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1.
西沙群岛重要岛礁鱼类资源调查 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
为摸清岛礁海域鱼类资源种类及分布 ,合理安排渔船生产 ,2 0 0 3年 5月采用延绳钓和底层刺网在西沙群岛的浪花礁、东岛、永兴岛、华光礁、金银岛、玉琢礁和北礁等 7座珊瑚礁水域进行了 1个航次的鱼类资源调查。 2种作业投入的捕捞努力量分别为延绳钓 3 740钓、底层刺网 14 480m ,单次作业努力量延绳钓 80～ 3 2 0钓、底层刺网 12 0～ 80 0m。捕获鱼类 177种 ,渔获量 3 70 0尾 2 767.0 0kg ,其中延绳钓 3 3种计 77尾 1711.5 5kg ,底层刺网共 15 3种计 3 62 3尾 10 5 5 .45kg。按岛礁平均 ,渔获率和单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (CPUE)延绳钓为 2 .0 6尾·(10 0钓 ) -1、45 .76kg·(10 0钓 ) -1,底层刺网为 2 5 0 .2 1尾·(1km) -1、72 .89kg·(1km ) -1。捕获的主要经济种类有鲨鱼、裸胸鳝、石斑鱼、笛鲷、裸颊鲷、鹦嘴鱼和绯鲤等。北礁、金银岛和玉琢礁的鱼类资源比较丰富 ,开发潜力较高 ;浪花礁、东岛、华光礁和永兴岛次之 ,也有一定的生产价值。 相似文献
2.
南麂列岛岛礁区域鱼类种类组成和数量分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用底层拖网方法,以渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,进行了南麂列岛岛礁区域2011年4月、8月、11月和2012年3月4个季节的鱼类种类组成、数量分布以及时空变化研究。结果表明:(1)调查海域鱼类有69种,鱼类种数夏季>秋季>冬季>春季;(2)六指马鲅、海鳗、棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼、、中颌棱鳀、六丝钝尾虎鱼等15种鱼占鱼类总渔获量的89.13%,是调查海域底层拖网的主要捕捞鱼类;(3)不同季节的鱼类渔获量组成相差较大,优势种季节演替现象明显;(4)渔获率的季节变化明显,渔获率夏秋季明显高于冬春季,夏秋季渔获率较高的区域一般在调查海域西北方向的开阔海域。 相似文献
3.
4.
中沙群岛春季珊瑚礁鱼类资源组成的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2003年5月采用延绳钓和底层刺网在中沙群岛珊瑚礁水域进行了1个航次的鱼类资源调查。两种作业投入的捕捞努力量分别为延绳钓5620钓、底层刺网16120m,单次作业努力量延绳钓80~600钓、底层刺网600~1200m。捕获鱼类105种,渔获量1067尾2645.76kg,其中延绳钓34种计134尾2294.32kg,底层刺网共86种计933尾351.44kg。按岛礁平均,渔获率和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)延绳钓为2.38尾.(100钓)-1、40.82kg.(100钓)-1,底层刺网为57.88尾.(1km)-1、21.80kg.(1km)-1。捕获的主要经济种类有鲨鱼、裸胸鳝、石斑鱼、笛鲷、裸颊鲷、鱼参科鱼类和大眼鲷等。 相似文献
5.
利用 1 997年～ 1 999年“大洋一号”调查船在中国多金属结核开辟区用邦哥网所采集的样品 ,对仔稚鱼的种类组成、密度的平面分布和年间变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :中国开辟区共有 2 2科 6 1种仔稚鱼 ,其中大洋性发光鱼类灯笼鱼科的种类最多 ,达1 7种 ,约占总种类数的 2 8% ,其次是钻光鱼科 (6种 )、金枪鱼科 (6种 )和拟白鲑科 (5种 ) ,分别约占总种类数的 1 0 %、 1 0 %和 8%。东、西两区的种类组成有较大的差异 ,共有种仅为 1 7种 ,东区种类数 (48种 )明显多于西区种类数 (3 0种 )。仔稚鱼的密度有明显的空间和时间变化 ,东区仔稚鱼的密度高于西区 ,东区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 997年的 5倍 ,西区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 998年的 3倍。仔稚鱼密度的年间变化可能与 El Nino事件有关 相似文献
6.
