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《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,(4)
基本公共服务是21世纪公共行政和政府改革的核心理念。本文以2015年地理国情普查数据成果和2016年地理国情监测数据成果作基础,从基本公共教育、基本医疗卫生、基本社会服务、公共文化体育、公园绿地等5个方面构建指标体系,综合分析成都市2015—2016年基本公共服务空间格局演化情况。分析结果表明:成都市基本公共服务空间格局呈现出以中心城区为中心向四周呈辐射状逐渐变差的特征; 2015—2016年成都市基本公共服务变化范围较大,局部变化明显,变化区域分散,基本公共服务水平增加区域占全市面积的47.45%,基本医疗卫生机构和公园绿地设施的增加是导致基本公共服务水平提升的主要原因。 相似文献
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为了准确把握南京市公共服务空间格局,实现基本服务均等化,以南京市为研究对象,从公共教育、医疗卫生、社会服务、文化体育、公园绿地5个方面构建基本公共服务空间格局指标体系,并将公共教育与医疗卫生列为核心公共服务,综合测度南京市公共服务水平,并利用探索性空间数据分析方法对南京市公共服务空间格局进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)基本公共服务空间格局变化主要集中在秦淮、建邺、玄武等中心城区,而外围地区增强效应不明显;(2)2015-2016年南京市核心公共服务空间基本稳定,但随着江北新区建设的深入,江北乃至南京市的公共服务空间改变明显。本研究对公共服务空间格局监测的探索方法将为地方政府、行业部门规划和投资公共服务设施建设提供参考。 相似文献
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选取哈尔滨市为研究区,以2015年地理国情普查成果和2016年基础性地理国情监测成果为数据源,根据国情数据中不同地表覆盖分类对应的透水特性提取不透水面,对哈尔滨市不透水面的空间分布格局和变化特征进行分析,选取平均工资、距城市道路距离、距医院的距离、距铁路的距离、距学校的距离、平均气温、全年降水量、土壤等8个因子,利用地理探测器模型,探测不透水面扩张率的空间分异驱动因子,研究结果表明:2015年至2016年哈尔滨市不透水面面积呈扩张趋势,居民收入水平和距城市道路距离等人为因素是造成不透水面扩张空间分异性的主要原因。 相似文献
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基于地理国情普查获取的数据,以哈尔滨市中心城区基本公共服务为研究对象,从基本公共服务设施空间分布特征、基本公共服务设施服务水平空间差异、基本公共服务设施服务可达性空间差异3个方面分析了哈尔滨中心城区的基本公共服务水平均等化情况。 相似文献
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城市空间格局发展是体现城镇化的重要特征,研究其分布与演化规律可以为国土空间规划、国土资源节约集约利用等提供决策依据。本文基于地理国情普查和监测成果,结合规划、经济、人口等专题数据,采用监测分析模型与评价指标,开展海南省城市空间格局变化监测,分析2000—2018年海南省城市的空间扩展变化、规划实施情况、公共服务水平、综合交通网络等信息,旨在为海南省新型城镇化建设、国土资源节约集约利用等提供客观的监测信息和有力的技术保障。 相似文献
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基于公共交通系统的城市公园绿地可达性分析——以武汉市中心城区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市公园绿地是城市绿色基础设施的重要组成部分,是城市居民主要的休闲游憩场所,具有重要的生态、社会文化功能。本文以武汉市公园绿地为研究对象,运用两步移动搜索法(2SFCA)计算研究区内居民基于公共交通方式下的公园绿地可达性,采用反距离加权插值法分析公园绿地可达性的空间集聚特征。研究结果表明:1)研究区内公园可达性优劣水平差异较大,呈现出中心城区内居民点公园可达性的两极分化特征,空间上表现出由东向西不断减小的梯度递减格局。2)基于公共交通方式下区内居民点的可达性和公园绿地的空间分布在一定程度上呈现出空间失配,中心城区西北部和中部人口集中区域公园可达性水平较差。 相似文献
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以郑州市为例,结合地理国情普查与监测成果,利用人文地理要素的类别、位置、范围及同时期城市的经济、人口等统计数据,提取出城市建成区边界。通过对城区面积扩展、城市用地效率、城市空间扩展协调性、城市空间结构和形态变化4个方面进行分析研究,揭示出郑州市2000—2016年间的城市空间格局扩展及其变化规律,并对中心城区监测要素的变化趋势进行预测,研究结果可为郑州市科学规化与可持续发展提供决策依据。 相似文献
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以黑龙江省地理国情普查成果数据为基础,分析现有技术规范中地理国情基本统计分析成果与地图统计表达形式的关联关系,设计构建地理国情基本统计分析成果在线地图表达指标体系表,并基于"天地图"地理信息公共服务平台,研究地理国情基本统计成果的动态组合表达、多角度展示与灵活应用。 相似文献
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兰州市基本公共服务水平的区域差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有从乡(镇、街道)尺度研究基本公共服务水平空间差异较少的问题,该文以乡(镇、街道)为尺度,运用熵值法分析兰州市基本公共服务水平的空间差异。结果表明:得分最高酒泉路街道是得分最低哈岘乡的3.32倍,中等水平以下的区域占比为55.86%,说明空间差异较大且整体水平较低;较高和高水平区域沿铁路和公路成轴带状延展,而整体水平在东西和南北向均呈现出"n"形趋势;基本公共服务水平存在一定程度的空间关联,局部区域集聚效应显著;人口密度、经济和城市化水平均影响了基本公共服务的发展。研究结果可为相关政府部门推进兰州市基本公共服务均等化发展提供更加翔实的决策支持信息。 相似文献
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With the rapid development of social economy in Chengdu, it is of great significance to analyze the accessibility of a public facilities resources, and services in respective regions for the spatial planning of public facilities and the optimization of urban construction in Chengdu. Most existing studies only consider the accessibility of a single public facility under a single transportation mode studying facilities at the same level. In this research, with the consideration of all these factors mentioned above, an improved 3-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) model of multi-transportation modes is introduced to analyze the accessibility and spatial distribution of multiple types of public facilities under multiple traffic modes. The new model classifies the grade of public facilities and calculates the service accessibility of public facilities under the driving, public transport, cycling, and walking modes in the five dimensions of education, medical care, commerce, transportation, and leisure in the central urban areas of Chengdu. Through