The 2014 Earthquake Model of the Middle East: seismogenic sources     

Laurentiu Danciu  Karin Şeşetyan  Mine Demircioglu  Levent Gülen  Mehdi Zare  Roberto Basili  Ata Elias  Shota Adamia  Nino Tsereteli  Hilal Yalçın  Murat Utkucu  Muhammad Asif Khan  Mohammad Sayab  Khaled Hessami  Andrea N. Rovida  Massimiliano Stucchi  Jean-Pierre Burg  Arkady Karakhanian  Hektor Babayan  Mher Avanesyan  Tahir Mammadli  Mahmood Al-Qaryouti  Doğan Kalafat  Otar Varazanashvili  Mustafa Erdik  Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496

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Stress distribution from railway track over geogrid reinforced ballast underlain by clay     

Fattah  Mohammed Y.  Mahmood  Mahmood R.  Aswad  Mohammed F. 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(1):77-93

Railway ballast forms a major component of a conventional rail track and is used to distribute the load to the subgrade, providing a smooth running surface for trains. It plays a significant role in providing support for the rail track base and distributing the load to the weaker layer underneath. Ballast also helps with drainage, which is an important factor for any type of transportation structure, including railroads. Over time, ballast progressively deforms and degrades under dynamic loading and loses its strength. In this study, extensive laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of load amplitude, geogrid position, and number of geogrid layers, thickness of ballast layer and clay stiffness on the behavior of the reinforced ballast layer and induced strains in a geogrid. A half full-scale railway was constructed for carrying out the tests, which consisted of two rails 800 mm in length with three wooden sleepers(900 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm). Three ballast thicknesses of 200, 300 and 400 mm were used in the tests. The ballast was overlying 500 mm thickness clay in two states, soft and stiff. The tests were carried out with and without geogrid reinforcement; the tests were performed in a well-tied steel box of 1.5 m length ×1 m width ×1 m height. Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the response of the ballast and the clay layers where the ballast was reinforced by a geogrid. Settlement in ballast and clay, soil pressure and pore water pressure induced in the clay were measured in reinforced and unreinforced ballast cases. It was concluded that the amount of settlement increased as the simulated train load amplitude increased, and there was a sharp increase in settlement up to cycle 500. After that, there was a gradual increase that leveled out between, 2500 to 4500 cycles depending on the frequency used. There was a slight increase in the induced settlement when the load amplitude increased from 0.5 to 1 ton but it was higher when the load amplitude increased to 2 tons. The increased amount in settlement depended on the existence of the geogrid and other parameters studied. The transmitted average vertical stress for ballast thicknesses of 30 cm and 40 cm increased as the load amplitude increased, regardless of the ballast reinforcement for both soft and stiff clay. The position of the geogrid had no significant effect on the transmitted stresses. The value of the soil pressure and pore water pressure on ballast thicknesses of 20 cm was higher than for 30 cm and 40 cm thicknesses. This meant that the ballast attenuated the induced waves. The soil pressure and pore water pressure for reinforced and unreinforced ballast was higher in stiff clay than in soft clay.  相似文献   

Performance evaluation of correction coefficients to optimize sediment rating curves on the basis of the Karkheh dam reservoir hydrography,west Iran     

Haideh Hassanzadeh  Mahmood Shafai Bajestan  Ghodratollah Rostami Paydar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(19):595

The prediction of useful lifetime of a dam is estimated through accurate estimate of river sediments which mostly depend on sediment rating curve. Over the past decades, various methods have been developed by investigators. With respect to the importance of this issue, in the present study, the best discharge-sediment relationship for Jelogir hydrometric station located at the upstream of Karkheh reservoir dam is presented. In the first step, sediment rating curves in annual, seasonal, monthly, wet and dry, and middle of the classes linear ways and applying 3 correction coefficients that include Smearing, FAO, and QMILE were obtained; then, their performance was evaluated. Comparison of these results with data obtained from hydrographical operation of Karkheh dam reservoir showed that the optimal equation of discharge-sediment at this hydrometric station follows annual linear sediment rating curve with QMILE correction coefficient. According to the results, annual method has estimated sediment volume less than the actual volume, about 98.7% of the actual sediment, while other evaluated methods have showed sediment volume more than the actual one, and among correction coefficients, the application of QMILE correction coefficient is more reasonable than other coefficients.  相似文献   

Maturity modeling and burial history reconstruction for Garau and Sargelu formations in Lurestan basin,south Iran     

Behzad Khani  Mohammadreza Kamali  Maryam Mirshahani  Mahmood Memariani  Mahmood Bargrizan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(2):39

The Upper Jurassic Sargelu and the Cretaceous Garau formations are important source rocks in the Lurestan basin, southwest Iran. In this study, the maturity evolution and burial history of these source rocks are investigated using 1D modeling in 15 wells within the Lurestan basin. These models are calibrated using temperature and vitrinite reflectance readings at well locations. Results indicate that thermal maturity of studied source rocks increases towards the northwest of the Lurestan basin and is the lowest over the Anaran High. The present-day level of maturity suggests that these formations are suitable candidates for shale gas resources in the Lurestan basin.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in Balad district,Salah Al-Din Governorate,Iraq          下载免费PDF全文

Alhassan H Ismail  Muntasir A Shareef  Wesam Mahmood 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(4):306-322

