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1.
Yuriy Elesin Taras Gerya Irina M. Artemieva Hans Thybo 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2010,3(4):477-497
We present a new 2D finite difference code, Samovar, for high-resolution numerical modeling of complex geodynamic processes.
Examples are collision of lithospheric plates (including mountain building and subduction) and lithosphere extension (including
formation of sedimentary basins, regions of extended crust, and rift zones). The code models deformation of the lithosphere
with viscoelastoplastic rheology, including erosion/sedimentation processes and formation of shear zones in areas of high
stresses. It also models steady-state and transient conductive and advective thermal processes including partial melting and
magma transport in the lithosphere. The thermal and mechanical parts of the code are tested for a series of physical problems
with analytical solutions. We apply the code to geodynamic modeling by examining numerically the processes of lithosphere
extension and basin formation. The results are directly applicable to the Basin and Range province, western USA, and demonstrate
the roles of crust–mantle coupling, preexisting weakness zones, and erosion rate on the evolutionary trends of extending continental
regions. Modeling of basin evolution indicates a critical role of syn-rift sedimentation on the basin depth and a governing
role of Peierls deformation in cold lithospheric mantle. While the former may increase basin depth by 50%, the latter limits
the depth of rift basins by preventing faulting in the subcrustal lithosphere. 相似文献
2.
岩石圈流变性取决于岩石圈的地热状态、物质组成和结构,并量化为岩石圈总强度。沉积盆地的沉降和抬升是地球最上层流变带形变的响应,岩石圈板块对构造应力的响应在很大程度上取决于岩石圈流变性在横向和纵向上的不均一性。辽西、辽北、松辽盆地区岩石圈流变性存在明显差异,因而岩石圈总强度明显不同,在晚中生代伸展过程中,变形方式、变形幅度不同,分别形成了断陷盆地、多断少坳型盆地和断坳型盆地。 相似文献
3.
岩石圈中热压系数的计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国中西部地区发育众多前陆冲断带,它们具有构造变形复杂、油气潜力大和有别于经典前陆盆地的沉积和油气地质特征,但其成因过程和动力学并不清楚。文中利用中西部盆地区的地温、岩石热物性参数和地热学模拟技术,分析该区岩石圈热状态和流变学特征,进一步结合其他地质、地球物理资料,揭示盆地区的深部构造特征和岩石圈性质。研究表明,中西部各主要盆地的岩石圈具有厚度大、强度高、地温低等热-流变学特征,表现为刚硬块体;而其周缘和造山带区却表现为温度高、强度低和厚度小等特征,是构造变形的易发区。在此基础上讨论了岩石圈性质和变形过程等深部构造对前陆盆地成因演化的控制作用,进而初步归纳这类陆内再生前陆盆地的成因演化机制:发育于小型克拉通块体的边缘,其就位受控于岩石圈热-流变学非均质性和构造继承性,其动力来源是新生代印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其持续的挤压作用。上述研究为探讨中国中西部地区的前陆盆地成因机制提供了深部资料和岩石圈热-流变学约束。 相似文献
4.
5.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):269-278
The western Liaoning, northern Liaoning, and Songliao areas represent three different tectonic units with different lithospheric thermal-mechanical properties in terms of composition, thickness of the thermal lithosphere, effective elastic thickness, depth of the detachment surface, and strength of the lithosphere. Western Liaoning is characterized by a thick lithosphere with high rigidity and strength, whereas Songliao and northern Liaoning are characterized by relatively thin lithosphere with low rigidity and strength. These differences controlled the development of distinct types of basins under an extensional regime during the Early Cretaceous. The basins in western Liaoning are controlled by faulting rather than by thermal subsidence. The Songliao basin is controlled both by faulting and by thermal subsidence, and thus both syn- and post-rift sequences developed with the same thickness in the center of the basin. In contrast, in northern Liaoning, the basins are mainly controlled by faulting, and to a lesser extent by subsequent thermal subsidence. As a part of east China, where more than 93% of the proven oil reserves of China are distributed, the western Liaoning-northern Liaoning-Songliao area also has attracted considerable attention for its hydrocarbon potential. The Songliao basin is proven to be the largest non-marine petroliferous basin and one of the most important oil- and gas-producing basins in China. In addition, the Tieling-Changtu basin and the Zhezhong depression in northern Liaoning show some petroleum potential. In contrast, basins in western Liaoning represent a limited prospect for oil and gas. 相似文献
6.
