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1.
熊鹰 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1123-1137
The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quantitative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment. 相似文献
2.
The causes and environmental effects of land use conversion during agricultural restructuring in Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1IntroductionLand use change has received lots of attention internationally (Turner etal., 1994). Understanding of the mechanism of land use change and its adverse effect on the environment is conducive to understanding of population, resources, environment and sustainable economic development on the global, national and regional scales. With the rapid rise in human population, human-induced changes in land use form an important component of regional environmental change. In China, to emphasi… 相似文献
3.
The coupled characteristics of the physical process between sea ice of two poles and Tibetan land surface 
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下载免费PDF全文 In order to discuss the characteristics of sea ice change of strong signal area on Antarctic and Arctic and the correlation between the thermal state on the land surface of Tibetan Plateau and the atmosphere circulation of North Hemisphere or the climate changes in China, and to study the feedback mechanism among “three-pole” factors, the earlier stage “three-pole” strong signal characteristics by using statistic methods such as teleconnection,which affect the regional climate changes in China and East Asia. The cross-correlation feature and coupling effect between ice caps of North and South pole and water-thermal state on Tibetan Plateau surface are discussed as well. The contribution of three-pole's earlier stage factors to China's summer climate change and the influence of its dynamic structure are compared here. The formation mechanisms of global climate change and regional climate change of China are investigated from the aspect of qualitative correlation mode of global sea-land-air-ice. 相似文献
4.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
5.
The Zoige Wetland is located in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is highly sensitive to global environment change and human disturbance because of its high elevation and cold environment, thus, it’s a hotspot for land use and land cover change (LUCC) research. We used Landsat MSS images from 1975, Landsat ETM images from 2000, and Landsat TM images from 1990 and 2005 to assess the LUCC in the study area, using GIS techniques, as well as topographic, vegetation, and soil maps combined with field investigations. The monitoring result shows that the study area’s environment degraded rapidly between 1975 and 2005, including wetland shrinkage from 5,308 km2 to 4,980 km2, sandy land expansion from 112 km2 to 137 km2, forest land decreasing from 5,686 km2 to 5,443 km2, and grassland degradation from 12,309 km2 to 10,672 km2. According to the analysis of meteorological data and social-economic statistical data, we concluded that the LUCC in the Zoige Wetland was caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors, but human activities were primarily responsible for the observed LUCC, thereby, we suggest human behaviors must be adjusted to control environmental degradation. 相似文献
6.
Identification of the spatial mismatch between land use functions(LUFs) and land use efficiencies(LUEs) is essential to regional land use policies. However, previous studies about LUF-LUE mismatch and its driving factors have been insufficient. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal mismatch of LUFs and LUEs and their influencing factors from 2000 to 2018 in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYR). Specifically, we used Spearman correlation analysis to reveal the trade-off relations... 相似文献
7.
吉林省西部土地沙化动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sandy land of the western part of Jilin Province is located in the ecotone of semi-humid and semi-arid area in the temperate zone of China. The sandy desertification has widely spread in the region because of the vulnerable natural conditions and the unreasonable human activity; as a result of this, the precious land resources and the economic development in the area have been seriously impacted. In this paper, the sandy land ecologic environment geographic information system is established based on the multi-spectral, multi-temporal Landsat TM images and field investigation. The comprehensive indexes of sandy desertification extent assessment which include vegetation degradation, wind erosion extent and soil depth are presented to classify the sandy land in western Jilin into three levels--slight, moderate and severe sandy desertification with the support of GIS platform. The results demonstrate that the sandy desertification has been partly controlled in the past twenty years, except some small sites. However, this doesn‘t necessarily mean that there is nothing for more concern. The two main causes of sandy desertification have not been eliminated yet, one is its natural factor, especially the physical and chemical characters of sandy soil and dry climate; another is the immoderate economic activity of human being that has highly accelerated the sandy desertification process. 相似文献
8.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(2)
Elucidating the complex mechanism between urbanization,economic growth,carbon dioxide emissions is fundamental necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Based on a balanced panel data of 31 provinces in China over the period 1997–2010,this study empirically examines the relationships among urbanization,economic growth and carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions at the national and regional levels using panel cointegration and vector error correction model and Granger causality tests. Results showed that urbanization,economic growth and CO2 emissions are integrated of order one. Urbanization contributes to economic growth,both of which increase CO2 emissions in China and its eastern,central and western regions. The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in the western region was larger than that in the eastern and central regions. But economic growth had a larger impact on CO2 emissions in the eastern region than that in the central and western regions. Panel causality analysis revealed a bidirectional long-run causal relationship among urbanization,economic growth and CO2 emissions,indicating that in the long run,urbanization does have a causal effect on economic growth in China,both of which have causal effect on CO2 emissions. At the regional level,we also found a bidirectional long-run causality between land urbanization and economic growth in eastern and central China. These results demonstrated that it might be difficult for China to pursue carbon emissions reduction policy and to control urban expansion without impeding economic growth in the long run. In the short-run,we observed a unidirectional causation running from land urbanization to CO2 emissions and from economic growth to CO2 emissions in the eastern and central regions. Further investigations revealed an inverted N-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China,not supporting the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC) hypothesis. Our empirical findings have an important reference value for policy-makers in formulating effective energy saving and emission reduction strategies for China. 相似文献
9.
