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1.
地下水质量的优劣是影响水资源可利用性的一个重要方面,因此对地下水水质进行合理评价是水资源开发利用、保护的依据。本文根据水质评价的特殊性,就模糊模式识别模型进行了改进,将改进的模糊模式识别模型应用于江阴市地下水水质综合评价,将评价结果与基于熵权法赋权的模糊综合评价及传统模糊综合评价结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:模糊模式识别方法对地下水水质评价问题具有较高的数值稳定性和适用性,模糊模式识别法评价的水质级别趋于平均化、中间化,本文提出的模糊模式识别理论模型应用于典型案例地区地下水水质评价是有效可行的。 相似文献
2.
Suitability assessment of shallow and deep groundwaters for drinking and irrigation use in the El Khairat aquifer (Enfidha, Tunisian Sahel) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The El Khairat aquifer is an important groundwater aquiferous system, which is considered a major source for drinking and
irrigation water in Enfidha in Tunisian Sahel. The analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics provides much important
information useful in water resources management. Assessing the water quality status for special use is the main objective
of any water monitoring studies. An attempt has been made for the first time in this region to appreciate the quality and/or
the suitability of shallow and deep groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In order to attend this objective, a total of
35 representative water samples were collected during February 2007 from both boreholes (17) and wells (18); and analyzed
for the major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium) and anions (chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, and nitrate)
along with various physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, total dissolved salts, and electrical conductivity).
Based on the physico-chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium
carbonate (RSC), percentage of sodium (Na%), and permeability index (PI) were calculated. In addition to this, iso-concentration
maps were constructed using the geographic information system to delineate spatial variation of qualitative parameters of
groundwater samples. The correlation of the analytical data has been attempted by plotting different graphical representations
such as Piper, Wilcox, and US Salinity Laboratory for the classification of water. The suitability of the water from the groundwater
sources for drinking and irrigation purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with
World Health Organization guideline values for drinking water. A preliminary hydrochemical characterization shows that most
of the groundwater samples fall in the field of calcium–magnesium–chloride–sulphate type of water. Majority of the samples
are not suitable for drinking purposes and far from drinking water standards. The high EC value and the percentage of Na in
most of the groundwater render it unsuitable for irrigation. Wilcox classification suggested that around 50% of both deep
and shallow groundwater samples are unsuitable for irrigation. According to the US Salinity Classification, most of the groundwater
is unsuitable for irrigation unless special measures are adopted. 相似文献
3.
Groundwater is the most important natural resource used for drinking by many people around the world, especially in rural areas. In Tunisia, since the quantity and the quality of water available for different uses is variable from one place to another, groundwater quality in El Khairat deep aquifer was evaluated for its suitability for drinking purposes. To this end, an attempt has been made for the first time in order to determine spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters and to identify places with the best quality for drinking within the study area based on: (1) an integrated analysis of physical?Cchemical parameters, (2) use of Geographical Information System, and (3) Water Quality Index (WQI) calculation. The physical?Cchemical results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health, in order to have an overview of the present groundwater quality. According to the overall assessment of the basin, almost all the parameters analyzed are above the desirable limits of WHO. Using GIS contouring methods with Arcview 3.2a, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, TH, Cl, HCO3, SO4, NO3, Ca, Mg, Na, and K have been created. The spatial analysis of groundwater quality patterns of the study area shows that the TDS value increases from north-west to south-east following the general trend of the Khairat aquifer flow direction. The spatial distribution map of TH shows that a majority of the groundwater samples falls in the very hard category. WQI was used to assess the suitability of groundwater from the study area for human consumption. From the WQI assessment, over 82% of the water samples fall within the ??Poor?? and ??Very poor?? categories, suggesting that groundwater from the south-eastern of the El Khairat deep aquifer is unsuitable for drinking purposes. 相似文献
4.
Geographic Information System and groundwater quality mapping in Panvel Basin,Maharashtra, India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Panvel Basin of Raigarh district, Maharashtra, India is the study area for groundwater quality mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area is typically covered by Deccan basaltic rock types of Cretaceous to Eocene age. Though the basin receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity problems as well as water quality problems in some specific areas. Hence, a GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out in the region with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected from the basin. Groundwater samples show quality exceedence in terms of chloride, hardness, TDS and salinity. These parameters indicate the level of quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Idrisi 32 GIS software was used for generation of various thematic maps and for spatial analysis and integration to produce the final groundwater quality map. The groundwater quality map shows fragments pictorially representing groundwater zones that are desirable and undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes. 相似文献
5.
