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利用地理信息系统技术与空间统计相结合的方法,研究了柳属物种多样性在中国区域尺度上的空间分布格局,并且采用逐步广义线性回归分析方法研究了柳属物种多样性与主要气候因子的关系。结果表明:1)柳属物种多样性在中国的分布格局表现为区域广泛,局部聚集:聚集区分布在新疆阿勒泰地区、东北地区和西南地区,其中西南分布区的青藏高原与横断山脉毗连处为中国柳属物种多样性分布中心。2)柳属物种多样性在经度、纬度、气温、降水、蒸散量等气候气候因子一维格局上的分布随着因子梯度先增加后减小,均存在一个最适区间。3)柳属物种多样性与水分因子呈正相关、与能量因子呈负相关关系。水分因子是影响柳属物种多样性的主导因子,能量与水分间的交互作用对物种多样性影响微弱。4)结论部分地支持了水—热动态假说和生态位保守假说,但柳属物种多样性格局成因并非由任何单一假说来完全地解释,这表明其他因子如历史因素、地形异质性、土壤因素或扰动等也可能是形成柳属物种多样性格局的重要因素。 相似文献
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在辽宁沿海经济带发展战略环评中,运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法进行港城一体化发展量化评价。评价结果表明：锦州属于“双有效城市”,丹东和盘锦属于“双无效城市”,营口属于“港口有效城市”,大连和葫芦岛属于“城市有效城市”。根据量化结果提出港口统筹规划、临港产业带动城市发展、港城可持续发展等港城一体化发展对策。 相似文献
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针对赤峰市半干旱区的达里诺尔湿地与兴安盟阿尔山湿润地区的湿地，利用湿地的小气候观测资料分别与其相邻的常规气象站的气象观测数据进行对比分析。初步得出以下结论：（1)湿地的“冷湿”效应显著，（2)湿地降水量主要受大气候的影响，与小气候效应无关。（3)位于湿润区的阿尔山湿地比位于半干旱区的达里诺尔湿地更能体现出“冷湿”小气候效应。（4)小气候效应对群落结构、物种分布等方面存在着重要的影响。位于湿润区的阿尔山湿地比位于干旱区的达里诺尔湿地中生、湿生植物偏多，但多样性指数、均匀性指数、物种丰富度低于干旱区的达里诺尔湿地，湿地植物群落的优势度指数要高于达里诺尔湿地， 相似文献
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随着国家对可再生能源的重视和扶持,我国以麻疯树等为主的能源植物种植业呈现快速的产业化发展势头.这种生物质能源植物的产业化种植可能会对生物多样性带来影响,如对生态系统与栖息地的影响等,但这些影响还存在着诸多的不确定性和争议.从防患于未然的角度,对我国的生物质能源植物种植业发展提出了相应的建议:在生物多样性敏感地区的种植规划和项目应进行生物多样性影响评价,应尽可能使用当地物种并进行合理的配置,尽可能减少大规模单一物种的种植模式,注意原有生境的完整性和生态廊道的维持;同时,需要政府部门加大科学研究支持力度并做好监测工作,以实现我国生物质能源植物种植业和生物多样性保护的双赢. 相似文献
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城乡一体化是将城市和农村视为一个整体,使城乡协调发展、共同繁荣,城乡差别逐渐消失,最终融为一体的过程。通过构建城乡一体化评价指标体系,采用加权线性和法对辽宁沿海经济带6城市进行城乡一体化综合指数评价。结果表明：大连城乡一体化指数最高;盘锦和营口分列第2位和第3位,葫芦岛、锦州和丹东分别排第4位、第5位和第6位;评价结果表明,城市化水平、人均GDP和非农产业产值比例3项指标与城乡一体化关联度相对较高。 相似文献
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利用辽宁省59个国家气象站2008—2017年6—8月逐时地面观测资料，综合考虑夏季气候舒适度和高影响天气对避暑旅游的不利影响，确定辽宁避暑旅游气候适宜度评价方法，分析了辽宁避暑旅游适宜度时空分布，为公众及旅游相关部门了解当地避暑旅游气候资源提供参考。研究表明：①辽宁避暑旅游适宜度由西北到东南逐渐增强， 59个地市（县）中，很适宜避暑的有14个，适宜避暑的有22个，较适宜避暑的有16个。②夏季辽宁大部避暑旅游气候舒适度较好，辽东和辽南气候舒适度优于辽宁中部和西部。辽宁东部的本溪和沿海的丹东、大连、葫芦岛和锦州南部气候舒适度等级最高，避暑气候条件更好。③辽宁夏季暴雨高风险区在东南部的宽甸、丹东和凤城一带。高温高风险区在朝阳大部和锦州西部。大风高风险区在铁岭北部、彰武、锦州、营口和长海。雷暴高风险区在铁岭、抚顺东部、朝阳西部和庄河一带。④6月、8月是辽宁适合避暑旅游的月份，尤其是 6月，避暑旅游适宜度最高，适宜面积最大。8月份次之， 7月避暑旅游适宜度较差。 相似文献
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万里长江,险在荆江。长江荆江段九曲回环,流域内河网密布、湖泊纵横,孕育出了典型的江汉平原沿江湿地生态环境。洪湖,是我国第七大淡水湖,湖北省第一大湖,“国际重要湿地”;天鹅洲麋鹿、白鳍豚国家级自然保护区,守护着两种国家一级保护动物;此外,“稻虾共生”、“双水双绿”、生态立体农业等湿地生态绿色农业发展模式均缘起江汉平原。江汉平原沿江丰富的湿地资源在发展农业、调节气候、涵养水源、净化水质、美化环境、维持生物多样性等方面发挥了极为重要作用,然而,随着气候变化和人类活动的影响,沿江湿地生态环境破坏与退化风险也突显出来,直接威胁长江流域生态安全,因此,迫切需要加强沿江湿地生态保护修复气象服务工作,助力长江大保护。荆州市气象局依托荆州农业气象试验站,长期关注湿地生态保护与湿地农业发展气象服务,近年来,通过开放合作、融合发展,与中国农业科学院、北京大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、中科院测量与地球物理研究所等单位联合开展湿地生态与农业气象服务关键技术研究,重点围绕气候变化对湿地生态与农业影响评估、生态功能修复气象评价、平湖湿地涝渍地开发、农业面源污染气象风险监测预报、稻田综合种养模式气象保障、湿地生态环境遥感监测评估、湿地生物多样性保护气象服务等方面进行了有益探索,取得了丰富的实践成果,发挥了气象职能作用。本期的主题为长江生态气象,主要汇总了荆州市气象局牵头成立的“江汉平原生态气象遥感监测技术协调创新中心”各成员单位在湿地生态与农业气象服务等方面最新研究成果,既有区域代表性,又可作为长江中下游地区乃至全国湿地生态保护气象服务工作的参考,服务“共抓长江大保护,不搞大开发,实现高质量发展”的战略部署。 相似文献