南海北部海域小型非经济鱼类资源声学评估 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为探讨南海北部渔业资源的可持续利用情况 ,根据 1997年 12月～ 1999年 6月“北斗”号调查船SimradEK5 0 0回声探测 积分系统在南海北部海域获取的渔业资源调查资料 ,对该海域天竺鲷科、科、灯笼鱼科、鳄齿鱼科以及犀鳕科等 5类 5 8种小型非经济鱼类进行了资源量评估。结果表明 ,这些种类在南海北部海域具有比较丰富的资源储量 ,它们春、夏、秋、冬 4个季节的平均资源量分别为 18.5× 10 4t,2 6.1× 10 4t,2 2 .3× 10 4t,17.6× 10 4t和 4.5× 10 4t ;分析了其资源量的区域分布和季节变化。 相似文献
7.
我国海洋渔业地理信息系统发展现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细总结了我国海洋渔业地理信息系统的研究与应用现状,远洋渔业地理信息系统主要应用于金枪鱼、鱿钓业和秋刀鱼的资源分布、渔获量与渔场环境关系、渔情预报、渔场图绘制等方面,近海主要用于分析东海渔业资源分布和漂移特征、渔场环境分布、部分种类渔获量分布与环境关系及渔情预报等方面。除渔业资源与渔场领域外,渔业地理信息系统还被应用到渔船跟踪、捕捞违法行为判别、渔业信息发布和水产品查询,以及渔港建设等领域,国内学者在进行渔业地理信息系统技术应用的同时,还注重了其技术的研究及改进。 相似文献
8.
厦门海域渔业资源评估 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以初级生产力和渔业统计资料为材 ,分别应用Tait沿岸海域生态系能流分析法、营养动态法和Cushing等 3种模式 ,估算厦门沿岸海域的渔业资源自然生产量。同时 ,分别应用Schaefer和Fox两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。前 3种模式估算该海域的资源生产量分别为 2 0 1 0 5t,1 8463t和 1 7489t,平均 1 8686t。后两种模式估算最大持续产量平均值分别为 9639t和 91 0 4t。估算的最大持续捕捞力量 :5种作业综合总功率为 1 5976kW ;以厦门机定置渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 2 7351kW ;以厦门机刺网渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 432 1 3kW。 1 997年实际渔获量和捕捞力量均超过了估算的最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。文中还讨论了捕捞力量的调整问题。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(7)
为查明黄河口及邻近水域鱼类个体长度的组成。采用2013年6月—2014年5月7个航次的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,分析了该海域鱼类群落的长度谱结构及其季节变化。调查显示:共捕获鱼类50种,在完全选择性长度范围内,全部鱼类群落、底层鱼类群落和暖温性鱼类群落的长度谱变化趋势相似,各长度组内的鱼类尾数随长度的增加呈下降趋势。在相同月份中,底层鱼类群落、暖温性鱼类群落的长度谱斜率和截距与全部鱼类群落的长度谱斜率和截距之间无显著性差异。在黄河口及邻近水域,底层鱼类和暖温性鱼类占优势,在全部鱼类群落结构中起主导作用。不同月份间,全部鱼类群落的长度谱斜率和截距有显著差异。7、8、10月(夏、秋季)的长度谱斜率的绝对值和截距值显著高于其它月份,这与夏、秋季当年生群体大量进入渔业有关,小个体鱼类数量的剧增使长度谱变陡峭、截距值变大。冬季(2月)全部鱼类群落的小个体组以安氏新银鱼为主。春季(5月)鱼类数量较低,长度谱结构简单。研究结果表明,黄河口及邻近水域全部鱼类群落的长度组成表现为小型物种和小个体多,大型物种和大个体少,鱼类种类组成有明显的季节变化,进而影响鱼类群落的长度谱结构。 相似文献
10.
舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
根据2006年8月、2007年1、5、11月在舟山渔场及邻近海域(29°30′—32°00′N,127°E以西)开展海洋生态系统综合调查所获得的游泳动物调查资料,用渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标,对舟山渔场及邻近海域的鱼类种类组成、数量分布、季节变化趋势作了定量分析。结果表明,舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种类约有139种,隶属14目、56科、105属,其中日本红娘鱼、绿鳍鱼、六丝矛尾虎鱼、细条天竺鱼、海鳗、黑、星康吉鳗、小黄鱼、前肛鳗、短吻舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼等25种鱼类占鱼类总渔获量的84.18%,是调查海域桁杆拖网的主要捕捞鱼类,而其它种类的渔获量较少。不同季节的经济鱼类渔获物组成相差较大,而优势种种类组成变化较少。渔获量高峰期主要出现在夏季,从不同区域的渔获率分布趋势来看,春、夏、秋季的鱼类渔获率都以江外渔场最高,其次是长江口渔场,舟山渔场居第三,而杭州湾河口区的鱼类渔获率明显偏低。冬季鱼类渔获率分布趋势与春夏秋季不同,以长江口渔场为最高,其次是舟山渔场,而江外渔场和杭州湾河口区渔获率明显偏低。与以往(20世纪60年代初)调查结果相比,舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种数组成、种群动态及群落结构都发生了很大的变化。 相似文献
11.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):385-396
Following independence of Namibia in 1990, abundance of that country's hake stocks was monitored by trawl surveys conducted by the Norwegian F.R.V. Dr Fridtjof Nansen using a systematic survey design. Precision from such designs is considered to be better than with a random design, but it cannot be quantified through standard analysis of variance. In 1998 and 1999, the trawl surveys were duplicated in full using a commercial trawler that operated in parallel with the Dr Fridtjof Nansen. Both vessels had the same fishing gear and rigging. In both years, biomass and distribution patterns estimated by the vessels were similar. The paired datasets collected from the surveys were used to analyse variability in the point samples. Absolute differences between pairs of catches were, in general, proportional to the catch, but they varied randomly following a normal distribution around the catch level. Local variability was analysed as random noise, modelled and later reapplied on single vessel data series to evaluate the effect of sample size and replicates on the survey mean. In a survey with 200 stations, local sample noise accounted for about 4% of the variability in the survey mean. Alternatively, running series of simulated surveys by bootstrapping on pairs of catch data gave similar results, when a small systematic vessel effect was adjusted for. The main statistical techniques applied were less susceptible to outlier catches than straightforward correlations or regressions and could therefore, perhaps with some advantage, also be used to estimate the vessel factor when intercalibrating trawl survey vessels. 相似文献
12.
Between March 1961 and January 1963 trawling surveys were carried out in the Bay of Plenty. Seasonal comparisons of catch weight were made for the four commercially important species, snapper, tarakihi, trevally, and gurnard, during 1962–63. Only trevally showed any marked seasonal variation in total catch. Tarakihi were most abundant in waters over 50 fathoms and snapper, trevally, and gurnard were most abundant in shallower depths. The best return for fishing effort came from the middle sector of the Bay. There was a marked absence of undersized tarakihi and trevally from the catches. A species composition list for the Bay of Plenty waters and a table of species abundance at the stations sampled has been compiled from the trawl catch data. 相似文献
13.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):265-274
The validity of abundance estimates from hydroacoustic surveys relies, inter alia, on the ability of the fishing gear on the research vessel to sample non-selectively. This study compares the length frequencies of Cape horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus capensis taken in Namibian waters by the R.V. Welwitchia and commercial midwater trawlers. Results indicate that the length distributions of catches taken by the Welwitchia were significantly different from those from commercial trawlers, with a greater proportion of fish >25 cm being sampled by the latter. Also, the biomass estimated per length-class from hydroacoustic surveys over the period 1994–2000 was compared with those from annual landings of the commercial fishery. The length distribution of horse mackerel in purse-seine catches compares favourably with those from the research vessel. However, comparisons with the midwater trawl catches indicated that the length frequencies obtained from research vessels during the years 1994–1997 underestimated the number of large fish in the population and biased the biomass in those years. From 1998 to 2000 the bias was negligible. The magnitude of the error varied between years, but it remained fairly low. To compensate for this bias, length distribution data from midwater trawlers should be integrated into the acoustic biomass calculation procedure. 相似文献
14.