自20世纪20年代以来,出现了30多种水质评价的研究方法。但由于水质等级与评价因子间复杂的非线性关系,以及水体污染的模糊性和随机性,地下水水质评价至今没有一个被广泛接受的评价模型。现阶段,地理信息系统（GIS）技术被广泛应用到水质评价中,在此基础上提出了一系列新的水质评价模式和理论。文章以大牛地气田区浅层地下水为研究对象,利用ArcGIS技术,将GIS与改进的模糊综合评价模型结合,建立基于GIS的地下水水质模糊综合评价模型,并应用于研究区地下水水质评价。同时将基于GIS的模糊综合评价结果和传统的内梅罗指数法进行对比,验证新方法在地下水水质评价工作中的合理性与可靠性。结果表明:（1）大牛地气田浅层地下水水质状况总体良好,以Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类水为主,局部地区浅层地下水中氨氮超标,水质较差;（2）模糊综合评价法与GIS的有效结合,实现了地下水水质模糊综合评价的系统化和可视化;（3）相对于内梅罗指数法,基于GIS的地下水水质模糊综合评价模型综合考虑了各评价因子对水质的影响,能够更加客观、合理地评价研究区地下水水质。 相似文献
6.
Suitability assessment of deep groundwater for drinking and irrigation use in the Djeffara aquifers (Northern Gabes,south-eastern Tunisia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohsen Ben Alaya Salwa Saidi Thouraya Zemni Fouad Zargouni 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3387-3421
The multilayered Djeffara aquifer system, south-eastern Tunisia, has been intensively used as a primary source to meet the growing needs of the various sectors (drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes). The analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics provides much important information useful in water resources management. Detailed knowledge of the geochemical evolution of groundwater and assessing the water quality status for special use are the main objective of any water monitoring study. An attempt has been made for the first time in this region to characterize aquifer behavior and appreciate the quality and/or the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. In order to attend this objective, a total of 54 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed during January 2008 for the major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium), anions (chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate), trace elements (boron, strontium and fluoride), and physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity). The evolution of chemical composition of groundwater from recharge areas to discharge areas is characterized by increasing sodium, chloride and sulfate contents as a result of leaching of evaporite rock. In this study, three distinct chemical trends in groundwater were identified. The major reactions responsible for the chemical evolution of groundwater in the investigated area fall into three categories: (1) calcite precipitation, (2) gypsum and halite dissolution, and (3) ion exchange. Based on the physicochemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters such as sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percentage of sodium, residual sodium carbonate, residual sodium bicarbonate, and permeability index (PI) were calculated. In addition, groundwater quality maps were elabortaed using the geographic information system to delineate spatial variation in physico-chemical characteristics of the groundwater samples. The integration of various dataset indicates that the groundwater of the Djeffara aquifers of the northern Gabes is generally very hard, brackish and high to very high saline and alkaline in nature. The water suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values for drinking water. Piper trilinear diagram was constructed to identify groundwater groups where the relative major anionic and cationic concentrations are expressed in percentage of the milliequivalent per liter (meq/l), and it was demonstrated that the majority of the samples belongs to SO4–Cl–Ca–Na, Cl–SO4–Na–Ca and Na–Cl hydrochemical facies. As a whole, all the analyzed waters from this groundwater have revealed that this water is unsuitable for drinking purposes when comparing to the drinking water standards. Salinity, high electric conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentages indicate that most of the groundwater samples are inappropriate for irrigation. The SAR vary from medium (S2) to very high (S4) sodicity. Therefore, the water of the Djeffara aquifers of the northern Gabes is dominantly of the C4–S2 class representing 61.23 % of the total wells followed by C4–S3 and C4–S4 classes at 27.27 and 11.5 % of the wells, respectively. Based on the US Salinity Classification, most of the groundwater is unsuitable for irrigation due to its high salt content, unless certain measures for salinity control are undertaken. 相似文献
7.
Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in upland sub-watersheds of Meenachil river, parts of Western Ghats, Kottayam, Kerala, India
was used to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. The
study area is dominated by rocks of Archaean age, and Charnonckite is dominated over other rocks. Rubber plantation dominated
over other types of the vegetation in the area. Though the study area receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity
as well as water quality problems. Hence, a Geographical Information System (GIS) based assessment of spatiotemporal behaviour
of groundwater quality has been carried out in the region. Twenty-eight water samples were collected from different wells
and analysed for major chemical constituents both in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to determine the quality variation.
Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl), nitrate
(NO3) and phosphate (PO4) were determined. A surface map was prepared in the ArcGIS 8.3 (spatial analyst module) to assess the quality in terms of
spatial variation, and it showed that the high and low regions of water quality varied spatially during the study period.
The influence of lithology over the quality of groundwater is negligible in this region because majority of the area comes
under single lithology, i.e. charnockite, and it was found that the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the rubber,
tea and other agricultural practices influenced the groundwater quality of the region. According to the overall assessment
of the basin, all the parameters analysed are below the desirable limits of WHO and Indian standards for drinking water. Hence,
considering the pH, the groundwater in the study area is not suitable for drinking but can be used for irrigation, industrial
and domestic purposes. The spatial analysis of groundwater quality patterns of the study area shows seasonal fluctuations
and these spatial patterns of physical and chemical constituents are useful in deciding water use strategies for various purposes. 相似文献
8.
Spatial analysis of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in Sirjan Plain,Iran by fuzzy logic in GIS 
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下载免费PDF全文 At present,due to shortage of water resources,especially in arid and semiarid areas of the world such as Iran,exploitation of groundwater resources with suitable quality for drinking is of high importance.In this regard,contamination of groundwater resources to heavy metals,especially arsenic,is one of the most important hazards that threaten human health.The present study aims to develop an approach for presenting the groundwater quality of Sirjan city in Kerman Province,based on modern tools of spatial zoning in the GIS environment and a fuzzy approach of evaluating drinking water in accordance with the standards of world health organization(WHO).For this purpose,qualitative data related to 22 exploitation wells recorded during 2002 to 2017 were used.In addition,fuzzy aggregate maps were prepared in two scenarios by neglecting and considering arsenic presence in groundwater resources.The results showed a decrease in groundwater quality over time.More specifically,neglecting the presence of arsenic,in 2002,all drinking wells in the area were located in an excellent zone,while in 2017 a number of operation wells were located in the good and medium zone.Also,the final map,considering the presence of arsenic as a limiting factor of drinking water,indicated that parts of the southern regions of the plain would be the best place to dig wells for drinking water.Therefore,the use of new methods can contribute significantly to the usage of groundwater aquifers and provide a good view of the aquifer water quality. 相似文献
9.
Geochemical processes are identified as controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, including chemical leaching and fluoride
contaminations. These geochemical processes are identified using characterization of the major physico-chemical parameters
of ground water from northern part of Sikar city. For this purpose, 15 ground water samples have collected and analyzed for
different water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, TA, DO, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate,
chloride, nitrate, sulfate and fluoride with the help of standard methods recommended by American Public Health Association.
The analysis indicated that fluoride concentrations in four samples are at alarming state as compared to the World Health
Organization standards for drinking purposes, thereby suggesting the need for treatment and precautionary measures for use
of the particular ground water. The increased fluoride level in the ground water of Sikar city is due to the some geological
process such as dissolution of fluoride rich mineral (fluorspar) in the favorable environment. To classify the ground water
ability for different purposes various graphical plots like Piper tri-linear, Durov, Schoeller, Bar, Scatter diagrams have
been drawn. On the basis of physico-chemical, graphical and statistical analysis (Spearman’s Rank correlations), various dimension
of improving water quality for drinking purposes have also been suggested. 相似文献
10.
Impact of recharge from a check dam on groundwater quality and assessment of suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessment of surface water and groundwater quality is necessary as it controls their usability for drinking and irrigation purposes. This study was carried out to assess the suitability of groundwater for these purposes and to understand the impact of water stored in a check dam on groundwater quality near Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from a check dam across Arani River and 13 nearby wells during October 2010, January 2011, and April 2011. These samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate concentrations. The World Health Organization and the Bureau of Indian Standards guidelines were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for the purpose of drinking. Suitability of water for irrigation was determined based on the EC, sodium adsorption ratio, US Salinity Laboratory diagram, percentage sodium, Wilcox’s diagram, Kelly’s index, and Doneen’s permeability index. About 38 % of the groundwater samples were suitable for drinking and 70 % were suitable for irrigational use. Water stored in the check dam and groundwater in the wells closer to the structure were suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The study confirms that the check dam in this area improves the groundwater quality in its surroundings. 相似文献
11.
基于模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子的地下水水质评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文运用地下水水质的模糊综合评判分析方法，选取地下水水质的主要影响因子，借助模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子，编制了有效的MATLAB计算机程序，绘制了隶属度函数的数学图形，对北方某水源地地下水水化学资料进行了模糊数学综合评价。评价结果表明，研究区采样点水质为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占96．63％，大部分地下水水质较好，符合饮用水的要求。借助T和协T逻辑算子的模糊综合评判法评价地下水水质效果较好。 相似文献
12.