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长江流域湿地生态系统健康评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江流域水资源丰富,农业开发历史悠久,是我国重要的粮、棉、油和水产基地。伴随着农业开发与工业、城市快速发展,长江流域湿地保护面临一系列问题:围湖造田和城市化导致天然湿地面积减少,湿地功能减弱,水质污染严重,湿地生态环境退化,湿地资源过度和不合理利用,造成生物多样性下降。因此,在长江流域开展湿地生态健康状况研究很有必要。根据长江流域湿地生态系统的特点,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,建立包含压力、状态、响应3大类共14个指标的生态系统健康评价指标体系。以Globe Land30土地覆盖数据和社会经济统计等数据为基础,结合层次分析法对长江流域2000年和2010年湿地进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:1)从2000年到2010年长江流域湿地生态健康状况略微下降,2000年长江流域平均湿地生态健康指数是0.478,2010年的为0.475;2)2000年和2010年长江流域湿地生态健康指数中游的下游的上游的,湿地生态健康状况较差的区域主要分布在西北部和以重庆、武汉和上海为主的三大经济中心;3)从行政区平均健康水平来看,从2000年到2010年,江西省和福建省的湿地生态健康状况有所好转,而云南省、广西省、贵州省和重庆市受2010年干旱影响,湿地生态健康状况有所下降。 相似文献
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气候变化与生物多样性丧失是当前全球面临的两大热点和难点环境问题,二者协同推进的必要性和重要性也在全球范围内形成广泛共识。文中在总结我国“双碳”目标下应对气候变化与保护生物多样性协同的现状与挑战的基础上,对近年来各国应对气候变化和保护生物多样性协同方面的政策实践进行了系统梳理与总结,各主要国家近年来在战略规划、生态空间、绿色金融、科技创新等方面进行了大量实践探索以推动二者协同,在这些实践推动下,全球已逐渐将“碳中和”和“生物多样性”融入生态环境治理新格局、将基于自然的解决方案（NbS）作为二者协同领域最有效的新路径、将绿色金融和科技创新作为推动二者协同发展的新动力。鉴于此,我国在二者协同推进中亟需将生物多样性保护纳入双碳“1+N”政策体系,注重将基于自然的解决方案融入城镇化、乡村振兴等重大国家发展战略,鼓励引导绿色金融、数字科技支持二者协同的重点领域,提高公众认知和社会参与,以推进二者协同并助力我国成为全球生态治理的重要参与者、贡献者和引领者。 相似文献
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The scientific evaluation of the wetland biodiversity conservation function is the basis of balanced wetland protection and development. Our research sought to provide references for the protection of wetland ecological environments as well as the related planning and management policies. The study established a fitting model for evaluating the biodiversity conservation function in the Liaohe Delta, northeastern China. The new model, the Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Indicator(WBCI), was with four input factors, including the vegetation coverage(VC), habitat suitability index(HI), land use and land cover(LULC) index(LI), and threat factor index(TI) of the LULC type. The values assigned to HI and TI were based on Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(In VEST)habitat quality models. The weights of all the factors in WBCI were valued with the Principal Component Analysis(PCA). We evaluated the wetland biodiversity conservation function of Panjin, Liaohe Delta, China, by using the WBCI model based on Gaofen-1(GF-1) satellite data in 2018, and the result was verified with In VEST and other models. It showed that the output map was similar to that of In VEST, with the higher-quality habitat including the wetland, tidal flat, water body, and forest, as well as the lower-quality land use types including the paddy field, crop field, construction land, and land used by traffic. The wetland biodiversity conservation function was better in areas less affected by human disturbance, with very abundant species and good-quality habitat. It was poor in areas impacted by more frequent human activities such as the land cultivation, housing, and traffic, which led to the landscape fragmentation. The WBCI model provided a more accurate reflection of the bird distribution than the In VEST model. The WBCI model was able to reflect the difference in quality of each habitat grade, in contrast to the net primary productivity(NPP) method and species distribution models(SDMs). The new model was, therefore, simpler and suitable in reflecting the quality of wetland biodiversity function in the Liaohe Delta. 相似文献
