共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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1引言在自动站投入使用前绝大多数气象站使用的是EL型风向风速计,其瞬间风速是通过风速指示计人工测得的,人为因素大,精度不够,但人工测量给大风重要天气报、大风危险和解除报提供了依据,不会出现大风记录和报文之间的矛盾现象,而自动站的大风记录却不一样,其记录的大风的起止时间,极大风速及出现的时间是非常精确的,要求值班员实时注意查看自动站的大风记录,避免漏报、错报。由于自动站采集控制软件SAWSS在处理大风记录时存在不足,当大风达到不同的发报标准时不能及时报警,以提醒值班人员作出相应的处理,所以极易造成过时报,甚至漏报。 相似文献
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在气象观测规范107页和新规范111页规定无自记仪器的项目,三次观测站02时地面温度应用(当日地面最低温度 前一日20时地面温度)÷2求得。在以往的工作中,发现在特殊的天气条件下,利用规范规定计算出的02时地面温度低于当日夜间地面最低温度,有些还低的很多,通过对乌伊岭气象站和铁力气象站历年资料的统计,发现这种情况普遍存在。 相似文献
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不同显式方案模拟对流风暴的不确定性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用MM5模式选取mixed phase、graupel(gsfc)、graupel(reisner2)和schultz 4种显式方案对理想的对流风暴进行水平分辨率为2 km的全显式数值模拟,分析不同显式方案模拟的对流风暴不确定性.结果表明:不同的显式方案模拟的对流风暴的最大垂直速度、水平结构和降水以及云物理量的演变都有很大的不确定性,说明要对实际降水进行全显式的数值预报可能需要对不同显式方案导致的预报结果的不确定性作出进一步的估计,集合预报中可能要考虑不同显式方案对预报结果不确定性的影响. 相似文献
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MODIS近红外大气可降水含量与乌鲁木齐地基GPS水汽数据的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究在建立HDF数据图像显示、数据提取和分析平台的基础上,利用乌鲁木齐地基的GPS水汽数据,对比分析了2004年6月2日-8月2日之间37d的MODIS近红外大气可降水含量的精度.发现MODIS反演的近红外PW系统性地比GPS探测的PW偏小,但在变化趋势上是相似的,说明MODIS反演的近红外大气可降水含量还是能够反映水汽的变化趋势.37d中降水出现的日期对应于PW的大值日期,尤其与GPS的大PW日数非常吻合.MODIS近红外大气柱可降水含量能够提供大面积水汽空间分布数据.每天一次的水汽分布数据能够用于研究水汽的时空分布和气候特征.该研究开发的MODIS水汽数据分析处理平台也可应用于其它MODIS反演产品的分析,如地表面温度、气溶胶光学厚度等. 相似文献
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本篇原名Meteorology for Schools and Colleges,是Sir Napier Shaw应TheRoyal Meteorological Society会长的嘱托而作的。他以为观测,列表,制图,图解,预报等基本工作是一个中学生的能力所能及的,对观测结果的物理原因的探求,则非大学程度不行,所以在这中间划了一道高等气象学(Meteorology forColleges)和初等气象学(Meteorology for Schools)的界线。本篇的内容,注重在指示一个中学生或初等气象学者,须怎样地去修养,才能使他自己成为一个研究高等气象学的学者。依照我们的环境,也许这篇是值得我们读一下的吧。 相似文献
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我们组织出版这本专刊是为了隆重庆祝中国科学院大气物理研究所成立80周年。在80年的光辉历程中,经过几代人的共同奋斗,大气物理研究所从1928年成立的中央研究院气象研究所已经发展成为我国大气科学研究领域的综合研究机构。80年来,大气物理研究所为我国的社会发展、国防安全和 相似文献
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以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。 相似文献
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就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。 相似文献
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综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。 相似文献
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综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。 相似文献
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The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress. 相似文献
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黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。 相似文献
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Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century. 相似文献
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The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature. 相似文献