基于模糊综合优化模型的地下水质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在应用模糊综合评判法进行地下水水质评估中,存在地下水质量标准与方法要求的分级标准不匹配以及隶属度绝对化的问题。文中在模糊综合评判法的基础上,引入相对隶属度概念表征评价指标与水质标准间的模糊关系,从而建立起模糊综合优化模型。应用该模型对青岛市大沽河地下水源地水质状况进行评价和分析对比,研究结果表明,地下水质量标准符合优化模型对评判标准类型的要求,克服了传统模型存在的标准不兼容问题。指标实测值介于某中间等级时,该等级与左右相邻等级的相对隶属度值均大于0。与绝对的隶属度分布相比,优化模型拓展了指标在各等级隶属度的分布,真实反映了其相对的特征。水源地南部地区(监测井S1和S3)地下水的总硬度、溶解性总固体与其他特征污染物的含量均超过Ⅳ类水质标准,优化模型判定的水质等级也为Ⅳ类水,评价结果符合研究区的实际情况,表明优化模型是可靠的。 相似文献
13.
Assessment of groundwater quality is an important aspect of water security, which is the key to ensure sustainable development. The objective of the study is to bring out an integrated approach for assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. Gogi region, Karnataka, India was chosen as the study area due to the effect of the presence of medium-grade uranium deposits. An integrated approach including the concentration of major ions, trace elements and uranium was employed to investigate the quality of groundwater. Totally, 367 groundwater samples were collected periodically from 52 wells distributes over the Gogi region and the parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, NO3 ?, Zn, Pb, Cu, and uranium of groundwater were analysed. Spatial distribution maps of various chemical constituents were prepared using geographic information system and its temporal variation was plotted in box and whisker plot. The analytical data were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organisation standards to determine drinking water quality and parameters such as salinity hazard, alkalinity hazard and percent sodium were estimated to assess the irrigation quality. Multivariate statistical analysis by cluster analysis was also performed which results in two groups consisting of wells with unsuitable water for drinking purposes. Groundwater in about 15% of the sampling wells were found to be unsuitable for domestic purpose based on TDS and about 17% were unsuitable based on uranium concentration. Finally, integration of spatial variation in TDS and uranium reveals that about 25% of the wells were unsuitable for domestic purposes. It is suggested that such an integrated approach needs to be formulated considering major ions, trace elements and radioactive elements for proper assessment of water quality. Implementation of managed aquifer recharge structures in the study area is suggested since it would potentially reduce the concentration of ions. 相似文献
14.
15.
Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in Balad district,Salah Al-Din Governorate,Iraq 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The assessment of hydrochemical quality of groundwater is very important to explore its nature and usefulness. In this paper, groundwater quality evaluation is carried out in the Balad district, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 28 groundwater samples are collected from shallow tube wells and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. Groundwater suitability for drinking is evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards, and suitability of groundwater for irrigation is assessed based on various hydrochemical parameters. The results reveal that the dominant types of groundwater based on piper diagram are mixed CaMgCl and CaCl. Gibbs ratio indicates that the groundwater in the studied area is affected by the evaporation process. The cation-anion exchange reaction in the studied area demonstrates that 54% of the groundwater samples indicate a direct base (cation-anion) exchange reaction, while 46% of the groundwater samples indicating the chloro-alkaline disequilibrium. Furthermore, generally all of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. Cluster analysis reveals two different groups of similarities between the groundwater samples, reflecting different pollution levels in the studied area. 相似文献
16.
Partha Pratim Adhikary Ch. Jyotiprava Dash H. Chandrasekharan T. B. S. Rajput S. K. Dubey 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1423-1434
Intensive agriculture by indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, sewage water, and polluted drain water has posed a serious threat to groundwater quality in some peri-urban areas of Delhi like Najafgarh block. The objective of the study was to determine the groundwater quality and to map their spatial variation in terms of suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose. Ordinary kriging method was used for preparation of thematic maps of groundwater quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, bicarbonate, magnesium/calcium ratio, total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate and hardness. Exponential semivariogram model was best fitted for all quality parameters except chloride and hardness, where spherical model fitted best. Pollution level was highest at south and south-eastern part of the study area. Better quality groundwater may be expected at the northern and western part. High salinity was due to high chloride concentration in the groundwater. Nitrate pollution level was found to be very alarming and need immediate interventions. High dissolved solids and hardness made the groundwater unsuitable for drinking. There were negligible sodium and bicarbonate hazard in the study area. The groundwater quality index was devised to analyse the combined impact of different quality parameters on irrigation and drinking purposes. The irrigation water quality index and drinking water quality index distribution maps delineated an area of 47.29 and 6.54 km2 suitable for irrigation and drinking, respectively. These safe zones were found as a small strip along the northern boundary and a very small pocket at the western side of the study area. 相似文献
17.