长沙城市土地扩张特征及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
This research systematically analyses land-use map of Changsha city in different periods of time. The spatial form and structural evolution was analysed by studying indices such as city land-use structure proportion, expansion intensity, economic flexibility, population flexibility, changing compactness index and so on. The dynamic mechanism of urban land expansion has been discussed by integrating the regional social economy development situation and many aspects such as the physiographical surrounding, population and economic development, traffic infrastructure, planning and regional development tactic and system innovation. The research indicates that the urban land expansion speed and intensity have steadily increased in Changsha from 1949 to 2004. The expansion form has been from a single external expansion to a combination form of external and internal expansion, from a circular or linear continuous form to a blocky or agglomeration shape. Overall, the urban land expansion of Changsha city is a phasic, diversified and complex process. And no matter what the stage is, it is an organic system containing multiple speed, pattern and shape, which are driven by multiple impetuses. The dominant feature at different stages was highlighted be- cause of the balance and fluctuation between different forces, and the existing urban land border and shape have resulted from the joint efforts of these phasic forces. 相似文献
10.
《地理学报(英文版)》2018,(8)
The question of how to generate maximum socio-economic benefits while at the same time minimizing input from urban land resources lies at the core of regional ecological civilization construction.We apply stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)in this study to municipal input-output data for the period between 2005 and 2014 to evaluate the urbanization efficiency of 110 cities within the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)and then further assess the spatial association characteristics of these values.The results of this study initially reveal that the urbanization efficiency of the YREB increased from 0.34 to 0.53 between 2005 and2014,a significant growth at a cumulative rate of 54.07%.Data show that the efficiency growth rate of cities within the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been faster than that of their counterparts in the middle and lower reaches,and that there is also a great deal of additional potential for growth in urbanization efficiency across the whole area.Secondly,results show that urbanization efficiency conforms to a"bar-like"distribution across the whole area,gradually decreasing from the east to the west.This trend highlights great intra-provincial differences,but also striking inter-provincial variation within the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The total urbanization efficiency of cities within the lower reaches of the river has been the highest,followed successively by those within the middle and upper reaches.Finally,values for Moran’s I within this area remained higher than zero over the study period and have increased annually;this result indicates a positive spatial correlation between the urbanization efficiency of cities and annual increments in agglomeration level.Our use of the local indicators of spatial association(LISA)statistic has enabled us to quantify characteristics of"small agglomeration and large dispersion".Thus,"high-high" (H-H)agglomeration areas can be seen to have spread outwards from around Zhejiang Province and the city of Shanghai,while areas characterized by"low-low"(L-L)patterns are mainly concentrated in the north of Anhui Province and in Sichuan Province.The framework and results of this research are of considerable significance to our understanding of both land use sustainability and balanced development. 相似文献
11.
Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province, thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activities there. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism, process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities, and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways. In detail, this study includes three main sections: the first section analyzes the mechanism, causes and characteristics of land degradation, which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural, social and economic context. Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS, and combined with the modeling methods, the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; As to the third section, feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are proposed, which are studied from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy, and the conception of regional sustainable development. 相似文献
12.
沿海发达地区土地利用转换的人文驱动机制研究--以温州市为例 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
随着区域土地利用研究的日益深入,区域土地利用的转化及其驱动机制成为学术研究的新热点。国内外区域土地利用转化的研究表明,人文因素是区域土地利用转化主导驱动力的观点已得到共识,但其驱动机制及其驱动力的传导机制仍需进一步探讨。本文通过文献资料搜索和实地调研,揭示了90年代以来温州市土地利用转化的基本特征。指出土地利用转化的关键性人文因素主要是政策驱动力、经济驱动力与城镇化发展驱动力,这三种驱动力共同存在,相互作用,但同时也具有各自的主导传导机制。为此国家在实施区域土地利用宏观调控时,应当因地制宜,更加关注主导人文驱动力在具体区域环境下的重要程度及其结合过程。 相似文献
13.
塔里木河干流土地利用/覆盖变化的社会经济驱动力分析 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动力分析是土地利用/覆盖研究的一个主要核心内容。利用相关分析和主成分分析,探讨土地利用变化的社会经济驱动力。在驱动力分析的基础上,建立人口因素与土地利用程度的分异模型,并通过干扰度指数的计算,分析人类活动对不同景观类型的干扰强度。研究结果表明：研究区土地利用变化的主要社会经济驱动力为：人口因素、经济因素、技术因素和区域社会经济发展程度等。人类活动对建设用地的干扰强度最大,其次是林地、耕地和水域,而对于其他景观类型的干扰度则不甚明显。人口密度与土地利用程度的分异模型适用于分析现阶段人口密度与土地利用程度之间的关系,而且还可以通过预测未来人口变化状况进行土地利用程度的预测。 相似文献
14.