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Marjo Vierros 《Climatic change》2017,140(1):89-100
Blue carbon refers to the considerable amounts of carbon sequestered by mangroves, seagrass beds, tidal marshes and other coastal and marine vegetated ecosystems. At the present time, carbon market mechanisms to compensate those conserving blue carbon ecosystems, and thus reducing carbon emissions, are not yet in place. The ecosystem services provided by coastal vegetated ecosystems extend beyond their carbon storage capacity, and include their contribution to fishery production; shoreline protection; provision of habitat for wildlife and migratory species; flood water attenuation; nutrient cycling, pollution buffering; as well as their cultural, spiritual, subsistence and recreational uses. Because these services are of high economic, social and cultural value, the management and protection of blue carbon ecosystems could build collaboration between climate change and biodiversity practitioners on the national and international level. Such collaboration would also allow for the transfer of lessons learned from coastal management and conservation activities to carbon mitigation projects, and would include the need to work closely together with indigenous peoples and local communities. Resulting management activities on the local level could utilize and strengthen traditional knowledge and management systems related to blue carbon ecosystems, and increase both the resilience of biodiversity and that of coastal communities, as well as provide for long-term storage of blue carbon. While the challenge of scaling up local initiatives remains, some concrete examples already exist, such as the network of locally-managed marine areas (LMMAs) in the Pacific and beyond. 相似文献
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The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Keryn B. Gedan Matthew L. Kirwan Eric Wolanski Edward B. Barbier Brian R. Silliman 《Climatic change》2011,106(1):7-29
For more than a century, coastal wetlands have been recognized for their ability to stabilize shorelines and protect coastal
communities. However, this paradigm has recently been called into question by small-scale experimental evidence. Here, we
conduct a literature review and a small meta-analysis of wave attenuation data, and we find overwhelming evidence in support
of established theory. Our review suggests that mangrove and salt marsh vegetation afford context-dependent protection from
erosion, storm surge, and potentially small tsunami waves. In biophysical models, field tests, and natural experiments, the
presence of wetlands reduces wave heights, property damage, and human deaths. Meta-analysis of wave attenuation by vegetated
and unvegetated wetland sites highlights the critical role of vegetation in attenuating waves. Although we find coastal wetland
vegetation to be an effective shoreline buffer, wetlands cannot protect shorelines in all locations or scenarios; indeed large-scale