借鉴国内外已有的盆地研究成果,在盆地分析的基础上,从岩石圈板块作用、岩石圈深部作用和岩石圈表生作用3个方面,兼顾系统性、科学性和应用性,确立了盆地新的分类原则,由此深入研究了盆地形成与演化的动力学类型,并进一步阐述了盆地形成与演化的地球动力学机制。研究结果表明:在盆地分类中,首先主要根据盆地形成的地球动力学环境如岩石圈板块作用环境、深部作用环境以及表生作用环境来划分大类;再根据盆地形成与演化的各种地质作用及其动力学过程如构造作用(伸展、挤压或剪切过程)、热力作用及重力作用进行主要类型划分;再根据盆地的基底性质和地壳类型(如陆壳、洋壳或过渡壳)以及盆地的沉积充填史和构造古地理等(如海相盆地、陆相盆地或过渡相盆地)细分亚类。盆地形成与演化的动力学类型主要包括:单一构造或热体制下盆地演化时的原型盆地类型、单一重力体制下盆地演化的原型盆地类型、多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的叠合盆地类型以及多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的残留盆地类型。在单一构造或热体制下,从板块作用或壳幔作用角度原型盆地动力学类型主要划分为:伸展盆地(陆内伸展盆地、陆间伸展盆地、大洋伸展盆地和弧后伸展盆地),挠曲盆地(弧后挠曲盆地、周缘挠曲盆地、陆内挠曲盆地),走滑盆地(走滑伸展盆地、走滑挠曲盆地)以及克拉通盆地(克拉通退缩盆地、克拉通扩展盆地和克拉通迁移盆地);单一重力体制下原型盆地动力学类型有负载盆地和撞击盆地;多种构造-热体制下的叠合盆地动力学类型有叠加盆地和复合盆地;多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的残留盆地动力学类型有伸展隆起下局部沉降引起的残留盆地、推覆褶皱隆起引起的残留盆地、俯冲至局部碰撞引起的残留盆地及周边抬升隆起引起的残留盆地。关于盆地形成与演化的地球动力学机制包括:岩石圈的板块作用机制,岩石圈的深部作用机制以及岩石圈的表生作用机制。岩石圈的板块作用机制包括板块伸展、挤压和剪切作用;岩石圈的深部作用机制包括软流圈与超级地幔柱对岩石圈的作用,尤其是壳幔作用;岩石圈的表生作用机制也很重要,包括盆地的重力作用、大气作用、海洋作用和生物作用。通过本文的研究,可以为研究整个岩石圈演化、壳幔作用、地球动力学过程以及成藏成矿机制奠定重要理论基础;同时,对于沉积盆地矿产资源、能源资源、水资源勘探和开发,以及灾害防治和环境保护也具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
7.
系统分析前人在沉积盆地构造研究的基础上,论文总结了沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法的前沿与发展方向。沉积盆地构造核心理论包括盆地分类理论、成盆机制理论、变形定量分析理论和盆地充填过程理论。盆地分类理论是依据不同分类标准建立盆地分类方案,其发展趋势是基于资源与构造背景的原型盆地分类和基于盆地演化的叠合盆地分类;成盆机制理论是定量模拟不同作用机制下(纯热机制、构造作用、负载作用)盆地沉降过程及其控制因素,其发展趋势是三维成盆动力学模拟;变形定量分析理论包括断层相关褶皱理论、临界楔理论和盐构造理论,其发展趋势是三维构造建模与三维定量变形分析;盆地充填过程理论主要开展不同构造成因盆地的充填过程对比与盆山过程的源-汇分析,其发展趋势是多元源-汇分析与定量化盆地分析。沉积盆地构造关键前沿技术包括三维构造建模技术、构造物理模拟与数值模拟技术和基于三维构造恢复的裂缝预测技术。构造物理模拟技术包括了基于工业CT扫描成像物理模拟技术:可以无损动态监测构造带内部变形演化过程,精确构建变形带三维空间展布形态;基于PIV的有限应变分析的物理模拟技术:可以定量分析变形的演化过程,直观展示应变分布特征,探讨构造应变动态分布规律;基于超重力离心机的构造物理模拟技术:可以模拟不同尺度构造流变过程,探讨岩石圈浅层脆性变形与深层韧性流变之间的动力学机制。 相似文献
8.
