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1.
结构面抗剪强度参数对岩质边坡稳定的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
边坡工程中,结构面抗剪强度是非常重要的力学参数,合理地选择确定抗剪强度的方法,常常要分析c、值在边坡稳定中的作用。根据极限平衡原理,对10~30m高的平面滑动型边坡不同抗剪强度的控稳结构面c、值在边坡稳定中的作用进行了定量分析。研究表明c值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐减弱,值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐增强。得到了不同坡高下c、值边坡稳定作用等值曲线,该曲线很容易确定抗剪强度参数c、值在边坡稳定中的作用。 相似文献
2.
The ability of debris, heavily freighted with coarse clastic materials, to flow on gentle slopes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Observations of many debris-flow deposits on gently-sloping alluvial fans have disclosed that debris commonly is heavily loaded with coarse clastic material and contains large isolated blocks. The paper describes how debris charged with coarse granular material can transport large blocks, yet flow on gentle slopes. Experimental results of mixing sand-sized particles with a slurry of clay plus water indicate that 45–55 vol. % of a single size, and up to 64% of two selected sizes, can be added before interlocking occurs. Theoretical analysis of multi-size classes suggest that 89 to more than 95 vol. % debris can be clastic materials without significant particle interlocking. The clay fraction, even if minor, plays a critical role in determining strength properties of debris. The mixture of clay plus water provides a cohesive slurry that supports fine-grained particles within the debris, as well as reduces the effective normal stresses between the particles. The increased unit weight of the clay plus water plus fine-grained particles allows the support of coarser grained particles. The pyramiding upon the clay-water slurry continues until the entire debris mass is supported in a virtually frictionless position because of the reduced effective normal stress and the lack of particle interlocking. Thus, the ability of debris flows to support large blocks can be understood in terms of the high unit weight of the displaced debris plus the strength of the fluid phase; that is, the blocks float in the debris as a result of a small density difference between the blocks and the debris, plus the cohesive strength of the clay-water slurry. Also, the ability of coarse clastic debris to flow on gentle slopes probably is a result of poor sorting of debris-flow materials which contain minor amounts of clay. The poor sorting allows the debris to have a high density yet have essentially no interlocking of clasts. The high density of the debris reduces effective normal stresses between clasts, thereby reducing apparent friction of the mixture. 相似文献
3.
降雨诱发坡面型泥石流形成机理 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于野外调查和室内测试分析,依据岩土体破坏准则理论,结合典型坡面型泥石流进行剖析,从坡面型泥石流形成的影响因素、运动学特征、动力条件、形成与演化过程等方面,探讨了降雨诱发坡面型泥石流的形成机理。研究结果表明:坡面流以平移式滑动方式破坏为主,通常发生于残坡积土层厚度小(≤2.0 m)的陡坡地带(坡度≥40°),降雨是坡面型泥石流的主要触发因素,雨水入渗促使斜坡残坡积岩土体饱和软化,当土体含水率超过28%~30%,粘聚力、内摩擦角与含水率关系曲线都出现了明显的拐点,即饱和度超过75%时,其粘聚力和内摩擦角都发生急剧降低,斜坡土体由稳定状态向破坏状态演化。遇持续降雨(或暴雨)作用,此种残坡积土局部发生失稳下滑——流土,进而在动水压力作用下发生下泻造浆形成坡面泥石流。 相似文献
4.
Dominant particle support mechanisms in debris flows at Mt Thomas, New Zealand, and implications for flow mobility 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
THOMAS C. PIERSON 《Sedimentology》1981,28(1):49-60
Within zones of little or no deformation by internal shearing in debris flows at Mt Thomas, about two-thirds of the weight of large particles is supported by buoyancy and about one-third by static grain to-grain contact. In boundary shear zones of low velocity flows and in high velocity, turbulent debris flow, grain-to grain contact is replaced by turbulence and dispersive pressure. Cohesive strength of the clay + silt + water interstitial fluid provides less than 2 % of the force keeping particles larger than 1 cm gravel in suspension. Excess pore pressure is generated in the interstitial fluid by the weight of coarse particles suspended in the slurry. According to Coulomb strength theory, pore pressures measured in these debris-flow slurries reduce the shear strength of the material to less than 10 % of what it is in the unsaturated state. The excess pore pressures are slow to dissipate because of the small connections between pore spaces that result from the extremely poor sorting of the debris and the presence of silt and clay in the pore fluid. Maintenance of sufficient pore space to trap fluid and facilitate flow on low-gradient slopes may be accomplished by dilatancy and subsequent partial liquefaction of the debris during shear. 相似文献
5.
