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1.
A series of three-dimensional finite element analyses of deep excavations with the integrated system between buttress walls and diaphragm walls was conducted to investigate the effect of the buttress wall intervals, treatments, locations, height, and thickness on limiting deformations induced by deep excavation. The integrated retaining system was formed by maintaining buttress walls when soil was excavated. The wall deflection control mechanism of the integrated retaining system mainly came from the combined stiffness between the buttress wall and the diaphragm wall. In addition, the ground settlement control mechanism came from the combined stiffness between the buttress wall and the diaphragm wall, and the frictional resistance between the buttress wall and the surrounding soil. For achieving 50% reduction in the wall deflection and the ground surface settlement, the length and intervals of buttress walls that were applied to the integrated retaining system were at least 4 and 8 m, respectively. When the deflection at the diaphragm wall head was well restrained, for example, by the floor slab, the position of the buttress wall head could be located at a depth the diaphragm wall starts to bulge out. In such a case, the performance between the full height and limited height of buttress walls was quite close. Furthermore, a new well-documented excavation project was analyzed to verify the performance of the integrated retaining system. Results showed that the integrated retaining system worked excellently if the joints between buttress walls and diaphragm walls were constructed properly. 相似文献
2.
Installation of buttress walls against diaphragm walls has been used as an alternative measure for the protection of adjacent buildings during excavation, but their mechanism in reducing movements has not yet been fully understood. This study performs three-dimensional finite element analyses of two excavation case histories, one in clay with T-shape buttress walls and another in dominant sand with rectangular buttress walls, to establish analysis model. Then, a series of parametric study were performed by varying soil types, types and length of buttress walls based on the above-mentioned excavations. Results show that the mechanism of buttress walls in reducing wall deflections mainly came from the frictional resistance between the side surface of buttress wall and adjacent soil rather than from the combined bending stiffness from diaphragm and buttress walls. The buttress wall with a length <2.0 m had a poor effect in reducing the wall deflection because the soil adjacent to the buttress wall had almost the same amount of movement as the buttress wall, causing the frictional resistance little mobilized. Since the frictional resistance of buttress walls in a deep excavation has fully been mobilized prior to the final excavation depth, the efficiency of buttress walls in reducing the wall deflection in a deep excavation was much less than that in a shallow excavation. Rectangular shape of buttress walls was of a better effect than T-shape in the shallow excavation because frictional resistance between buttress walls and adjacent soil played a major role in reducing the wall deflection rather than bearing resistance of the flange. When the excavation went deeper, the difference in reducing the wall deflection between the R-shape and T-shape became small. 相似文献
3.
Previous plane strain analysis of a case history has shown that cross walls in an excavation can effectively reduce movements induced by deep excavation. This study performed three-dimensional numerical analyses for 4 deep excavation cases with different installations of cross walls, including different excavation depths, cross wall intervals and cross wall depths. Both the observed and computed wall deflections for the 4 cases were compared with those of the same excavations that were assumed with no cross walls installed to demonstrate the effectiveness of cross walls in reducing lateral wall deflections. The results show that the cross wall also had a corner effect similar to that of the diaphragm wall. The deflection of the diaphragm wall was smallest at the location of the cross wall installed and then increased with the increasing distance from the cross wall, up to the midpoint between two cross walls. Many factors such as in situ soil properties, diaphragm wall properties, construction procedure, cross wall depth and so on may affect the amount of reduction in lateral wall deflections due to the installation of cross walls. Under the same condition, the amount of reduction was highly dependent on the depth of cross walls, distance to the cross walls and the cross wall interval. 相似文献
4.
Numerous studies have been devoted to the performance of excavations and adjacent facilities. In contrast, few studies have focused on retaining wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering. However, considerable inward cantilever deflections were observed for a diaphragm wall in a pre-excavation dewatering test based on a long and narrow metro excavation, and the maximum deflection reached 10 mm (37.6% of the allowable wall deflection for the project). Based on the test results, a three-dimensional soil–fluid coupled finite element model was established and used to study the mechanism of the dewatering-induced diaphragm wall deflections. Numerical results indicated that the diaphragm wall deflection results from three factors: (1) the seepage force around the dewatering well and the soil–wall interaction caused the inward horizontal displacement of the soil inside the excavation; (2) the reduced total earth pressure on the excavated side of the diaphragm wall above approximately 1/2 of the maximum dewatering depth disequilibrated the original earth pressure on both sides of the diaphragm wall; and (3) the different negative friction on the excavated and retained sides of the diaphragm wall led to the rotation of the diaphragm wall into the excavation. 相似文献
5.
