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粒状材料被广泛地应用到土木工程的各个领域。大部分粒状材料在外力作用下较容易产生颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎对材料的力学性能有很大的影响。为了更好地描述易破碎粒状材料的力学特性,基于弹塑性力学和临界状态土力学开发了一种能够考虑颗粒破碎效应的本构模型。此本构模型能够考虑在剪应力和压应力作用下引起的颗粒破碎对粒状材料力学性能的影响。为了考虑颗粒破碎的影响,基于对Cambria 砂的高压试验,得出了临界状态线位置与消耗塑性功之间的关系,并称之为“破碎方程”。此本构模型拥有双屈服面,分别考虑剪切和等向压缩产生的塑性变形。通过试验结果与数值计算结果的对比得出,新的本构模型能较好地描述易破碎粒状材料的力学特性 相似文献
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粒状土的微观结构和微观力学被认为是其宏观力学和体积特性的内在根本因素,近年来得到越来越多的关注和研究。离散单元法作为一种研究颗粒材料的数值模拟计算方法,比试验方法快捷、简便、经济,而且能够容易得到在实验室试验中很难或无法得到的更多重要的微观结构和微观力学的信息,近年来得到越来越多应用。本文介绍了离散单元法对土的微观特性研究的一些最新方法和进展,对数值建模中的一些重要方面如比重(质量)放大、树脂薄膜模拟等方面进行了阐述,对离散单元法在土的微观结构分析(如颗粒旋转、颗粒位移、中尺度孔隙率分布)的一些最新研究作了分析和介绍。分析表明,离散单元法是研究粒状土的微观特性的一个有力工具,可以对土的宏观特性从微观角度得到更好的解释和认识。 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):79-89
Mechanical properties of granular materials can be significantly improved by the inclusion of small amounts of short synthetic fibres. This phenomenon has been experimentally studied before by many researchers who have found that the shear strength of a granular material can be significantly improved. This study presents a visualisation of the phenomenon using discrete element method (DEM) simulations of direct shear tests conducted on mixtures of an idealised granular material and randomly oriented fibres. Snapshots showing the deformation of the samples, the velocity vectors of the particles and the force chains produced inside the samples are presented at different stages of the tests. Changes in shear strength and porosity are also illustrated. It was found that the reinforcement produced depends mostly on the rigidity of the fibres. 相似文献
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岩土颗粒材料在达到Mohr-Coulomb塑性极限之前可能已经发生了没有明显局部损伤的全域准均匀破坏,即分散性失稳。近年来,网络科学工具在颗粒材料环境中的应用为研究其失稳破坏现象提供了有趣新颖的洞见。采用离散单元法对不同初始密实度的颗粒体系进行等体积应变加载路径的数值试验,发现初始状态越松散的颗粒体系越有可能发生分散性失稳;采用网络科学的理论和方法分析颗粒接触网络的拓扑结构特性和演化规律,发现颗粒材料分散性失稳的结构根源是颗粒接触网络完全崩塌。将颗粒体系划分为强、弱接触系统以构建强接触子网络、弱接触子网络和强−弱接触子网络,研究颗粒接触网络及其3个子网络的特征量演化,结果表明：当颗粒材料开始处于不稳定状态时,易受扰动的弱接触系统的部分接触先失效,导致强接触系统失去其稳定支撑作用而降低承载能力。随着加载的继续,系统通过非局部的自组织过程导致接触结构的全面崩塌,最终触发整体分散性失稳。因此,先于整体失稳的部分弱接触的失效,可视为颗粒材料分散性失稳的关键性临界征兆。 相似文献
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Acta Geotechnica - The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) of granular materials is crucial for many emerging engineering applications, such as permeable pavement and methane hydrate... 相似文献
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While most research has mainly focused on the volume change, flow, and shear strength of unsaturated earth materials, investigations of tensile strength of unsaturated earth materials especially granular materials have not received much attention except for cemented and clayey materials. Thus, direct tension experiments were carried out to quantify the actual magnitude of tensile strength induced by water in moist granular soil at especially low water contents (w<4%). The magnitudes of the measured tensile strength are significantly different from zero. A simple experimental tensile strength model is proposed. Practicing engineers can use this model for approximate estimation of the tensile strength of unsaturated granular soils without experiments and for precise design or analysis of most engineered facilities relying on the unsaturated granular soils in the vadose zone. The experimental data are also compared with a theoretical model developed for monosized spheres at low water contents, and its application for a real granular earth material having a variety of particles is discussed. The nonlinear behavior of the tensile strength for moist granular soil is appropriately simulated with a model. 相似文献
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S. D. N. Lourenço Y. Saulick S. Zheng H. Kang D. Liu H. Lin T. Yao 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(1):1-14
