可以融合先验信息的非线性反演方法,该方法无需人为给定初始模型,仅利用先验信息对模型进行随机采样,根据概率分布筛选接受合适的后验概率密度估计结果,可达到对细节信息的准确估计。本文针对瑞利面波频散曲线,提出了基于GPR数据先验资料约束的贝叶斯马尔科夫蒙特卡洛(MCMC)随机反演方法,通过随机改变模型参数并计算其频散曲线与实际频散曲线的似然函数来选择是否接受新的模型参数,不断重复此过程,最终得到与实际频散曲线拟合效果最佳的最优解以及横波速度解的后验概率密度分布。通过理论模型以及实际数据反演测试,验证了该方法与常规无约束的随机反演相比,可以有效地提高反演速度和反演精度。 相似文献
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基于不同地球物理数据对地下结构不同的敏感性和数据分布,联合地球物理反演可以减少反演的非唯一性和提高反演模型的可靠性。在研究中,利用噪声成像得到的地震面波相速度,并结合当地的布格重力异常数据对四川地区的岩石圈速度结构进行了联合成像研究。地震面波频散数据主要对地下岩石的横波速度敏感,而重力数据对地下介质的岩石密度有很好的约束性,为了将两种数据归并统一到同一个联合反演系统中,利用了地震波速度和岩石密度之间的经验关系。基于面波和重力联合反演成像算法,得到了四川地区岩石圈的三维横波速度模型。该模型不仅与地表已观测到的地质特征有较好的吻合性,而且能够比较好地拟合面波数据和重力数据,新的模型对于研究四川地区的地震灾害有着重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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瑞雷波是分布在自由表面附近的P-SV面波,具有强振幅、低频、频散的特征,常用于工程物探,而在油气勘探及深部探测中常作为一种"干扰"波,会影响地震资料的信噪比,需要将面波净化处理。为实现面波衰减,本文将工程物探方法和石油物探技术相结合,通过面波频散曲线反演获得高精度的近地表模型,在三维近地表横波速度模型基础上进行面波正演,利用面波模型自适应匹配相减的方法将其减去,在不伤及有效波的情况下将面波的影响降至最低,一定程度上避免了常规面波衰减方法伤及有效波、损失低频弱信息、导致资料有效频带变窄、对地震构造解释及反演造成负面影响等缺点。最后应用实际数据验证了本研究方法的有效性。 相似文献
9.
横波速度由于更能直接反映岩石的物理性质,从而在许多工程、环境和地下水勘查中有重要作用.多道面波分析方法(MASW)是一种新技术,通过求得的一维近地表横波速度剖面构建一个二维横波速度场,从而准确探测近地表介质情况.针对该方法数据的采集,提出了一种检波器排列自动安置的技术(自动安置排列),即使用牵引车辆的液压驱动装置在几秒内自动安置几十个检波器,并将其与传统安置排列的方法做了比较,结果表明,自动安置排列技术可用于多道面波分析方法,而且可以大大减少多道面波分析方法的采集时间和费用. 相似文献
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济阳坳陷横波速度研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着多波勘探的发展,横波已越来越多地应用在实际勘探生产中,横波速度参数研究对于指导勘探是十分必要的.笔者利用纵横波VSP测井得到的纵横波速度,根据最小平方误差建立的速度模型,建立了济阳坳陷的纵波、横波、转换波速度参数,应用转换波速度参数提高了盐家地区的多波资料解释精度;利用多种资料总结出纵横波速度关系,为本区今后开展多波勘探提供基础资料. 相似文献
11.
纵横波速度反演在气层识别中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出一种部分叠加资料的反演方法。部分叠加资料保留了原有的大量信息,在测井及构造层位的约束下,建立最符合地下实际情况的初始模型。通过非线性最优化理论,采用逐道外推技术,能同时反演出每一个点更准确的纵波和横波速度,进而可以求得纵横波速度比及泊松比,为储层预测和储集层内的流体识别提供丰富的弹性参数信息。 相似文献
12.
Jianghai Xia Richard D Millerg Xu Yixian Luo Yinhe Chen Chao Liu Jiangping Julian Ivanov Chong Zeng 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(3)
High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannei recording sys-tem have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave tech-niques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a nou-iuvasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (Q), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or Q) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution. 相似文献
13.
