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1.
简要介绍了以航线为单元 ,通过相位平滑递推算法在航求解双差载波相位观测量整周相位模糊度 ,进而确定各摄站空间位置的无初始化GPS动态定位原理 ,对某测区一组实际航摄资料进行GPS数据处理和GPS辅助光束法区域网平差 ,证实所介绍的算法是正确的、有效的 ,所获取的GPS摄站坐标可满足空中三角测量的精度要求 ,并且用该数据与经初始化GPS动态定位获取的GPS摄站坐标数据进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的总体精度是完全一致的。 相似文献
2.
OTF方法及其在GPS辅助航空摄影测量数据处理中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文提出了一种基于伪距，载波相位双差卡尔曼滤波的ＯＴＦ方法，并成功地用它处理１９９６年５月在北京进行的ＧＰＳ辅助航空摄影测量动态定位数据。数据处理的结果表明，这种方法对于距离远达５０ｋｍ，高差大于２４００ｍ的ＤＧＰＳ测量能够迅速，有效地解算出正确的整周模糊度，在固定整周模糊度后可提供优于１ｄｍ的差分定位精度。此外，本文还提出了３种检验ＯＴＦ解算可靠性的方法。 相似文献
3.
GPS单点测速的误差分析及精度评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
首先从理论和实测数据模拟两方面分析了SA取消后各类误差源对GPS测速的影响,推导并计算了GPS单点测速可能达到的精度水平。然后用静态数据模拟动态测速试验和实测动态数据测速与同步高精度惯导测速的动态试验进行验证。结果表明,采用载波相位导出的多普勒观测值使用静态数据模拟动态测速,其精度可以达到mm/s级;用接收机输出的多普勒观测值进行测速时,其精度为cm/s级。在动态测速试验中,GPS单点测速方法（即多普勒观测值测速与导出多普勒观测值测速）间的符合精度达到cm/s级,与高精度的惯导测速结果的符合精度为dm/s级,而且和运动载体的动态条件（如加速度和加速度变化率的大小）具有很强的相关性。 相似文献
4.
Error sources which decrease the accuracy of GPS in absolute velocity determination have been changed since SA was turned off. Firstly, quantities of all kinds of error sources that influence velocity determination are analyzed. The potential accuracy of GPS absolute velocity determination is derived from both theory and field GPS data simulation. After that, two tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of GPS absolute velocity determination in the case of a static and an airborne GPS receiver and INS （Inertial Navigation System） instrument in kinematic mode. In static mode, the receiver velocity has been estimated to be several mm/s with the carrier-phase derived Doppler measurements, and several cm/s with the receiver generated Doppler measurements. In kinematic mode, GPS absolute velocity estimates are compared with the synchronized measurements from the high accuracy INS. The root mean square statistics of the velocity discrepancies between GPS and INS come up to dm/s. Moreover, it has a strong correlation with the acceleration or jerk of the aircraft. 相似文献
5.
Since the Selective Availability was turned off, the velocity and acceleration can be determined accurately with a single GPS receiver using raw Doppler measurements. The carrier-phase-derived Doppler measurements are normally used to determine velocity and acceleration when there is no direct output of the raw Doppler observations in GPS receivers. Due to GPS receiver clock drifts, however, a GPS receiver clock jump occurs when the GPS receiver clock resets itself (typically with 1 ms increment/decrement) to synchronize with the GPS time. The clock jump affects the corresponding relationship between measurements and their time tags, which results in non-equidistant measurement sampling in time or incorrect time tags. This in turn affects velocity and acceleration determined for a GPS receiver by the conventional method which needs equidistant carrier phases to construct the derived Doppler measurements. To overcome this problem, an improved method that takes into account, GPS receiver clock jumps are devised to generate non-equidistant-derived Doppler observations based on non-equidistant carrier phases. Test results for static and kinematic receivers, which are obtained by using the conventional method without reconstructing the equidistant continuous carrier phases, show that receiver velocity and acceleration suffered significantly from clock jumps. An airborne kinematic experiment shows that the greatest impact on velocity and acceleration reaches up to 0.2 m/s, 0.1 m/s2 for the horizontal component and 0.5 m/s, 0.25 m/s2 for the vertical component. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that velocity and acceleration measurements by using a standalone GPS receiver can be immune to the influence of GPS receiver clock jumps with the proposed method. 相似文献
6.