Wettability is a fundamental property controlling the extent of wetting in flat and granular solids. In natural soils, wettability affects a wide variety of processes including infiltration, preferential flow and surface runoff. In mineral processing, wettability is paramount in enhancing the efficiency of separation of minerals from gangue. The manipulation of surface wettability is equally crucial in many industrial applications. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces are those on which water drops roll off easily and as such are used for self-cleaning applications. Therefore, while wettability is strongly cross-disciplinary, its evolution has been discipline-specific with a direct extrapolation or transfer of concepts, approaches, and methods to ground engineering unlikely to remain valid. This paper synthesizes relevant aspects from surface chemistry, materials science, mining engineering, and soil science, and discusses their implications within the context of new granular materials that resist wetting, for use in barriers or ground improvement and, in unsaturated soils, where the effects of wettability have been documented. 相似文献
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Equivalent continuum strain calculations based on 3D particle kinematic measurements of sand 
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下载免费PDF全文 Siavash Amirrahmat Khalid A. Alshibli Maha F. Jarrar Boning Zhang Richard A. Regueiro 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):999-1015
Constitutive modeling of granular materials has been a subject of extensive research for many years. While the calculation of the Cauchy stress tensor using the discrete element method has been well established in the literature, the formulation and interpretation of the strain tensor are not as well documented. According to Bagi, 1 researchers mostly adopt well‐known continuum or discrete microstructural approaches to calculate strains within granular materials. However, neither of the 2 approaches can fully capture the behavior of granular materials. They are considered complementary to each other where each has its own strengths and limitations in solving granular‐mechanics problems. Zhang and Regueiro 2 proposed an equivalent continuum approach to calculating finite strain measures at the local level in granular materials subjected to large deformations. They used three‐dimensional discrete element method results to compare the proposed strains measures. This paper presents an experimental application of the Zhang and Regueiro 2 approach using three‐dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a sheared Ottawa sand specimen. Invariant Eulerian finite strain measures were calculated for representative element volumes within the specimen. The spatial maps of Eulerian octahedral shear and volumetric strain were used to identify zones of intense shearing within the specimen and compared well with maps of incremental particle translation and rotation for the same specimen. The local Eulerian volumetric strain was compared to the global volumetric strains, which also can be considered as an averaging of all local Eulerian volumetric strains. 相似文献
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粒状材料的强度与变形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
颗粒破碎的特征表明,颗粒破碎具有分形特征,是影响粒状材料变形与强度的主要因素,根据颗粒破碎的分形模型可以建立粒状材料的变形与强度理论。假定粒状材料是均匀的D维分形体,由此导出粒状材料的抗张强度公式,并用来估算颗粒在给定压力下的破碎几率。颗粒破碎增加了单位体积颗粒的表面积,即颗粒的比表面能量增加,根据颗粒破碎过程中的能量守恒导出粒状材料一维压缩变形的表达式。 相似文献