the comparative analysis of multiple models, we found that the improved 3SFCA can more accurately evaluate the accessibility of all dimensions of public facilities in central urban areas of Chengdu. The accessibility of compound public facilities in the central city is excellent. With the gradual expansion to the outward areas, the diversity and accessibility of compound public facilities gradually decreases. Furthermore, the accessibility distribution of public facilities in the study area is not balanced. The accessibility between the central urban areas and the marginal areas differs greatly and the spatial differentiation is substantial. 相似文献
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Shawky MANSOUR 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(1):26-38
Much attention has been given to address public health policy in Saudi Arabia, particularly for the management, quality, and coverage issues. However, assessment of spatial patterns, distribution, and provision of public health services has been neglected. This paper analyzes the availability and accessibility of public health facilities across Riyadh Governorate, Saudi Arabia at the subnational level. Spatial and attribute data of public health facilities potentially have been analyzed using GIS to produce accurate measure of accessibility. The spatial pattern of service distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor. Distances from demand points (populations) to providers (facilities) were calculated for each district using near analysis. In addition, the ratios of public health facility to population were calculated to identify underserved and overserved areas. The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern of the distribution of public health facilities was significantly clustered (p value < 0.001) with Z-score of ?10.9. Several districts within the central parts of the governorate were identified as having a higher density of facilities, while most of districts that are located in the marginal parts exhibit very low density of health facilities. Overall, there was a considerable variation in the average distance from district centroids to health facilities. Substantially, less than half of the population (45.4%) living in 61 districts has access to public health facility within less than 1-km distance. In contrast, the greatest increase in distances was observed for 6% of population living in 38 districts. People that live in such districts need to travel long distances for public health care. The output of this analysis can assist policy-makers and authorities of Riyadh Governorate in planning public health delivery. 相似文献
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地名是一个地方的文化索引,是社会发展的基础地理信息和社会公共信息,在国防建设、社会管理、公众服务等方面都发挥着重要作用.因此,在城市发展进程中,需要不断提升地名的管理水平以及地名的公共服务能力.本文基于GIS建设地名公共服务平台,通过建设城市地名"一张图"整合区划地名相关的数据,进而支撑对地名全生命周期的管理,并面向社会提供标准全面的地名信息服务,充分发挥地名在政务管理、公众服务中的价值. 相似文献
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Quantification and assessment of nationwide population access to health-care services is a critical undertaking for improving population health and optimizing the performance of national health systems. Rural–urban unbalance of population access to health-care services is widely involved in most of the nations. This unbalance is also potentially affected by varied weather and road conditions. This study investigates the rural and urban performances of public health system by quantifying the spatiotemporal variations of accessibility and assessing the impacts of potential factors. Australian health-care system is used as a case study for the rural–urban comparison of population accessibility. A nationwide travel time-based modified kernel density two-step floating catchment area (MKD2SFCA) model is utilized to compute accessibility of travel time within 30, 60, 120, and 240 min to all public hospitals, hospitals that provide emergency care, and hospitals that provide surgery