在阐述建设用地错配机制的基础上,构建建设用地错配测度模型和错配机制计量模型,重点探讨中国2001－2016年城市建设用地错配时空特征、驱动机制及其空间效应。结果表明：1）中国建设用地错配呈现先下降后上升的发展趋势和西高东低的空间分布格局;2）中国建设用地错配及其影响因素呈现空间集聚与关联特征,但空间关联效应有减弱态势;3）土地财政依赖、产业结构优化、市场发育完善对建设用地错配具有显著的负向影响;4）政府腐败和经济发展对建设用地错配具有显著的正向影响且存在空间溢出效应。中国建设用地错配普遍存在且有上升态势,转变经济发展方式、加大政府腐败治理力度、完善市场机制和区域一体化建设能够有效缓解区域建设用地错配。 相似文献
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基于政府力和社会力交互作用视角的半城市化地区工业用地演化特征及其机制研究——以佛山市顺德区为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
聚焦于乡村工业用地混杂及分散化特征较为显著的佛山市顺德区,系统分析乡村工业用地演化过程和用地特征,并以政府力和社会力的交互机制为分析框架,辨析珠三角半城市化地区的乡村工业用地演化的动力机制。结果表明：顺德区工业用地的发展可以分为4个阶段：① 1984~1991年,自下而上农村工业化,用地空间分散发展阶段,其驱动力主要为政府力与社会力一致。② 1992~1998年,产权制度改革,促进农村工业用地规模化发展阶段,其驱动力为政府力与社会力势均力敌。③1999~2005年,集约开发促成农村工业化集中发展阶段,其驱动力特征为政府力压制社会力。④2006年以后,农村工业化进入全面调整阶段,其驱动力特征为政府力与社会力相持。在顺德区工业用地空间演化过程中,政府力起主导作用,社会力相较于其它乡村型半城市化地区更为强大,政府力与社会力的相互作用的平衡点在于各个经济主体的利益均衡。在珠江三角洲半城市化地区,工业用地空间优化整合的前提是平衡各级政府力与自下而上的村民及村委的社会力,社会力的引导是破解农村工业化用地破碎化和混杂性的关键环节。 相似文献
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土地质量的空间变异与尺度效应研究进展 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
土地质量能体现自然因素与人类活动对土地的影响，直接关系着环境改善与土地持续利用。20世纪80年代以来，人口增长与经济发展对土地资源的压力越来越大，并导致了不同程度的土地质量退化，人们越来越关注土地质量的提高及其管理。深入认识不同尺度土地质量空间变化与发展对土地质量的提高与管理具有重要意义。本文首先介绍了土地质量和尺度的概念及其特征，阐述了空间变异的研究方法，重点综述了土地质量的空间变异与尺度效应研究进展，并提出了土地质量空间变异及其相关研究的发展趋势，以期对我国土地质量的研究和实现土地资源可持续利用有所启迪。 相似文献
19.
区域土地利用变化驱动力的成因分析 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：23
土地利用变化是全球变化研究的核心与热点问题，驱动力研究则是土地利用变化研究的难点。目前在驱动力研究方法上还存在过多依赖数学分析方法的趋向。该文从现代土地利用变化概念出发，提出成因分析概念，认为驱动力的反演具有复杂性与多样性的特点，在驱动机理研究中必须借助层次分析法，鉴别引发变化的直接原因，并对土地利用变化原因—表象间的关系进行剖析。 相似文献
20.
疏勒河流域土地利用变化驱动因素分析——以安西县为例 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
在西北干旱地区,土地利用结构的合理与否对区域生态环境和经济建设具有直接制约作用。本文以安西县为例,对疏勒河流域主要土地利用类型耕地、林地、草地、荒漠化土地变化驱动力以及与土地沙漠化之间的关系进行了分析研究,指出自然因素是制约土地利用水平和结构的基本要素,而人为因素对现代土地利用变化的驱动作用更为显著。耕地面积的增加主要与水资源开发利用率提高有直接关系,人口增长对耕地面积增加有间接促进作用。耕地面积减少则主要与人为不合理利用引起的土地荒漠化有关。在林地变化中,自然条件限制着该县森林发展,人为因素对林地变化的驱动作用大于自然因素的影响;草地面积减少主要是人为超载过牧和破坏的结果。此外,本文还根据数据分析并应用灰色关联度方法对导致当地土地荒漠化的最大驱动力进行判别。结果表明:引起该区荒漠化的最主要因素是超载过牧,其次是人口压力和农业开垦,区域气候变化对荒漠化的驱动作用要小于人为因素的驱动作用。分析指出,在尊重自然的基础上,进行科学管理,人为力量将成为优化干旱地区土地利用结构和提高生产力的重要驱动力。同时,提出了疏勒河流域土地利用结构合理化调整的原则建议。 相似文献