Three-dimension finite element analyses of deep excavations with buttress walls were performed to evaluate the effect of buttress wall shapes on limiting movements induced by deep excavation. Results showed that a combination of the rectangular and the capital L-letter shapes (RL-shape) yielded the greatest performance in reducing wall deflections and ground surface settlements. The main deformation-control mechanism mainly came from the horizontal and vertical frictional resistances of buttress walls against adjacent soils which were pushed by wall deflections and the soil heave at the excavation bottom, respectively. Besides, the RL-shape buttress walls were successfully verified through a well-documented case history. 相似文献
6.
Previous studies have shown that use of cross walls in deep excavations can reduce the wall deflection to a very small amount. However, design of cross walls is costly because the deflection behavior of the diaphragm wall with cross walls is in nature three dimensional. The objective of this study was to establish a simplified approach used as a first approximation to design cross walls such that the lateral wall deflection can satisfy a design criterion. A series of parametric studies using a three-dimensional numerical method was performed to obtain the influence factors on wall deflections, including excavation geometry, wall system stiffness, axial stiffness of strut, axial stiffness of the cross wall, normalized undrained shear strength of clay and the cross wall depth. Then, a simplified formula for predicting the wall deflection for excavations without and with cross walls was established using multivariate regression analysis, respectively. The formulas were validated through 36 excavation cases without cross walls and 12 cases with cross walls. The simplified formulas can be used to develop a spreadsheet that estimates the cross wall sizes and intervals based on the entered excavation geometry, material properties of retaining-strut system, in situ undrained shear strength and tolerable wall deflection. The estimated cross wall sizes and intervals should be verified by an appropriate full numerical analysis. 相似文献
7.
Vincenzo Pane Diego Bellavita Manuela Cecconi Alessia Vecchietti 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):765-780
The paper presents a methodology aimed at reducing—or even avoiding—the risk of heave and uplift failures of reinforced concrete diaphragm walls. The method is based on the simple concept of increasing the drainage capacity of the embedded portion of the retaining walls. The behaviour of a strutted excavation in a cohesionless soil below groundwater is examined by means of two distinct series of numerical analyses, respectively focused on the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of the retaining system. It is shown that, for some frequent cases, such methodology is capable to improve the safety of the retaining system with respect to both hydraulic and geotechnical limit states. 相似文献
8.
Several case studies have revealed that the installation of cross walls in excavations can effectively reduce the amount of wall deflection and ground settlement. However, the behaviour of the diaphragm wall due to the installation of the cross walls is still unclear. This study performed a series of 3D numerical studies of wall deflections for deep excavations with cross walls and studied the effects on the wall deflection of several parameters, including the number of cross walls, the distance to the cross wall, the cross wall interval, the cross wall height and the cross wall embedment. The results presented in this study can be used as a first approximation for cases in which cross walls are designed to reduce the wall deflection induced by deep excavation. 相似文献
9.
One of the most important factors in optimized design of non-yielding retaining walls like basement walls and bridge abutments is to determine the exact variation of earth pressure acting on such walls. In this paper, the distribution of at rest earth pressure behind a laboratory model of a fixed and rigid retaining wall with a cohesionless dry backfill is measured under the effect of static and repeated loads. The same conditions of the experimental model are then simulated numerically with a two-dimensional finite-difference analysis computer code. For the purpose of model verification, the results of numerical model are compared to the results of the experimental model, which is similar in geometrical and geomechanical properties. Cyclic surcharges with different amplitudes and frequencies are applied in different distances from the wall, and the earth pressure distribution, the resultant force, and its point of application are investigated. The effect of soil and loading parameters on the at rest earth pressure is also evaluated, and a parametric study has been carried out. The results of model show a significant increase in the earth pressure due to cyclic loading compared to static loading, especially in the initial cycles of loading. It indicates that the effect of cycling nature of loading should be essentially taken into account in the design of retaining walls. 相似文献
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11.