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颗粒级配对粗粒土强度与变形特性影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用三维颗粒流软件PFC3D的内置FISH语言,进行二次开发,模拟粗粒土级配,建立一个研究高铁填方路基粗粒土变形特性的颗粒流模型。通过粗粒土三轴试验,标定了表征粗粒土细观力学性质的模型参数,并验证了模型的有效性。考虑粗粒土曲率系数和不均匀系数对颗粒级配的影响,模拟并研究了5种不同级配下粗粒土在3种不同围压下的变形特性。试验结果表明,曲率系数对粗颗粒土变形特性影响较大,当其有效粒径与中值粒径及限制粒径的差距过大时,粗粒土中颗粒填充及致密性将变差,变形增大,强度降低。以较大曲率系数与较大不均匀系数组合的粗粒土受力性能较好,但此种级配的粗粒土压缩性大。级配良好且不均匀系数较大,其应力链分布越均匀,颗粒的挤压效果越显著,力的传递和分配也越均匀。 相似文献
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充填散体的压缩承载和传力特性对防控充填开采矿山的地表变形具有重要意义。通过河卵石、碎石、尾矿、河砂、尾砂5种散体材料和7组不同粒径河卵石的侧限压缩试验,以及河卵石数值模拟压缩试验,分析了其压实过程和粒径对其变形、承载的影响,揭示了散体压缩过程中的传力特性。结果表明：散体压缩过程可分为空隙压密、颗粒破碎压密和压实固结3个阶段,且散体类型和粒径对其非线性压实过程基本没有影响,但对其内部结构重组过程有较大影响;压缩过程中,存在一个临界密实度使不同粒径河卵石的承载能力次序发生反转,且河卵石散体平均变形模量与颗粒特征因子呈负指数关系;基于河卵石数值模拟压缩试验得到的散体内部力链强度分布和“压力拱”,很好地证实了室内压缩试验中散体垂直应力沿加载方向呈递减的趋势,以及侧向应力在整个散体高度上先增后减这一试验结果。 相似文献
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The mechanical behavior of granular materials is characterized by strong nonlinearity and irreversibility. These properties have been differently described by a variety of constitutive models. To test any constitutive model, experimental data relative to the nature of the incremental stress–strain response of the material is desirable. However, this type of laboratory data is scarce because of being expensive and difficult to obtain. The discrete element method has been used several times as an alternative to obtain incremental responses of granular materials. Crushable grains add one extra source of irreversibility to granular materials. Crushability has been variously incorporated into different constitutive models. Again, it will be helpful to obtain incremental responses of crushable granular materials to test these models, but the experimental difficulties are increased. Making use of a recently introduced crushing model for discrete element simulation, this paper presents a new procedure to obtain incremental responses in discrete analogs of granular crushable materials. The parallel probe approach, previously used for uncrushable discrete analogs, is here extended to account for the presence of crushable grains. The contribution of grain crushing to the incremental irreversible strain is identified and separately measured. Robustness of the proposed method is examined in detail, paying particular attention to aspects such as dynamic instability or crushing localization. The proposed procedure is later applied to map incremental responses of a discrete analog of Fontainebleau sand on the triaxial plane. The effect of stress ratio and granular state on plastic flow characteristics is highlighted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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离散态颗粒物质具有明显不同于普通固体的界面摩擦特性,而摩擦系数是界面摩擦特性的主要表征参数之一。通过倾斜仪开展不同级配条件下颗粒材料的滑动摩擦试验,基于视频图像解析以及函数拟合方法,建立滑动位移与滑动时间的最佳函数拟合关系,分析滑动过程的加速度并推算底面动摩擦系数,研究颗粒粒径、质量配比等级配因素对颗粒材料底面动摩擦系数的影响。研究结果表明:(1)各级配颗粒材料的平均底面动摩擦系数随着运动时间的增加均呈线性减小趋势;(2)对于单粒径材料,与粗颗粒相比,细颗粒具有较大的底面动摩擦系数;(3)对于双粒径材料,随着细颗粒含量的增加,颗粒材料的平均底面动摩擦系数先急剧降低至最小值(细颗粒含量≤40%),后急剧增加(细颗粒含量40% ~60%),最终增加趋势明显变缓(细颗粒含量≥60%)。 相似文献
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颗粒级配对粒状材料不排水力学特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究颗粒级配对粒状材料不排水力学特性的影响,采用两种形状自相似度很高的材料（玻璃球和Hostun砂）进行了一系列传统三轴不排水压缩试验。对于每种材料,保持相近的相对密实度制作了6个不同颗粒级配（不均匀系数 1.1～20）的试样,然后进行剪切。试验结果表明,颗粒级配对粒状材料的不排水力学性能存在明显影响：两种材料试样的偏应力水平随着不均匀系数的增加而降低,抗剪强度随着材料的不均匀系数 的增加而降低,并在 5后呈现出趋稳势态。基于不排水剪切试验中颗粒集合体二阶功的演化规律,对材料受荷载过程中出现不稳定性的条件进行分析。结果表明,在相同密实度下,粒状材料的静态液化潜能随着材料不均匀系数 的提高而增强,高不均匀系数的材料变得不稳定。 相似文献