regional erosion, river meandering, and large tsunami waves and storm surges can overwhelm the attenuation effect of vegetation.
However, due to a nonlinear relationship between wave attenuation and wetland size, even small wetlands afford substantial
protection from waves. Combining man-made structures with wetlands in ways that mimic nature is likely to increase coastal
protection. Oyster domes, for example, can be used in combination with natural wetlands to protect shorelines and restore
critical fishery habitat. Finally, coastal wetland vegetation modifies shorelines in ways (e.g. peat accretion) that increase
shoreline integrity over long timescales and thus provides a lasting coastal adaptation measure that can protect shorelines
against accelerated sea level rise and more frequent storm inundation. We conclude that the shoreline protection paradigm
still stands, but that gaps remain in our knowledge about the mechanistic and context-dependent aspects of shoreline protection. 相似文献
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The highly visible coastal phenomenon of wetland loss in coastal Louisiana (LA) was examined through the prism of carbon accumulation and loss. Carbon storage or sequestration in rapidly subsiding LA coastal marsh soils was based on vertical marsh accretion and aerial change data. Marshes sequester significant amount of carbon through vertical accretion however, large amounts of carbon previously sequestration in the soil profile is lost through annual deterioration of these coastal marshes. Hurricanes, such as Katrina and Rita, have triggered instantaneous large carbon losses of sequestered soil carbon through the destruction of large areas of marsh. This analysis shows proposed coastal restoration efforts will not be sufficient to restore carbon losses by storms and marsh deterioration. Further, we have estimated the economic benefit of carbon sequestration for coastal wetland restoration efforts. Results show that LA coastal marshes may not serve as a net sink of carbon. These results may serve as a predictor of the impact of future predictions of increasing global sea level rise on carbon sequestration for other coastal regions. 相似文献
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Assessing wind energy is a key step in selecting a site for a wind farm. The accuracy of the assessment is essential for the future operation of the wind farm. There are two main methods for assessing wind power： one is based on observational data and the other relies on mesoscale numerical weather prediction（NWP）. In this study, the wind power of the Liaoning coastal wind farm was evaluated using observations from an anemometer tower and simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model, to see whether the WRF model can produce a valid assessment of the wind power and whether the downscaling process can provide a better evaluation. The paper presents long-term wind data analysis in terms of annual, seasonal, and diurnal variations at the wind farm, which is located on the east coast of Liaoning Province. The