对武汉市某超大型超深基坑10幅邻近地连墙跳跃式施工过程进行了三维有限差分数值模拟。数值模拟步骤依次为泥浆护壁成槽开挖、混凝土浇筑及混凝土硬化3个过程。泥浆护壁成槽开挖及混凝土浇筑分别采用常静液压力和变静液压力的方式加载,混凝土的硬化过程采用变弹性模量和泊松比的线弹性实体单元完成。数值计算结果与实测数据吻合较好。对单个跳跃式开挖过程墙上土压力的监测揭示了地下连续墙施工影响应力重分布的变化规律。模拟施工完成后10幅地下连续墙上的土压力值沿墙长度方向随静止土压力值上下波动,波谷出现在槽段连接处附近,波峰接近槽段中心轴,波动幅度大小与土体深度有关。分析表明,泥浆压力、混凝土灌注压力及土压力差值是影响墙后应力重分布波动幅度的主要原因,适当的泥浆重度及合理的注浆方式能避免土体扰动。 相似文献
12.
以成昆铁路复线加筋土挡墙为工程依托进行现场原位试验,对比分析工后9个月内新型整体式面板、内嵌返包结构的模块式面板和模块式面板3类加筋土挡墙的结构特性。在此期间发生两次地震,监测了震后挡墙变形及土压力变化。结果表明:整体式面板加筋土挡墙整体稳定性最好,具有良好的抗震性能,格栅应变变化率、墙体压缩量和墙面水平位移均最小。整体式面板和模块式面板加筋土挡墙墙背土压力沿墙高近似呈M型,内嵌返包结构的模块式面板加筋土挡墙墙背土压力沿墙高近似呈倒S型。整体式面板加筋土挡墙的侧向土压力系数沿墙高变化较小,小于美国联邦公路局(FHWA)加筋设计指南计算值;内嵌返包结构的模块式面板加筋土挡墙侧向土压力系数沿墙高呈增大的趋势,挡墙中、下部小于FHWA计算值,上部接近或大于静止土压力系数;模块式面板加筋土挡墙侧向土压力系数大部分处在FHWA计算值与静止土压力系数之间。3类挡墙土工格栅应变沿墙高均呈非线性变化。挡墙墙体压缩量随着时间的增加逐渐增加,在工后前50 d时间内增加速率较快,随后增加速率减缓,进入雨季之后增加速率再次增大。发生地震后,3类加筋土挡墙均出现不同程度的墙背土压力减小、格栅应变增大、墙体压缩量增加和墙面板外移的现象。 相似文献
13.
通过室内模型试验,实测得到试验条件下,天然地基和刚性桩复合地基作用在不允许有位移的刚性挡土墙上的侧向土压力;通过与天然地基对比分析,获得了刚性桩复合地基的侧向土压力特性及分布规律。结果表明,刚性桩复合地基中桩的参与（包括桩的荷载深层传递作用、桩负摩擦区的影响和桩体对桩间土水平附加应力的“遮拦”作用等）使复合地基侧向土压力大小和分布规律明显区别于天然地基;在给定荷载水平下,刚性桩复合地基的侧向土压力值低于天然地基,侧向土压力影响范围较天然地基作用位置更深;在试验条件下,刚性挡土墙距离建筑物0.35～1.4 m范围内,当荷载水平达到地基承载力特征值时,刚性桩复合地基作用在刚性挡土墙上的总土压力和附加土压力约为天然地基的43.3%～80.1%和15.9%～59.8%。 相似文献
14.
