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During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
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月面环境过程研究评述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
月球在停止强烈地质活动后,持续了30多亿年的月面环境过程,虽破坏了月球早期岩浆洋演化和撞击事件的原始信息,但也很好地将这一过程信息刻录到了月表物质和月面环境现象中。一方面,长期的太空风化过程形成了月壤颗粒特有的表层微观结构、np Fe0、Fe-Si化合物及矿物水等;另一方面,这些特性又是影响月球表面热环境及尘埃环境的重要因素。在当前月球探测快速推进的形势下,工程实施迫切需要更系统地认识月面环境过程,而我国嫦娥五号任务将实现月球采样返回,也将是开展月面环境过程研究的重要契机。为此,本文总结了月面环境过程研究的现状,分析了存在的主要问题和未来研究的方向。 相似文献
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中国东北地区农业水土资源匹配格局 总被引：58，自引：2，他引：56
水土资源匹配系数（Ri）．是指表征特定区域农业生产可洪水资源与耕地资源在时空上适宜匹配的量比关系依据东北地区1997～2002年土地利用、水资源和人口数据．从水土资源总量及其匹配的动态分析入手．构建了农业水土资源匹配分析模型。模拟分析表明：东北地区农业水土资源匹配欠佳且区内差异较大．占全国16．68％的耕地面积仅拥有占全国4．01％的水资源量．水土匹配系数为1．153．低于全国平均水平（1．441）根据市域尺度R1值的差异性．将东北农业水土资源的匹配程度划分为匹配较优、良好、一般、较差和极差等5个等级区域水利工程建设．是增强水土资源匹配程度的根本途径．东北农田水利重在“北水南调”等大型骨干工程与中小水利工程的配套建设,重视发展井采结合、节水高效的现代灌溉农业。 相似文献
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空间环境中,暴露在太阳风等离子体和紫外辐射中的尘埃颗粒由于光电发射等而带电。月球光照区带电的尘埃颗粒受静电场驱动或微陨石轰击发生迁移。本文计算结果表明,月球光照区粒径为0.01μm的尘埃颗粒静电迁移达到的最大高度约为1km,而在月球黑暗区亚微米级的尘埃颗粒静电迁移可以到达50km的高度。尽管微陨石轰击溅射的尘埃颗粒可到达~100km的高度,但是尘埃数密度与微陨石轰击事件直接相关,并随着高度变化。由于重力作用,溅射的尘埃快速沉降。溅射和沉降过程中,尘埃颗粒由于光电发射等继续充电。在局部电场强度和德拜鞘高度分别为5V/m和1m条件下,粒径<0.37μm的带电尘埃颗粒以"弹跳模式"运动,而粒径>0.37μm的带电尘埃颗粒返回月表,并再次轰击溅射尘埃。根据本文结果可以推断,月球尘埃实验(LDEX)在月球夜晚20~60km高度记录的尘埃事件可能与尘埃的静电迁移相关,但是月球白天记录的事件可能并不包括静电迁移的部分。 相似文献
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