南海头足类资源丰富 ,文献报道的种类有 89种。在水深 40m以浅海域分布数量较多的种类为杜氏枪乌贼Loligoduvaucelii(Orbigny) ,在水深 40m以深海域分布数量较多的种类为中国枪乌贼L .chinensis(Gray)。渔汛期为夏、秋季。统计历年生产资料表明 ,头足类的年产量和占渔获物比例有逐年上升的趋势。随着底拖网捕捞技术的提高 ,头足类的密度指数有所增加 ,但并不说明头足类的资源就很丰富。若不注意合理开发利用 ,将导致头足类资源的衰退。限制和废除损害头足类资源的渔具十分重要。 相似文献
15.
根据2009年5月单船底层拖网和定置三重刺网作业调查资料,分析研究了诏安湾口海域春季游泳动物的种类组成、生物密度指数分布及种类多样性等.结果表明：调查海域游泳动物有48种,其中鱼类为26种,占54.2%;甲壳类为16种,占33.3%;头足类为6种,占12.5%.相对重要性指数（IRI）大于500的有4种,分别为多鳞鱚（Sillago sihama）、白姑鱼（Argyrosomus argentatus）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）、哈氏仿对虾（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）;种类丰富度指数范围为1.412～3.419,平均值为2.291;Shannon-wiener多样度指数范围为0.800～2.264,平均值为1.568;种类均匀度指数范围为0.411～0.836,平均值为0.659.总体来看,诏安湾口海域生物量处于较低水平,需要开展增殖放流,通过海洋牧场与人工鱼礁建设,以逐步恢复渔业资源. 相似文献
16.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):121-135
The trawl fishery, which targets Cape hake Merluccius spp. and Agulhas sole Austroglossus pectoralis, takes chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii as by-catch. Catch and effort data from the trawl fishery for the period 1978–1996 are used to obtain annual estimates of catch rate (catch per unit effort cpue) for that period. Examination of the cpue trend shows a sharp decline in the early 1980s and, in order to identify factors that could have influenced that decline, the distribution of fishing effort is investigated both temporally and spatially. There is a possible change in the incidence of squid-directed catches over time, but their overall scarcity could have had only a small impact on the annual cpue trend. Further, using distribution of fishing effort to evaluate the effects of possible changes in fishing patterns, rather than changes in resource abundance, on the trend in trawl cpue, it became clear that there had been a contraction of the trawling grounds and changes in fishing patterns in relation to depth over time. Finally, a general linear model (GLM) is developed to quantify the effect on cpue of factors such as vessel characteristic, depth and position of the drag, season and target species, so obtaining a standardized trawl cpue index of chokka abundance. Analysis of that trend reveals a mean 7.7% annual decline for the period investigated, which should be interpreted as a strong sign of resource decline. 相似文献
17.