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The critical state is significant to the mechanical behaviors of granular materials and the foundation of the constitutive relations. Using the discrete element method (DEM), the mechanical behaviors of granular materials can be investigated on both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. A series of DEM simulations under true triaxial conditions have been performed to explore the critical state and dilatancy behavior of granular materials, which show the qualitatively similar macroscopic responses as the experimental results. The critical void ratio and stress ratio under different stress paths are presented. A unique critical state line (CSL) is shown to indicate that the intermediate principal stress ratio does not influence the CSL. Within the framework of the unique critical state, the stress–dilatancy relation of DEM simulations is found to fulfill the state-dependent dilatancy equations. As a microscopic parameter to evaluate the static determinacy of the granular system, the redundancy ratio is defined and investigated. The results show that the critical state is very close to the statically determinate state. Other particle-level indexes, including the distribution of the contact forces and the anisotropies, are carefully investigated to analyze the microstructural evolution and the underlying mechanism. The microscopic analysis shows that both the contact orientations and contact forces influence the mechanical behaviors of granular materials. 相似文献
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颗粒材料数值样本的坐标排序生成技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
颗粒材料离散颗粒模型的数值模拟结果与颗粒材料的数值样本密切相关,随着离散单元在颗粒材料数值模拟领域的广泛应用,颗粒材料的数值样本生成技术日益受到重视。基于RSA模型研究如何使随机生成的颗粒材料更密实,对均匀颗粒而言亦即如何在指定区域内生成更多的颗粒,讨论了4类修正方案,并建议了一种基于坐标排序的样本生成技术。研究表明,在传统的颗粒体随机生成技术基础上,通过对随机生成的x坐标序列或y坐标序列进行排序,可使生成的颗粒材料数值样本更密实。 相似文献
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As we transition into an era of data generation and collection, empirical summaries in the classical continuum modeling of granular materials cannot take full advantage of the increasingly larger data sets. This work presents a data-driven model for modeling granular materials, with the material data being extracted from discrete element method (DEM) simulations. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network is then employed to learn the mechanical behaviors of granular materials from the material dataset. Particular emphasis is placed on three elements: modification of LSTM unit cell, phase space sampling, and material history parameterization. The LSTM unit cell is modified so that the initial hidden state can be specified as the initial states of granular materials. Massive DEM simulations are performed to consider the effects of particle size distribution, initial density, confining pressure, and loading path on the mechanical behaviors of granular materials. The history-dependency of the granular materials is well represented by the architecture of the LSTM network and internal variable-based history parameterization. We compare the model predictions against DEM simulations to assess the performance of the proposed data-driven model. The results demonstrate that the model can predict the material behaviors of granular materials with different microstructures and initial states and reproduce the material responses under complex nonmonotonic loading paths. This data-driven model exhibits good generalization ability and high prediction accuracy in various situations.
相似文献19.
土的结构性是决定土的力学特性的一个最根本的因素,正是由于土的结构性的存在,连续体力学理论用于岩土材料存在明显不足,沈珠江将土体结构性的研究提到“21世纪土力学的核心问题”的高度,但由于土的结构性的复杂性,缺乏测试方法,还没有找到土结构性的定量指标。选择结构特征相对简单的粗粒土作为研究对象,探索建立其力学体系的方法和途径。粗粒土的结构性（称之为组构）主要体现在颗粒的排列特征方面,采用CT测试技术和DDA数值分析方法初步解决了粗粒土组构的量化问题,对粗粒土多种受力过程进行了CT三轴试验和数值模拟,取得了粗粒土的组构信息及其变化,为构成合理的组构量、研究粗粒土组构量与宏观力学响应之间的相互关系、探讨粗粒土的变形机理和力学特征奠定了基础,并侧重介绍粗粒土CT三轴试验成果,展示三轴试验过程中颗粒运动规律。 相似文献
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强黏结土体或胶凝砂砾石料等颗粒材料的颗粒间存在较大黏结力,在低应力情况下主要由颗粒接触特性决定颗粒材料的宏观蠕变特性。基于颗粒细观力学方法,研究了二维各向同性颗粒材料的蠕变特性。首先引入速率相关的力与位移关系描述颗粒材料细观颗粒间特性。其次,运用Laplace变换,将时间域内的线黏弹性颗粒材料细观均匀化问题转化为拉氏空间内线弹性颗粒材料细观均匀化问题,随后基于颗粒材料线弹性问题在Reuss、Voigt和一般位移场三种假设下的解,通过Laplace逆变换得到颗粒材料相应的宏观蠕变特性解析模型,并建立了材料蠕变特性的上下限。最后,通过理论模型的解析解与商业软件（PFC2D）的数值结果的对比,验证了理论模型的合理性。 相似文献