A hydrogeochemical study was conducted on the groundwater of south Al Madinah Al Munawarah City, Saudi Arabia, to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation uses. Groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for major and some trace constituents from the study area. The nitrate concentration in most groundwater samples of the study area exceeded the safe limits for drinking purposes, whereas the concentrations of phosphate, boron, and trace constituents were below the maximum permissible limit for drinking purposes; Cr in two samples showed high content over the recommended limits of drinking purposes. Uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater in Abar Al Mashi area caused many environmental problems including water resource depletion and contamination. Correlations between chloride and major ions were positive and may be attributed to impact of agricultural activities on groundwater chemistry. Groundwater of the study area was classified into six water types. The chemical water types of groundwater in the study area contain CaHCO3 in the eastern and southeastern parts and NaCl in western and northwestern parts, reflecting different land use characteristics and pollution sources. Piper diagram showed that almost all the samples fall in one zone, indicating similar chemical signature. Groundwater can be used safely for drinking with special treatments to eliminate the effect of increased concentrations of total dissolved solids, nitrate, and chromium. The groundwater of the study area can be used safely for irrigation on clay soil; however, specific crops should be selected according to their salt tolerance. 相似文献
18.
V. Sivasankar Kiyoshi Omine T. A. M. Msagati M. Senthil kumar A. Chandramohan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3093-3107
The present research is contributed on groundwater quality, its deterioration and evaluation based on drinking, irrigation, and construction standards. The study area chosen for investigation on water quality is the Tirunagar (TN) area, located in the south-west of Madurai City. The TN area was formerly an agricultural land but presently a residential area that is at a starvation of drinking water quality. A total of 49 bore well samples from TN and Amaithisolai (AS) were investigated for drinking, irrigation, and construction qualities based on various physicochemical parameters. The chemistry of groundwater samples was reflected from very hard and noncarbonate-dominating species. TN was recorded with higher inorganic species in groundwater sources than AS. The Water Quality Index values indicated that 75 % of the samples fall under excellent category and the positive Langelier Saturation Index values of the samples highlighted their tendency to deposit calcium carbonate. The Gibbs plot showed that AS samples were categorized under the domination of rock–water interaction whereas the TN samples under evaporation zone. The US Salinity Laboratory Staff plot depicted that all the groundwater sources at AS with C3S1 type whereas 88 % of the TN sources represented C4S1 type. The results from Wilcox diagram for irrigation inferred that the groundwater sources at AS were permissible, but 68 % of the samples at TN was registered under unfit type. The suitability of groundwater from the knowledge of residual sodium carbonate, sodium absorption ratio, and sodium percentage was also investigated. The perception based on standards recommended the groundwater sources for construction activities. The contribution of ionic species and inter-relationship among the ions were also interpreted from the knowledge of statistical studies. 相似文献
19.
基于级别特征值的岩溶含水层水质模糊综合评价修正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为改进传统水质模糊综合评价中存在评价指标不能全面反映水质状况、评价结果不清晰,评价等级区分度不明显等缺陷,文章以位于六枝特区威宁-郎岱褶皱群的第一层岩溶含水层水质为例,根据岩溶区水质评价特点和研究区含水层超标因子特征,建立涵盖物理、化学和微生物等因子的评价指标体系,利用级别特征值对传统模糊综合评价结果进行了适当修正,并与综合污染指数法、传统模糊评价综合法的评价精度进行定量化比较。研究结果表明:六枝特区的研究区探采点水质综合评价等级都达到Ⅲ类生活饮用水卫生标准,但仍有71%的探采点存在氨氮（NH4+）、氟化物(F-)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、溶解性总固体（TDS）和大肠杆菌等指标超标,且超标因子浓度呈点状扩散分布于三叠系中下统地层;另外,传统模糊综合评价中有57.1%的水质达到Ⅰ类标准,与多个探采点存在因子超标的情况不符,而通过级别特征值修正的模糊综合评价结果中分别有57.1%和28.6%的探采点水质为Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类标准,与着重突出最大超标因子权重的综合指数法类别标准差低0.011。因此,基于级别特征值的模糊综合评价能有效的反映水质整体水平,探采点水样超标因子浓度和同类水质的区分度,评价结果合理、可信。 相似文献