基于离散元的强度折减法分析岩质边坡稳定性 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
将通用离散元UDEC与强度折减法结合,对含多结构面的岩质边坡的稳定性进行了分析。通过对节理岩质边坡的UDEC模型中的可变形块体和节理单元的强度参数进行折减,使模型不能再达到平衡状态,此时的折减系数就是边坡的安全系数,另外,由对应的边坡块体的速度矢量可以确定滑动面和边坡的破坏形态。通过与传统的条分法的结果比较,表明基于UDEC的强度折减法是一种可靠、有效的方法,为复杂节理岩质边坡的滑动面确定与安全系数计算开辟了新的途径。 相似文献
6.
强度变化对崩坡积体堆积机制及稳定性影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用颗粒流PFC2D建立了岩土体物理模型,在此基础上设计了均以物理模型折减计算初始模型和以前一折减计算结果为下次折减计算初始模型两类计算条件,每一类又设计了只对凝聚力折减、仅对内摩擦角折减、强度参数同时折减3种计算方案,每种计算方案又包含折减1.0、0.50、0.10、0.01、0.0倍等5个计算工况。经对坡面演替、监测点x方向速度变化曲线等计算结果的对比分析发现：凝聚力对于岩土体的直立特性起控制作用,破坏模式多为崩塌倾倒模式;内摩擦角对于稳定坡角具有重要影响;强度参数同时衰减时,强度参数弱化幅度较大情况下岩土体呈散体物质破坏模式,为滑移渐进破坏模式,其中凝聚力弱化0.1倍前后（约10 kPa）后,破坏模式由崩塌破坏转变为滑移破坏。 相似文献
7.
Effects of Material Composition and Water Content on the Mechanical Properties of Landslide Deposits Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abundant landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, providing a rich source of material for subsequent debris flows or slope failures under rainfall conditions. A good understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of the landslide deposits is very important to the research on slope failure mechanisms and the initiation of debris flow. Laboratory biaxial compression tests are used to study the material compositions and water content impacts on the mechanical properties of landslide deposits, and a discrete element method (a bond-contact model) is used to study the particle stiffness, bond force, friction coefficient and confining stress impact on the mechanical behaviors and the relationships between the numerical and experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the failure stress of landslide deposits is decreased with increasing content of fine particles and also with increased water content, especially at the initial increasing stage. Cohesion of the saturated landslide deposits is increased, but the friction angle is decreased with the increase in the fine particle content. Shear strength parameters (the cohesion and friction angle) are decreased with the increasing water content at the initial increasing stage, and then, they slowly decrease. There is a critical value of the water content at 5%–7% (in weight) for the failure stress and shear strength parameters of the landslide deposits. Quadratic equations are presented to describe the relation between the bond force and cohesion, and the numerical friction coefficient and the experimental friction angle. 相似文献
8.
锚杆能够显著增强顺层岩质边坡的稳定性.基于顺层边坡结构效应,应用锚杆加固顺层边坡的力学模型,根据结构力学理论和变形协调关系,建立拉剪作用下全长粘结型锚杆加固顺层边坡抗剪计算的理论分析方法.与相关试验数据进行了比较验证,结果表明顺层边坡锚固抗力模型计算结果与试验结果比较一致,验证了理论模型的合理性.讨论了锚杆倾角、锚杆直径、灌浆体强度、结构面内摩擦角、剪胀角等对加锚顺层岩体抗剪性能的影响.分析表明:锚杆锚固抗力模型能够较好地反映锚杆轴力及横向剪切力对顺层岩质边坡的抗剪作用.锚杆倾角越大,锚杆总的抗力呈减小趋势,而锚杆抗力随剪胀角增大而增加;当锚杆倾角等于内摩擦角时,锚杆抗力达到最大;锚杆抗力随锚杆直径增加而增大;当锚杆直径不变时,锚杆抗力随灌浆体抗压强度增大而有所减小. 相似文献
9.
Rainfall is an important factor to trigger the slope failure such as landslides and debris flows. First, the relationship between rainfall duration with the initiation of debris flow and rainfall intensity was mainly studied by the series tests in a box model. Then, the rainfall induced responses of slopes and the initiation of slope failure were simulated by using the software FLAC2D based on the soil parameters in Weijia Gully, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. The effects of the slope angle, rainfall intensity, soil parameters on the development of the stress, and pore pressure in the soil of the slope were analyzed. It indicates that largest displacements in the slope are mainly located near the toe. With the increase of the rainfall intensity, the effective stress in the slope decreases and the displacement increases. 相似文献
10.
汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：18
512汶川大地震造成大量的次生斜坡灾害,本次研究区域为汶川大地震的11个重灾区,包括汶川、北川、青川、安县、平武、茂县、江油、彭州、什邡、绵竹、理县等市县。通过对重灾区航片、卫片、雷达图像的解译研究发现,重灾区次生斜坡灾害的主要灾种表现为崩塌、滑坡以及崩塌、滑坡高速运动解体形成的碎屑流（个别地方由于水的参与表现为泥石流）以及它们堵江形成的堰塞湖。研究发现地震次生斜坡灾害的发育具有明显的丛集性规律。从区域上看,次生斜坡灾害明显呈带状,沿龙门山断裂带展布,并主要受北川映秀断裂控制。各灾种的发育在不同地段发育的规模、频率差别较大。以灾害分布面积来排序,汶川县灾害面积最大,为131.55km2,其次为北川县,为45.57km2,其余9个县（市）灾害面积相差不大,均介于6~17km2,其中理县灾害面积最小,为6.25km2。各灾种的发育在不同地段发育的规模、频率差别较大。青川县、平武县灾种主要为滑坡,汶川县、茂县、安县、理县灾种主要表现崩塌转化的碎屑流,北川的主要灾种则为碎屑流,其次为滑坡,什邡、彭州、绵竹、江油等地主要灾种为崩塌。
灾种发育的这种地域性差别主要受控于地层岩性,除此而外,还与构造特征、地形地貌等因素紧密相关。研究表明:岩性对灾害种类的展布有决定性控制作用。统计发现,岩性越坚硬,崩塌、碎屑流发育率越高,滑坡则在软岩地区、较软岩地区和较坚硬区发育率最高,泥石流则在软岩地区最为发育。地形地貌对次生斜坡灾害的发育有重要影响,统计表明,崩塌、碎屑流以及泥石流在1200～2000m坡段范围内发育率最高,其次为800～1200m坡段;而滑坡则在800～1200m坡段范围发育率最高。对坡度而言,除11~20坡度范围外,崩塌和碎屑流的发育率总体具有随坡度增高而增大的特点;而滑坡和泥石流的发育率呈现典型的单峰特征,在1~20范围内发育率最大。坡向对地震次生斜坡灾害的发育影响不明显。
地震次生斜坡灾害的发育规律表明,地震斜坡灾害的发生主要受控于活动构造本身,并沿活动构造呈带状展布,同时受场地条件如岩性、地形地貌等因素的强烈控制。 相似文献
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针对传统膨胀土边坡稳定性分析中无法考虑膨胀土在降雨入渗过程中抗剪强度动态衰减的问题,本文开展了室内直剪试验,系统研究了干密度和含水量变化对膨胀土抗剪强度指标的影响;同时,以试验抗剪强度结果为参数,开展了基于强度折减法的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析,获得了抗剪强度动态衰减过程中边坡稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,含水量的增加和干密度... 相似文献
12.
二维与三维边坡稳定性分析得到的安全系数存在着差异,讨论这种差异与滑体几何尺寸及土体强度参数间的变化规律及其形成机制,可为合理地评价边坡稳定性分析提供理论依据。针对均质三维边坡,利用基于滑面正应力修正模式的极限平衡法分析程序,定性地讨论滑体形态、长高比、坡比、土体强度参数等指标对二维与三维安全系数计算结果差异(以F3/F2表示)的影响,总结F3/F2与影响指标间的变化规律,分析变化规律形成的内在机制。从工程应用的角度,给出需要考虑该差异影响的分界标准。研究表明,F3/F2随着长高比L/H、内摩擦角?及坡比m的增大逐渐减小,随着黏聚力c的增大逐渐增大;对于满足下列条件之一的边坡,宜采用三维安全系数来评价其稳定性,(1) L/H ≤ 5的滑坡体;(2) 5< L/H ≤ 10且 c > 25 kPa(或? < 15°,或m < 1.0) 的滑坡体。研究成果可为合理评价边坡稳定性分析方法提供参考。 相似文献
13.