The assessment of hydrochemical quality of groundwater is very important to explore its nature and usefulness. In this paper, groundwater quality evaluation is carried out in the Balad district, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 28 groundwater samples are collected from shallow tube wells and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. Groundwater suitability for drinking is evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards, and suitability of groundwater for irrigation is assessed based on various hydrochemical parameters. The results reveal that the dominant types of groundwater based on piper diagram are mixed CaMgCl and CaCl. Gibbs ratio indicates that the groundwater in the studied area is affected by the evaporation process. The cation-anion exchange reaction in the studied area demonstrates that 54% of the groundwater samples indicate a direct base (cation-anion) exchange reaction, while 46% of the groundwater samples indicating the chloro-alkaline disequilibrium. Furthermore, generally all of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. Cluster analysis reveals two different groups of similarities between the groundwater samples, reflecting different pollution levels in the studied area.  相似文献   

People-centric geo-spatial exposure and damage assessment of 2014 flood in lower Chenab Basin,upper Indus Plain in Pakistan     

Mahmood  Shakeel  Rani  Razia 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(3):3053-3069

Natural Hazards - This study is an effort of people-centric geo-spatial exposure and damage assessment of 2014-flood in Upper Indus Plain (UIP). Community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM)...  相似文献   

Prediction of Enhanced Soil–Anchored Geogrid Interactions in Direct Shear Mode Using Gene Expression Programming     

Abdi  Mahmood Reza  Nakhaei  Pouria  Safdari Seh Gonbad  Mahdi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):957-972

Design of reinforced soil structures is greatly influenced by soil–geosynthetic interactions at interface which is normally assessed by costly and time consuming laboratory tests. In present research, using the results of large-scale direct shear tests conducted on soil–anchored geogrid samples a model for predicting Enhanced Interaction Coefficient (EIC) is proposed enabling researchers/engineers easily, quickly and at no cost to estimate soil–geosynthetic interactions. In this regard well and poorly graded sands, anchors of three different size and anchorage lengths from the shear surface together with normal pressures of 12.5, 25 and 50 kPa were used. Artificial Intelligence (AI) called the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was adopted to develop the model. Input variables included coefficients of curvature and uniformity, normal pressure, effective grain size, anchor base and surface area, anchorage length and the output variable was EIC. Contributions of input variables were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Excellent correlation between the GEP-based model and the experimental results were achieved showing that the proposed model is well capable of effectively estimating soil–anchored geogrid enhanced interaction coefficient. Sensitivity analysis for parameter importance shows that the most influential variables are normal pressure (σ_n) and anchorage length (L) and the least effective parameters are average particle size (D₅₀) and anchor base area (A_b).

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Remote Sensing Study of Neotectonics in Central Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt (CSFTB), Pakistan     

Qureshi  J.  Mahmood  S. A. 《Geotectonics》2021,55(4):618-632

Geotectonics - In our research paper, new observations and results of the Central Suleiman fold-and-thrust belt (CSFTB) that highlights the topographic evolution and active deformation in this...  相似文献   

Trend Analysis of Polynomial Surfaces and Surface Dynamics (TAPS‒SDs): A Paradigm from (MMT‒NPHMZ) in the Northwestern Himalayas,Pakistan     

Kaukab  I. S.  Batool  S.  Mahmood  S. A. 《Geotectonics》2021,55(2):273-292

Geotectonics - Generation and interpretation of geomorphometric maps through remote sensing and GIS techniques are significant platforms for the investigations of neotectonics. This investigation...  相似文献   

A physically constrained wavelet-aided statistical model for multi-decadal groundwater dynamics predictions     

Fatih Gordu  Mahmood H. Nachabe 《水文研究》2021,35(8):e14308

A physically constrained wavelet-aided statistical model (PCWASM) is presented to analyse and predict monthly groundwater dynamics on multi-decadal or longer time scales. The approach retains the simplicity of regression modelling but is constrained by temporal scales of processes responsible for groundwater level variation, including aquifer recharge and pumping. The methodology integrates statistical correlations enhanced with wavelet analysis into established principles of groundwater hydraulics including convolution, superposition and the Cooper–Jacob solution. The systematic approach includes (1) identification of hydrologic trends and correlations using cross-correlation and multi-time scale wavelet analyses; (2) integrating temperature-based evapotranspiration and groundwater pumping stresses and (3) assessing model prediction performances using fixed-block k-fold cross-validation and split calibration-validation methods. The approach is applied at three hydrogeologicaly distinct sites in North Florida in the United States using over 40 years of monthly groundwater levels. The systematic approach identifies two patterns of cross-correlations between groundwater levels and historical rainfall, indicating low-frequency variabilities are critical for long-term predictions. The models performed well for predicting monthly groundwater levels from 7 to 22 years with less than 2.1 ft (0.7 m) errors. Further evaluation by the moving-block bootstrap regression indicates the PCWASM can be a reliable tool for long-term groundwater level predictions. This study provides a parsimonious approach to predict multi-decadal groundwater dynamics with the ability to discern impacts of pumping and climate change on aquifer levels. The PCWASM is computationally efficient and can be implemented using publicly available datasets. Thus, it should provide a versatile tool for managers and researchers for predicting multi-decadal monthly groundwater levels under changing climatic and pumping impacts over a long time period.  相似文献