Assessment of long-range kinematic GPS positioning errors by comparison with airborne laser altimetry and satellite altimetry 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Long-range airborne laser altimetry and laser scanning (LIDAR) or airborne gravity surveys in, for example, polar or oceanic
areas require airborne kinematic GPS baselines of many hundreds of kilometers in length. In such instances, with the complications
of ionospheric biases, it can be a real challenge for traditional differential kinematic GPS software to obtain reasonable
solutions. In this paper, we will describe attempts to validate an implementation of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique
on an aircraft without the use of a local GPS reference station. We will compare PPP solutions with other conventional GPS
solutions, as well as with independent data by comparison of airborne laser data with “ground truth” heights. The comparisons
involve two flights: A July 5, 2003, airborne laser flight line across the North Atlantic from Iceland to Scotland, and a
May 24, 2004, flight in an area of the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland, near-coincident in time and space with the ICESat
satellite laser altimeter. Both of these flights were more than 800 km long. Comparisons between different GPS methods and
four different software packages do not suggest a clear preference for any one, with the heights generally showing decimeter-level
agreement. For the comparison with the independent ICESat- and LIDAR-derived “ground truth” of ocean or sea-ice heights, the
statistics of comparison show a typical fit of around 10 cm RMS in the North Atlantic, and 30 cm in the sea-ice region north
of Greenland. Part of the latter 30 cm error is likely due to errors in the airborne LIDAR measurement and calibration, as
well as errors in the “ground truth” ocean surfaces due to drifting sea-ice. Nevertheless, the potential of the PPP method
for generating 10 cm level kinematic height positioning over long baselines is illustrated. 相似文献
7.
提出了一种基于历元间相位差分的GPS/BDS单机实时动态定位算法。该方法采用历元间载波相位差分数据准确计算出载体的位置变化量;并以此描述载体的运动状态变化,建立动态定位滤波模型的状态方程。同时以历元间载波相位差分数据与伪距数据作为主要观测值,采用扩展Kalman滤波实时估计载体的位置和钟差。采用自主编制的软件对静态与车载GPS/BDS实测数据进行处理,结果表明:采用该方法,定位结果精度优于传统的标准单点定位算法与载波相位平滑伪距算法;而且算法具有较好的稳定性,与载体的运动状态无关。 相似文献
8.
DAI LiwenHAN ShaoweiChris Rizos 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(4):9-18
1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅａｌ＿ｔｉｍｅｋｉｎｅｍａｔｉｃＧＰＳｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｌａｙｉｎｇａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒｏｌｅｉｎｂｏｔｈｓｕｒｖｅｙｉｎｇａｎｄｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅａｎｄｃｏｒｒｅｃｔａｍｂｉｇｕｉｔｙｒｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａ ｔｉｏｎｓｕｐｏｎａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅ… 相似文献
9.
Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites, the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS. In this paper a novel data processing strategy, involving a three-step procedure, for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed. The first is pseudo-range-based positioning, that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias. The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities, by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step. The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite). A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution, is also discussed. The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning. From four experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate. The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km). 相似文献
10.
针对GPS载波相位观测值中出现的周跳,首先分别对GPS相位观测值做单差和双差处理,再根据小波变换检测信号的奇异性原理,将GPS相位观测值发生周跳处视为信号的奇异点,通过MATLAB编程,分别对相位单差和双差观测值进行小波变换来探测周跳.实验证明,基于差分法的小波变换周跳探测效率比较高,周跳位置探测比较准,而且双差观测值的周跳探测比单差观测值效果好. 相似文献
11.
在提出单历元解算GPS模糊度技术的基础上 ,使用INS间接法误差模型 ,提出了一种GPS双差载波相位多普勒 /INS全组合Kalman滤波的新方法 ,高精度直接解算机载TLS中的外方位元素。仿真数据试验表明 ,其姿态精度高于 1 0″,位置精度高于 1 0cm。 相似文献
12.
Reduced dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination for the Swarm mission from 4 years of GPS tracking 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Precise science orbits for the first 4 years of the Swarm mission have been generated from onboard GPS measurements in a systematic reprocessing using refined models and processing techniques. Key enhancements relate to the introduction of macro-models for a more elaborate non-gravitational force modeling (solar radiation pressure, atmospheric drag and lift, earth albedo), as well as carrier phase ambiguity fixing. Validation using satellite laser ranging demonstrates a 30% improvement in the precision of the reduced dynamic orbits with resulting errors at the 0.5–1 cm level (1D RMS). A notable performance improvement is likewise achieved for the kinematic orbits, which benefit most from the ambiguity fixing and show a 50% error reduction in terms of SLR residuals while differences with respect to reduced dynamic ephemerides amount to only 1.7 cm (median of daily 3D RMS). Compared to the past kinematic science orbits based on float-ambiguity estimates, the new kinematic position solutions exhibit a factor of reduction of two to three in Allan deviation at time scales of 1000s and higher, and promise an improved recovery of low-degree and -order gravity field coefficients in Swarm gravity field analyses. 相似文献
13.