康定地区多为深切河谷地貌,山坡陡峻,基岩裸露,崩塌落石多发,地震频发。为开展地震作用下崩塌运动特征和规律研究,以康定市郭达山危岩带为研究对象,采用颗粒流离散元软件(particle flow code in 2 dimension,PFC2D)模拟危岩带不同部位崩塌源(坡顶孤石、坡体上部碎裂岩体、坡体中部老崩塌堆积体、坡体下部块状危岩)在面波震级(surface ware magnitude,Ms) 8.0地震作用下的运动特征和破坏过程。研究结果表明: ①坡顶孤石质量越小越易启动,孤石越接近球形越易发生倾覆和滚动,沿临空面飞出后运动类型以坠落、碰撞、滚动为主,坡顶孤石的运动速率最大时达11.8 m/s; ②坡体上部碎裂岩体破坏过程可分为裂隙延伸贯通—启动坠落—碰撞解体—滚动堆积4个阶段,位于碎裂岩体上部的块石运动距离最远,达269 m; ③老崩塌堆积体块石自前向后形成碎屑流,沿坡面运动类型以滚动、碰撞为主; ④下部块状危岩运动特征为启动—滑动—挤压—解体—再滑动—再挤压—堆积; ⑤不同部位的崩塌在运动过程中块石会发生碰撞、摩擦、挤压、解体,快速消耗自身动能,导致运动距离和速率骤降。采用离散元模拟能够更全面更精细化的认识深切河谷区的崩塌,可为崩塌灾害的工程治理和山区城镇的防灾减灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
强震作用下顺层岩质斜坡动力失稳机制及启动速度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩质斜坡地震稳定性评价和地震滑坡启动速度计算是边坡地震失稳防治中的难点。结合5•12四川汶川地震诱发的大型高速滑坡,重点以唐家山高速滑坡为例,提出强震作用下中陡倾顺层岩质斜坡动力失稳机制为拉裂－楔劈－滑移－剪断,并着重阐述了拉裂面形成机制、“楔劈”岩块的杠杆作用和碎屑岩块的滚动摩擦效应。对应于该失稳模式,采用弹性力学理论,推导出地震作用下顺层岩体斜坡锁固段的破坏判据和突发剪断时锁固段岩体的形变能公式。考虑锁固段岩体形变能释放的优势方向,运用能量转化原理,给出了更为合理和精确的顺层岩质滑坡突发启动速度公式,进而确定滑坡启程速度。其研究结果为滑坡灾害范围和冲击损害程度提供有效定量计算方法。 相似文献
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16.
碎石土滑坡的因素敏感性计算分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过资料搜集整理和分析、现场工程地质调查与勘探和室内外的物理力学试验,采用弹塑性接触有限元强度折减法、不平衡推力法和数理统计分析法,结合工程实例,分析了影响碎石土滑坡各因素的敏感性,结果表明,按因素敏感度从大到小排列,主要影响碎石土滑坡稳定性的因素依次为滑面岩土体内摩擦角、地形坡度、滑体饱水面积比和滑面岩土体的内聚力。地形坡度大、具有低内摩擦角滑面的碎石土滑坡的整体稳定性较差,而连续降雨、强降雨会抬高地下水位增大滑体饱水面积比,降低滑面带岩土体抗剪强度,增加下滑力,对碎石土滑坡的稳定性将产生最不利的影响。同时,在对碎石土滑坡进行加固处理时,必须优先考虑采取提高滑面等效内摩擦角、降低地形坡度结合降低地下水位措施,其次考虑采取提高滑面岩土体内聚力的措施。 相似文献
17.
为了科学划分碎屑斜坡类别和准确评价国道G318藏东段碎屑斜坡的稳定性。本研究历时3年,详细调查了该区段公路沿线所有碎屑斜坡,根据斜坡碎屑物质成分、颗粒大小及运动特征等进行类型划分,分析了各类碎屑斜坡的基本特征和失稳模式。利用信息熵和FLAC数值模拟分析了影响因素与斜坡稳定的相关关系,并建立了基于支持向量机的碎屑斜坡稳定性评判模型。研究表明:（1）碎屑斜坡可细分为溜砂坡、滚石坡和碎石坡3类。（2）碎屑斜坡影响因素从大到小依次为降雨融雪、平均坡度、碎屑物、平均坡高、植被覆盖率、工程建设、地震、风化等级、振动和河水侵蚀。（3）主要影响因素作用下,碎屑斜坡安全系数斜率大小为:降雨融雪（0.8）>平均坡度（0.66）>平均坡高（0.52）>植被覆盖率（0.46）>工程建设（0.43）,其斜率越大则影响作用越显著。（4）选取前6个主要影响因素用于碎屑稳定性评判模型,通过模型训练、回判和检验,模型准确率分别达到了89.29%和93.75%,可用于碎屑斜坡的稳定性评判和整治维修参考。 相似文献
18.