The influence of a diaphragm wall construction on the stress field in a soft clayey soil is investigated by the use of a three‐dimensional FE‐model of seven adjacent wall panels. The installation procedure comprises the excavation and the subsequent pouring of each panel taking into account the increasing stiffness of the placed fresh concrete. The soft clay deposit is described by a visco‐hypoplastic constitutive model considering the rheological properties and the small‐strain stiffness of the soil. The construction process considerably affects the effective earth and pore water pressures adjacent to the wall. Due to concreting, a high excess pore water pressure arises, which dissipates during the following construction steps. The earth pressure finally shows an oscillating, distinct three‐dimensional distribution along the retaining wall which depends on the installation sequence of the panels and the difference between the fresh concrete pressure and the total horizontal earth pressure at rest. In comparison to FE‐calculations adopting the earth pressure at rest as initial condition, greater wall deflections and surface ground settlements during the subsequent pit excavation can be expected, as the average stress level especially in the upper half of the wall is increased by the construction procedure of the retaining structure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
已有的刚性挡土墙上三维被动土压力的研究主要基于挡土墙平移模式(T位移模式)下开展的，而对挡土墙绕顶转动模式(RT位移模式)下三维被动土压力的研究尚不充分。因此，该文采用数值方法系统地研究了RT位移模式下三维被动土压力及三维空间滑裂面性状。针对无黏性土体，得到了挡土墙宽度与深度比值、土体摩擦角大小和墙土接触面摩擦角比值对三维被动土压力系数及墙后土体滑裂面的影响，并与T位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和墙后土体的空间滑裂面形态进行了定量的比较。研究结果表明:RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和空间滑裂面形态均受土体内摩擦角及墙土接触面摩擦角比值的影响，且两者之间存在相互联系。RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数和空间滑裂面形态与T位移模式下有显著的区别；RT位移模式下的三维被动土压力系数及空间滑裂面相比于T位移模式下较小。研究成果可为RT位移模式下三维被动土压力的进一步研究和相关工程设计提供参考。 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a numerical analysis of the influence of initial stress state on the response of deep excavation supported by retaining wall. Indeed, the influence of diaphragm wall installation prior to excavation works may affect the soil response and lateral wall deflection induced by excavation process. The first part of this paper gives a short review of the numerical methods aimed to reproduce the retaining wall installation. Numerical analysis of a deep excavation in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional conditions is then performed according to the methods previously presented. In three‐dimensional conditions, diaphragm wall installation is performed considering a sequence of panels, described by their number and length. Results of three‐dimensional calculations confirm that stress state is disturbed by wall installation, which has a sensitive effect on the ground response induced by soil excavation. It is also noted that these results are not easily reproduced in two‐dimensional conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):231-244
ABSTRACTBackfills behind retaining walls are often made of collapsible soils, which are subjected to wetting by surface running water or by rising the groundwater table. Collapsible soil shows considerable strength when it is dry or at a relatively low degree of saturation and experiences excessive and sudden settlement when it is inundated. This paper presents an experimental investigation on walls retaining overconsolidated collapsible soil subjected to passive earth pressure. A prototype model of a vertical wall, retaining horizontal backfill was developed. Collapsible soil was prepared in the laboratory by mixing kaolin clay with fine sand. The model was instrumented to measure the total passive earth force on the wall, the passive earth pressure at strategic locations on the wall, and the overconsolidation ratio of the soil in the testing tank. The state of passive pressure was developed by pushing the wall horizontally toward the backfill without any rotation. Tests were conducted on walls retaining overconsolidated collapsible soil at the dry and at full saturation conditions. Results showed that for the dry state, the passive earth pressure increases with the increase of the collapse potential and overconsolidation ratio, and was significantly dropped at full saturation. 相似文献
18.
超深基坑土压力监测成果分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土压力是基坑支护结构上的主要水平荷载形式。实际工程中由于土压力的大小受各种因素的影响而与理论值相差悬殊,在基坑支护设计时土压力的取值直接与支护结构未来的安全稳定性相关。通过对润扬长江公路大桥北锚碇深基坑工程土压力监测资料进行分析,得出坑壁土压力随开挖进行具有不同的分布形式,这对同类工程可靠性设计以及研究土-结构相互作用机制均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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20.
Earth pressure diagram and field measurement of an anchored retention wall on a cut slope 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
To utilize space more effectively for constructing apartments, roads, infrastructure, etc., excavation work is typically found
in slope areas. An anchored retention wall has been installed because of the presence of soil slopes behind the walls and
unsymmetrical excavation sections. An instrumentation system is normally applied on the anchored retention walls of slopes
to observe and estimate lateral earth pressure acting on anchored walls. The earth pressure acting on the wall is decreased
with increasing the deformation of the wall during the progress of excavation work. An earth pressure diagram acting on the
anchored walls can be presented approximately as a trapezoid. The earth pressure at the ground surface is larger than zero.
Also, the earth pressure is increased linearly from the ground surface to 15% of total excavation depth and then keeps constant.
The earth pressure acting on the anchored retention walls installed on the cut slope is higher than that of the horizontal
ground surface behind the wall, owing to the surcharge load of the slope soils. 相似文献