Cheinway Hwang Tzu-Pang Tseng Tingjung Lin Dražen Švehla Bill Schreiner 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(5):477-489
The joint Taiwan–US mission FORMOSAT-3/ COSMIC (COSMIC) was launched on April 17, 2006. Each of the six satellites is equipped
with two POD antennas. The orbits of the six satellites are determined from GPS data using zero-difference carrier-phase measurements
by the reduced dynamic and kinematic methods. The effects of satellite center of mass (COM) variation, satellite attitude,
GPS antenna phase center variation (PCV), and cable delay difference on the COSMIC orbit determination are studied. Nominal
attitudes estimated from satellite state vectors deliver a better orbit accuracy when compared to observed attitude. Numerical
tests show that the COSMIC COM must be precisely calibrated in order not to corrupt orbit determination. Based on the analyses
of the 5 and 6-h orbit overlaps of two 30-h arcs, orbit accuracies from the reduced dynamic and kinematic solutions are nearly
identical and are at the 2–3 cm level. The mean RMS difference between the orbits from this paper and those from UCAR (near
real-time) and WHU (post-processed) is about 10 cm, which is largely due to different uses of GPS ephemerides, high-rate GPS
clocks and force models. The kinematic orbits of COSMIC are expected to be used for recovery of temporal variations in the
gravity field. 相似文献
14.
Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Qile Zhao Jing Guo Min Li Lizhong Qu Zhigang Hu Chuang Shi Jingnan Liu 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(5):475-486
The development of the COMPASS satellite system is introduced, and the regional tracking network and data availability are described. The precise orbit determination strategy of COMPASS satellites is presented. Data of June 2012 are processed. The obtained orbits are evaluated by analysis of post-fit residuals, orbit overlap comparison and SLR (satellite laser ranging) validation. The RMS (root mean square) values of post-fit residuals for one month’s data are smaller than 2.0 cm for ionosphere-free phase measurements and 2.6 m for ionosphere-free code observations. The 48-h orbit overlap comparison shows that the RMS values of differences in the radial component are much smaller than 10 cm and those of the cross-track component are smaller than 20 cm. The SLR validation shows that the overall RMS of observed minus computed residuals is 68.5 cm for G01 and 10.8 cm for I03. The static and kinematic PPP solutions are produced to further evaluate the accuracy of COMPASS orbit and clock products. The static daily COMPASS PPP solutions achieve an accuracy of better than 1 cm in horizontal and 3 cm in vertical. The accuracy of the COMPASS kinematic PPP solutions is within 1–2 cm in the horizontal and 4–7 cm in the vertical. In addition, we find that the COMPASS kinematic solutions are generally better than the GPS ones for the selected location. Furthermore, the COMPASS/GPS combinations significantly improve the accuracy of GPS only PPP solutions. The RMS values are basically smaller than 1 cm in the horizontal components and 3–4 cm in the vertical component. 相似文献
15.
16.
The alignments of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) utilizing GPS carrier phase rate measurements is introduced. In this paper, a measurement model of GPS carrier phase rate under two antenna configurations is derived in order to be used for the SDINS alignment process. For in-flight alignment, the performance of the proposed SDINS/GPS integration method is analyzed using the covariance analysis and the overall performance is briefly confirmed by the navigation result of a van test. Furthermore, we find that during in-flight alignment the proposed SDINS/GPS integrated system using GPS carrier phase rate measurements can be implemented in real time because the integer ambiguity problem resulting from carrier phase measurements is avoided. 相似文献
17.