借助连续-非连续单元法(CDEM),对牙轮钻单齿压入破岩的机制进行了探讨,研究了加载过程中破碎体积及破碎坑的演化规律,分析了岩体凝聚力和内摩擦角对单齿破岩体积及破碎坑形态的影响。数值计算结果表明,破碎坑基本上呈半椭球体,其宽深比仅受内摩擦角控制,随着内摩擦角的增加,破碎坑的宽深比减小。破碎坑的宽度、深度及单齿破岩体积可用齿压F、钻齿半径r、凝聚力c及内摩擦角? 表征,基于数值计算结果给出了破碎坑的宽度、深度及单齿破岩体积定量表述的公式;基于相关理论公式,考虑各个同时与岩石接触的几个齿轮对岩石的损伤是相互影响的,引入单齿破岩体积的修正系数,建立了牙轮钻的工作参数（轴压、转速、进尺速度等）与岩体凝聚力及内摩擦角的函数关系。在鞍千矿南采区进行了牙轮钻随钻测试的现场试验,获得了不同岩性下的单齿破岩体积,并就近取样测试了岩体的凝聚力及内摩擦角。当修正系数取0.363时,现场测试结果与基于数值计算得到的单齿破岩体积基本一致,从而证明了数值计算及相关理论推导的正确性。研究成果可以为岩体强度的动态测试提供依据。 相似文献
19.
基于遍布节理模型的边坡稳定性强度折减法分析 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
采用非线性数值分析方法分析边坡稳定性问题时,强度折减法因其具有较多的优点而得到广泛应用。岩土体一般采用理想弹塑性模型,屈服准则为广义米赛斯准则。对于密集节理岩质边坡稳定性问题,采用遍布节理模型可同时考虑岩块和节理属性,更符合岩体状态及工程实际,认为岩体经强度折减后潜在破坏可能首先出现在岩体中或沿节理面或二者同时破坏。结合工程实例,基于遍布节理模型的强度折减法计算结果表明,潜在滑移面为折线型滑面,下部潜在滑移面倾角与节理面等效内摩擦角基本一致,上部潜在滑移面与岩体拉破坏相关;节理倾角与边坡安全系数、潜在滑动范围密切相关,陡倾角节理对边坡稳定性影响较小。通过对边坡失稳判据和边坡滑移面确定的探讨,认为以力或位移不收敛作为边坡失稳判据是适当的,而边坡的剪应变速率物理意义十分明确,适于作为边坡潜在滑移面的确定依据。 相似文献
20.
Finite element modeling approach to assess the stability of debris and rock slopes: a case study from the Indian Himalayas 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Landslides and slope failures are recurrent phenomena in the Indian Himalayas. The study area comprises the hill slopes along a road stretch of 1.5 km at a distance of 9 km from Pipalkoti on Chamoli–Badrinath highway (NH-58) in the Garhwal Himalayas, India. Based on the field survey, contour map, and the hillshade, the study area has been divided into different zones. Three different zones/slopes in this study area including one potential debris slide, one stable debris slope, and one potential rock slide have been undertaken for investigation and modeling. Field mapping, data collection related to slope features and soil/rock sample collection, and discontinuity mapping for all the slopes have been carried out in field. Soil samples have been tested in the laboratory to determine the physico-mechanical properties. These properties along with some material properties from the literature have been used as input parameters for the numerical simulation. To investigate the failure process in the debris/rock slides as well as stable debris slope, the slopes were modeled as a continuum using 2D finite element plain strain approach. Shear strength reduction analysis was performed to determine the critical strength reduction factor. The computed deformations and the stress distributions, along the failure surface, have been compared with the field observations and found to be in good agreement. The analysis results indicated rock/debris slide slopes to be highly unstable. The debris slide modeling depicted failures both above and below road levels as observed in field. The rock slide modeling could depict the exact pattern of failure involving 3 sets of discontinuities simultaneously as observed in real-field scenario which is a major limitation in case of limit equilibrium analysis. The field-observed stable slope comes to be stable through FE analysis also. Based on these analyses, landslide hazard assessment of the study area could be done. 相似文献