service, respectively. Results show that accessibility is varied both temporally and spatially, and the rural–urban unbalance is distinct for different types of hospitals. In Australia, from the perspective of spatial distributions of health-care resources, spatial accessibility to all public hospitals in remote and very remote areas is not lower (and may even higher) than that in major cities, but the accessibility to hospitals that provide emergency and surgery services is much higher in major cities than other areas. From the angle of temporal variation of accessibility to public hospitals, reduction of traffic speed is 1.00–3.57% due to precipitation and heavy rain, but it leads to 18–23% and 31–50% of reduction of accessibility in hot-spot and cold-spot regions, respectively, and the impact is severe in New South Wales, Queensland, and Northern Territory during wet seasons. Spatiotemporal analysis for the variations of accessibility can provide quantitative and accurate evidence for geographically local and dynamic strategies of allocation decision-making of medical resources and optimizing health-care systems both locally and nationally. 相似文献
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目前公共服务平台建设逐渐成为城市规划和国土管理部门的工作重心。本文从整体思维的角度阐述了城市地理信息公共服务平台架构和平台的建设模式,随后着重讨论了基于数据安全的网络拓扑设计,最后通过增城市地理信息公共服务平台实例分析了基础地理数据动态更新、地图服务和权限管理等技术要点。 相似文献
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Integrating the Huff Model and Floating Catchment Area Methods to Analyze Spatial Access to Healthcare Services 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jun Luo 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(3):436-448
Analysis of spatial access to healthcare services is critical for effective health resource planning. Gravity‐based spatial access models have been widely used to estimate spatial access to healthcare services. Among them, the floating catchment area (FCA) methods have been proved to be informative and helpful to the designation of Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs). This article integrates the Huff Model with the FCA method to articulate population selection on services. Through the proposed approach, population demand on healthcare services is adjusted by a Huff Model‐based selection probability that reflects the impacts of both distance impedance and service site capacity. The new approach moderates the over‐ or under‐estimating of population demand that occurred with previous methods. Furthermore, the method uses a continuous distance impedance weight function instead of the arbitrarily defined subzones of previous studies. A case study of spatial access to primary care in Springfield, MO, showed that the proposed method can effectively moderate the population demand on service sites and therefore can generate more reliable spatial access measures. 相似文献
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GIS与Voronoi多边形在医疗服务设施地理可达性分析中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王远飞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(3):77-80
地理可达性是研究评价各种服务设施布局及其服务域的重要指标之一,空间距离、交通便捷性、出行成本等是可达性测度的重要因子。由于医疗设施等公共设施通常以服务的公平性和覆盖性为目标,因此可定义居民点到最邻近医院的距离为地理可达性的测度。在此基础上,作者提出了基于GIS与Voronoi多边形的地理可达性计算方法。这一方法不仅将地理可达性分析中的空间点对之间的距离计算简化为空间查询,方便了GIS应用,而且计算的Voronoi多边形在本质上就是最邻近意义上医院的服务域,即服务域内各居民点到该医院的距离就是最邻近距离。此外结合人口分布等属性数据,还可深入分析各医院的服务承载力,本方法为医疗设施等公共服务设施的规划决策提供了重要的工具。 相似文献
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以四川省成都市为研究区,利用2014年Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像,提取该区土地利用/覆被数据,并结合经济、交通、生产耗能等基础统计数据,构建碳-氧平衡分析模型,对2014年碳氧收支量进行了研究,并对碳-氧平衡状况进行分析评价。结果表明,成都市2014年碳平衡系数为-0.049,氧平衡系数为-0.503。由于成都市东中西部社会活动功能差异和土地覆被类型分布不均,导致成都市19个行政区的碳氧平衡差异明显。最后,基于研究结果,对降低碳释放、社会经济活动和生态空间格局方面提出相应建议,可为成都市生态文明建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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掌握开发区的公共服务配置情况是促进开发区健康发展的必然要求.本文选取广州市内的9个国家级开发区,基于开发区范围、2018年基础教育点、医疗点和高德地图POI等数据,采用GIS空间分析方法,对其基础教育、医疗和便民商店等公共服务配置情况进行研究,结果表明:从基础教育方面来看,广州南沙经济技术开发区、广州高新技术产业开发区... 相似文献