考虑随机模型精化的精密GPS动态定位新方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GPS动态定位要求建立函数模型和随机模型。函数模型描述的是观测值和待估参数之间的物理和几何关系，随机模型描述了GPS观测值的统计特征，并通过观测值的方差协方差给定了每个观测值对最后的定位结果的贡献。正确给定函数模型和随机模型对于GPS定位结果的估计和观测值的粗差探测均至关重要。由于有各种误差存在于伪距和载波相位观测值中，一般GPS动态定位模型均采用双差观测值来构建函数模型。有时候，仔细地使用单差观测值，较之双差观测值有更多的优点，给出了选用单差观测值的理由。但是单差观测值给函数模型带来了接收机钟差，如果直接使用单差观测方程，设计矩阵是奇异的。为了解决这个问题，将伪距观测值中接收机钟差项和接收机延迟项合并为一个新的未知参数。至于载波相位观测值，首先选定一个参考卫星，然后在观测方程的右端同时增加一正一负的参考卫星单差整周模糊度，将正项与接收机钟差项和接收机延迟项合并为一个新的未知参数，将负项和原观测方程中的单差整周模糊度项合并为双差整周模糊度，而参考卫星观测方程的模糊度项则为零，这样无须组建双差观测值，软件实现较容易，也可以直接使用LAMBDA法求整周模糊度，最终也解决了观测方程奇异的问题。准确理解观测值的统计特征是建立GPS随机模型的基础，长期以来GPS商业软件均采用简化模型。关于GPS随机模型的研究远没有函数模型那样受到广泛关注，静态GPS定位可以采用方差协方差分量估计等严密的方法，而动态定位无法承担方差协方差分量估计的计算负担。GPS观测值的信噪比(SNR)是GPS接收机观测过程中的副产品，影响SNR值的因素，如大气层、多路径、接收机内部电路等，也正好是GPS观测值的误差源，因此GPS观测值的方差与SNR存在一定的对应关系。利用这个对应关系来精化GPS随机模型。为了验证本文采用的函数模型的正确性和随机模型的有效性，我们对1999年的一次实测数据(包括零基线和短基线)进行了试算。与零基线的真值和GPSurvey 2．35处理的短基线静态结果比较，表明使用的函数模型是正确的。简化随机模型和精化随机模型处理的结果比较说明精化模型提高了基线处理的精度，同时说明了研究GPS随机模型精化的必要性。 相似文献
18.
Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
The main challenge of dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires about 30 min to obtain centimeter-level accuracy or to succeed in the first ambiguity-fixing. Currently, PPP is generally conducted with GPS only using the ionosphere-free combination. We adopt a single-differenced (SD) between-satellite PPP model to combine the GPS and GLONASS raw dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, in which the GPS satellite with the highest elevation is selected as the reference satellite to form the SD between-satellite measurements. We use a 7-day data set from 178 IGS stations to investigate the contribution of GLONASS observations to both ambiguity-float and ambiguity-fixed SD PPP solutions, in both kinematic and static modes. In ambiguity-fixed PPP, we only attempt to fix GPS integer ambiguities, leaving GLONASS ambiguities as float values. Numerous experimental results show that PPP with GLONASS and GPS requires much less convergence time than that of PPP with GPS alone. For ambiguity-float PPP, the average convergence time can be reduced by 45.9 % from 22.9 to 12.4 min in static mode and by 57.9 % from 40.6 to 17.7 min in kinematic mode, respectively. For ambiguity-fixed PPP, the average time to the first-fixed solution can be reduced by 27.4 % from 21.6 to 15.7 min in static mode and by 42.0 % from 34.4 to 20.0 min in kinematic mode, respectively. Experimental results also show that the less the GPS satellites are used in float PPP, the more significant is the reduction in convergence time when adding GLONASS observations. In addition, on average, more than 4 GLONASS satellites can be observed for most 2-h observation sessions. Nearly, the same improvement in convergence time reduction is achieved for those observations. 相似文献
19.
Stochastic assessment of GPS carrier phase measurements for precise static relative positioning 总被引：17，自引：11，他引：17
Global positioning system (GPS) carrier phase measurements are used in all precise static relative positioning applications.
The GPS carrier phase measurements are generally processed using the least-squares method, for which both functional and stochastic
models need to be carefully defined. Whilst the functional model for precise GPS positioning is well documented in the literature,
realistic stochastic modelling for the GPS carrier phase measurements is still both a controversial topic and a difficult
task to accomplish in practice. The common practice of assuming that the raw GPS measurements are statistically independent
in space and time, and have the same accuracy, is certainly not realistic. Any mis-specification in the stochastic model will
inevitably lead to unreliable positioning results. A stochastic assessment procedure has been developed to take into account
the heteroscedastic, space- and time-correlated error structure of the GPS measurements. Test results indicate that the reliability
of the estimated positioning results is improved by applying the developed stochastic assessment procedure. In addition, the
quality of ambiguity resolution can be more realistically evaluated.
Received: 13 February 2001 / Accepted: 3 September 2001 相似文献
20.
Carrier phase wind-up in GPS reflectometry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Georg Beyerle 《GPS Solutions》2009,13(3):191-198
Changes in GPS transmitter and receiver antenna orientations induce variations in observed carrier phase values. An analytic
formula for this well-known carrier phase wind-up correction is derived which generalizes a previous result. In addition,
it is shown that in GPS reflectometry the wind-up values of direct and coherently reflected rays may differ by up to several
centimeters. The results are discussed on the basis of simulated measurements. 相似文献