results showed that, in spring and summer, the wind speed, wind direction, wind power density, and other main indicators were consistent between the two methods. However, the values of these parameters from the WRF model were significantly higher than the observations from the anemometer tower. Therefore, the causes of the differences between the two methods were further analyzed. There was much more deviation in the original material, National Centers for Environmental Prediction（NCEP） final（FNL） Operational Global Analysis data, in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. As the region is vulnerable to cold-air outbreaks and windy weather in autumn and winter, and the model usually forecasted stronger high or low systems with a longer duration, the predicted wind speed from the WRF model was too large. 相似文献
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Ecosystem changes in floodplains could be a major issue during the twenty-first century as designated habitat areas are affected by climate change and floodplain management options. As part of the RegIS project, a Regional Impact Simulator has been developed to investigate these potential changes. This paper presents the methodologies and results of biodiversity metamodels used within the Regional Impact Simulator for two regions of the UK: East Anglia and North West England. Potential impacts and adaptations to future climate and socio-economic scenarios are analysed for three habitat types in floodplains (saltmarsh, coastal grazing marsh and fluvial grazing marsh) and selected species. An important finding is that management choices, which can be linked to socio-economic futures have a greater potential impact on habitat viability than climate change. The choices society makes will therefore be key to protection and conservation of biodiversity. The analyses also show that coastal grazing marsh is the most vulnerable habitat to sea-level rise, although there is a scope for substituting losses with fluvial grazing marsh. These results indicate that these methods provide a useful approach for assessing potential biodiversity changes at the regional scale, including the effect of different policies. 相似文献
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湿地是人类生存和发展的重要环境之一,然而城镇化在带动经济发展的同时也严重影响了湿地生态系统。本文利用城乡梯度研究方法结合湿地分布特征,设置从沈阳城市中心到城市边缘的研究样带,沿着城镇密集区（浑河）—郊区（蒲河）—乡村（卧龙湖,仙子湖）梯度带选取典型湖泊和河流湿地样地为研究对象,系统分析城镇化对湿地水体碳氮磷含量的影响。研究发现湿地水体碳氮磷含量与城乡梯度具有相关性,总碳（TC）和可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量及SUVA280值沿城镇密集区—郊区—乡村梯度带逐渐增加,即远离市中心的乡村卧龙湖湿地最高,分别为（120.68±2.34）mg/L,（41.56±6.27）mg/L和（0.35±0.10）L/(mg·m),显著高于位于四环以外乡村仙子湖湿地、流经沈阳市四环蒲河和穿越三环浑河湿地水体。湿地水体氮磷含量总体上沿着城乡梯度带呈降低趋势,但蒲河湿地水体总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量最高,分别为（5.35±0.19）mg/L和（1.45±0.07）mg/L,显著高于位于城镇密集区的浑河湿地水体。城镇化作用总体上增加了湿地水体铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量,其中,横穿城镇密集区的浑河湿地水体NH4+-N含量最高,为（1.28±0.14）mg/L;NO3--N含量则是位于郊区的蒲河湿地水体最高,为(1.42±0.15) mg/L。研究结果表明城镇化改变了湿地生态系统水体碳氮磷含量,使水体DOC含量降低,小分子化合物增多,不利于DOC在水体中的累积;同时由于人类活动的加剧也使氮磷排放增加,使水体氮磷超标,导致流经城镇密集区部分的浑河和蒲河湿地NH4+-N和NO3--N含量高于乡村。未来随着城镇化的不断发展,应严加控制和合理规划,防止城镇化导致的湿地水体污染和生态系统的破坏。 相似文献