The South African midwater trawl fishery targets adult horse mackerel Trachurus capensis. The bulk of the catch is taken by a single freezer-trawler, the biggest fishing vessel operating in South African waters. As fishing takes place off the south coast in ecologically sensitive areas, there are concerns about the potential impacts of this fishing operation on non-target species. Fishing behaviour and bycatch of this fishery from 2004 to 2014 were investigated by analysing observer records with regard to catch composition, volume and temporal and spatial patterns. The midwater trawl fishery was estimated to have caught 25 415 tonnes annually, with a bycatch of 6.9% of the total catch, by weight. There are species overlaps with various fisheries, namely the demersal trawl, small-pelagic, line, shark longline and squid fisheries, yet the total bycatch estimates from this fishery are generally small relative to catches taken in the target fisheries. Bycatch species with the highest average annual catches were chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, redeye roundherring Etrumeus whiteheadi, ribbonfish Lepidopus caudatus and hake Merluccius spp. Large-fauna bycatch species included sunfish Mola mola as well as a number of CITES II- and IUCN-listed species, such as Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus, dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus, smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena and thresher sharks Alopias spp. The 97.9% observer coverage is high and the 6.9% bycatch rate low compared to other South African fisheries; however, due to the large size of the individual hauls (average of 46.3 t), the average sampling rate of 1.56% is low. Our analyses suggest that bycatch in the South African midwater trawl fishery has been lower than in other South African fisheries and similar fisheries elsewhere, but due to the combination of high catch volumes and low sampling rates, estimation errors for rare species are high and there is a substantial risk of incidental unmonitored bycatch of rare large fauna and aggregations of small fauna. This could be mitigated by spatio-temporal management of this fishery, to avoid fishing in high-risk areas, and the introduction of an electronic monitoring programme. 相似文献
18.
Diel patterns in survey trawl catches for the Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus off Namibia were studied in order to examine the effect of diel bias on catchability, and its implication for survey abundance estimation and the consistency of the survey time-series. Catch rates (numbers per haul) by species and length from summer demersal biomass surveys conducted during the period 2002–2013 were used, together with a computation of the corresponding light-level data from which the solar zenith angles were obtained. Generalised additive models were fitted to assess the relationship between the catches and a number of explanatory variables. Significant covariates were zenith angle, depth and geographical position. The final models explained 78% and 59% of the variability in catch rates of M. capensis and M. paradoxus, respectively. For M. capensis, the response to zenith angle increased sharply for values above 100°, which represents the time between sunset and sunrise. For M. paradoxus there was a moderate increase in the response to zenith angle during the night. In cases where some fishing took place at night in shallow water, the survey results for M. capensis were more greatly affected than was the case for M. paradoxus, which is related to the different depth preference of the two species. Fishing in depths shallower than 400?m outside daylight hours should therefore be avoided in order to reduce bias and ensure consistency in abundance estimates from surveys. 相似文献
19.
Surveys are often insufficient to accurately capture the distribution of a species in both space and time. Complementary to the use of research vessel data, platforms of opportunity can be a powerful strategy to monitor species distributions at high temporal and spatial resolution.In this study we use data from commercial fishing vessels, collecting – under the European Union data collection framework – biological data on all species that are caught and subsequently discarded. Using such discard data in combination with a systematic trawl survey, we model the spatial and temporal distribution of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the central North Sea. There is a clear age-dependent difference between the commercial fishing vessel data and the research vessel data, with age 1 being the dominating age in the survey catches, while age 2 is the dominating age in the discards. The results show how immature plaice, slowly migrate from the nursery areas, westwards into the deeper regions of the North Sea. Also, the results show that during the study period, juvenile plaice gradually moved to deeper waters at an earlier age. Finally we discuss how the framework can be applied to similar opportunistic data to monitor seasonal and inter-annual migration of marine organisms, and to quantify how they may be influenced by biotic and abiotic gradients, such as temperature. 相似文献
20.
胶州湾及其邻近水域渔业生物多样性的调查研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
根据2003年10月-2004年5月逐月采集胶州湾及其邻近水域作业的定置网和底拖网具渔获物的分析与测定，记述了该海区出现的106种渔业生物，并进行了定置网和底拖网的渔获物组成的比较，分析了种类组成特点及生物多样性的季节变化情况。结果表明，本调查区域渔获物以小型低值鱼类、经济无脊椎动物和经济幼鱼为主，渔获个体偏小。据此提出了保护近海生物多样性与合理利用近海渔业资源的一些建议。本次调查还首次记录了我国黄海沿岸罕见的蛇鳗科鱼类一长吻沙蛇鳗Ophisurusmacrorhynchus，为青岛近海的渔业生物多样性的研究增添了新的资料。 相似文献