Joint inversion of 2D resistivity and seismic travel time data to image saltwater intrusion over karstic areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The simultaneous inversion of multiple geophysical data types has been proven to be a powerful tool to both improve subsurface imaging and help in the interpretation process. The main goal of this paper was to develop joint inversion strategies to provide improved resistivity and seismic velocity images for delineating saline water zones in karstic geological formations. The cross-gradient constraint approach was adopted to jointly invert resistivity and seismic first arrival data. The basic idea of this approach is to quantitatively estimate the structural similarity between resistivity and seismic velocity models, using the cross product of their gradients and to achieve a unified geological model which satisfies both data sets. Initially, synthetic data were employed to help develop a joint inversion strategy to be used over such complex geological structures. The proposed strategy uses a weighting factor for the cross-gradient constraints and separate damping factors for the resistivity and seismic data. This strategy was applied successfully on field data from the karstic region of Stilos, Crete, Greece. 相似文献
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We constructed the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle (10–100 km) beneath the North China based on the teleseismic data recorded by 187 portable broadband stations deployed in this region. The traditional two-step inversion scheme was adopted. Firstly, we measured the interstation fundamental Rayleigh wave phase velocity of 10–60 s and imaged the phase velocity distributions using the Tarantola inversion method. Secondly, we inverted the 1-D S-wave velocity structure with a grid spacing of 0.25° × 0.25° and constructed the 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the North China. The 3-D S-wave velocity model provides valuable information about the destruction mechanism and geodynamics of the North China Craton (NCC). The S-wave velocity structures in the northwestern and southwestern sides of the North–South Gravity Lineament (NSGL) are obviously different. The southeastern side is high velocity (high-V) while the northeastern side is low velocity (low-V) at the depth of 60–80 km. The upwelling asthenosphere above the stagnated Pacific plate may cause the destruction of the Eastern Block and form the NSGL. A prominent low-V anomaly exists around Datong from 50 to 100 km, which may due to the upwelling asthenosphere originating from the mantle transition zone beneath the Western Block. The upwelling asthenosphere beneath the Datong may also contribute to the destruction of the Eastern Block. The Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone (ZPFZ) may cut through the lithosphere and act as a channel of the upwelling asthenosphere. A noticeable low-V zone also exists in the lower crust and upper mantle lid (30–50 km) beneath the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan (BTT) region, which may be caused by the upwelling asthenosphere through the ZPFZ. 相似文献
17.
裂缝密度是定量预测裂缝性储层的重要参数之一。Varela利用方位角上的反射系数,运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度。笔者将不同方位角测线中两两相交测线的反射系数做差,对反射系数差值运用SVD方法反演HTI介质裂缝密度,各向异性参数在做差后的反射系数中具有更显著的作用。笔者首先针对2种方法的基本原理进行了阐述,然后进行数值计算,并对反射系数存在随机扰动情况下2种方法的反演结果进行对比,最后对笔者提出的改进方法进行稳定性分析。反演结果显示：噪声较小时,2种方法的反演结果都接近真实值,然而当增大噪声时,改进的方法比原方法反演结果更好,因此改进的方法比原方法更具有抗噪能力;随着相交测线夹角的增大,改进的方法受随机扰动影响的稳定性增强,在方位正交时受随机扰动的影响最小;纵波高信噪比AVA数据越多,反演的结果越稳定。 相似文献
18.
电磁资料在柴达木盆地东部地区石炭系勘探中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以柴达木盆地东部新采集的电磁资料为基础,同时以钻井、地震资料为约束,结合其他勘探资料、重力资料进行柴东地区石炭系综合研究、联合解释。研究过程中,首先对电磁资料进行了前期的预处理和反演,主要采用了一维Bostick反演、一维连续介质反演、二维共轭梯度反演、二维连续介质反演及最优化电性分层等反演技术;而后通过对电磁资料进行联合解释和综合研究,得出了柴达木盆地东部石炭系厚度图、石炭系埋深图等柴东地区综合研究成果;最后利用上述研究成果预测了柴达木盆地东部石炭系含油气有利区带,并且进一步针对柴达木盆地东部石炭系勘探提出了有意义的结论和建议。 相似文献
19.
Crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity structure beneath the Bransfield Strait (West Antarctica) from regional surface wave tomography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Regional surface wave tomography in the sub-Antarctic Scotia Sea is helpful in revealing the nature of the crust and the S-wave seismic velocity profile beneath the Bransfield Strait. The joint use of our regional network, global seismographic network stations and local temporary arrays provide better lateral resolution than that obtained in our previous studies concerning the Scotia Sea region.Tomographic analysis of data obtained using 10 broad band seismic stations and more than 300 regional events, shows that the Bransfield Basin is characterised by a strong group velocity reduction of 8% with respect to the surrounding areas, in the period range from 15 s to 50 s.The crustal and upper mantle models of the eastern, central and western Bransfield Basin are obtained by joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love local dispersion curves from 15 s to 50 s. In addition our data set is expanded to a broader period interval (1–80 s), in central Bransfield Strait in order to better constrain the upper mantle and shallow crust.The main results can be summarized as follows: (a) the crust thins distinctly from W toward E; the variation is consistent with the type of volcanism, earthquake distribution and bathymetric observations, (b) low upper mantle velocities (soft lid) extend down to depths exceeding 70 km as a consequence of elevated temperatures, (c) the crust beneath the central Bransfield Basin displays continental characteristics with a gradually increasing S-wave velocity distribution versus depth analogous to the East African Rift structure of Kenya, (d) negative velocity gradients are present in the lower crust beneath the eastern Bransfield Basin; these could be interpreted as magmatic bodies originating from decompression melting of the mantle. 相似文献
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This paper seeks to reconstruct the parameters of elastic layered media such as P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density and thickness from the multioffset seismic reflection data. Since the data are highly non-linear to the low-wavenumber components, the non-linear waveform inversion method, with the aid of generalized ray theory, is proposed to solve this problem in space–time domain. As opposed to the layer-stripping method, the present method attempts to invert all layer parameters simultaneously, thus reducing the cumulative errors resulting from the upper layers. The parameters are inverted by minimizing the weighted square error between the observed data and the calculated data of the layered model, the optimization of which is based on the quasi-Newton method. In synthetic tests, we find that the inverted results are good when the variation of parameters between layers is not too large. The modified method for large variation of parameters is first to fix those of deeper layers and neglect the signals reflected from them, then recover some other parameters simultaneously until those of upper layers attain a stable value, and finally, invert all parameters simultaneously. The results so obtained show a significant improvement. This method was tested to be stable in the presence of noise in seismograms. 相似文献