曾母盆地西部岩石圈特性与有效弹性厚度: 来自构造模拟的约束 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
曾母盆地是南海南部最大的新生代沉积盆地,保留了南海新生代共轭边缘演化历史以及性质的重要信息。岩石圈有效弹性厚度Te是了解大陆地壳张裂时岩石圈强度的一个关键指标。本文选取曾母盆地西部的三条典型地震剖面,在构造解释的基础上,按照挠曲均衡原理,通过对三条剖面的反演模拟,对Te进行了敏感性测试。在此基础上利用弹性梁模型对三条剖面进行了正演模拟,来模拟盆地的形态以及主要地层单元的展布。模拟结果与实测剖面的对比表明,Te值取3～5km较为合理,盆地西部的脆性/韧性地壳转换深度为15km。正演和反演模拟中的拉张因子β具有不同的构造含义,正演模拟拉张因子β代表了脆性上地壳的拉伸程度,反演模拟的拉张因子则表示整个岩石圈的拉张作用,拉张因子同时呈向北增大的趋势。 相似文献
9.
由克拉通、造山带、裂谷、边缘海洋壳和岛弧等5大岩石圈类型构成的中国大陆,由于不同类型岩石圈对应的动力学机制及其效应不同,岩石圈不同类型之间的连接带必定是不连续带,与大陆成矿作用有密切的联系。中国大陆已知的绝大多数金属矿床分布于岩石圈不连续和再活化不连续处,表明岩石圈不连续为大型矿床(矿集区)形成提供有利的运-储空间。中国大陆西北、中国东部和西南地区构造-岩浆-成矿事件序列对比表明,一个地区岩石圈的壳-幔岩石学结构、大规模成矿作用,取决于最强的、最后一次的岩浆作用,大规模成矿作用的发生起始于造山岩石圈根失稳、去根和大规模软流圈上涌时期,C型埃达克岩的出现是其标志之一。分布于中国内陆的扬子、鄂尔多斯、塔里木和准噶尔盆地等地表热流值低的“冷盆”,深部属于克拉通型岩石圈背景,在构造上往往为造山带的前陆盆地,克拉通型岩石圈构造上的稳定性决定了这些克拉通盆地不断被周围造山带吞食、掩埋、改造的格局,虽然在这些盆地内如今都已发现油气田,但在盆地外那些现今被造山带前缘逆冲体覆盖的区域,也应该是油气田产出的有利区域,即盆地外造山带花岗岩下依然是寻找油气田的重要远景区。分布于中国东部的平原区和黄海、东海及南海等陆缘海区,属于地表热流值高的“热盆”,这些盆地下对应的是裂谷型或洋壳型岩石圈,它们是在新生代时期中国东部沿海地区进入了新的构造演化阶段——大陆裂谷作用下形成的,以伴随广泛的玄武岩喷发为标志,对流地幔物质和热输入使盆地热流值升高成为“热盆”、大陆裂谷型岩石圈,乃至洋壳岩石圈(如南海中央海盆);伴随裂陷作用及伸展构造普遍发育的幔源玄武岩浆大量喷发,以及大量沉积物的快速沉积、埋藏有利于油气田的形成,其中的组分,如CO2气田中的CO2可能主要源于地幔。中国东部平原及边缘海区域是最具前景的油气田分布区之一。 相似文献
10.
The three intracratonic sedimentary basins located in central Baltoscandinavia, namely the Bothnian Gulf basin, the Bothnian Sea basin and the Baltic basin, developed in response to Middle Proterozoic and Late Proterozoic tectonic events, separated in time by about 800 Ma. Only the Baltic basin was subsequently affected by Caledonian orogenesis and Mesozoic rifting. Crustal extension was minor or did not take place during the Proterozoic basin evolution phases. However, according to the Moho topography, crustal thinning did take place. This was probably a result of subcrustal magmatism. On a craton-wide scale, the ages of granitoids, which intruded during the Middle Proterozoic basin formation, generally decrease from east to west. This fact, combined with the evidence provided by mantle-derived flood basalt magmatism, points to a moving asthenospheric diapir as the cause for basin development. Asthenospheric upwelling was probably also responsible for the second, Late Proterozoic, basin evolution phase, as evidenced by the lack of crustal thinning and extension, and the occurrence of tholeiitic intrusions. In addition, a Late Proterozoic thermally induced palaeo-high, located at about the position of the intracratonic basins, is compatible with indications from glaciations. As the ages of Late Proterozoic intracratonic basins also decrease from east to west across the craton, the location of asthenospheric diapirism during this time interval was also moving. For the Fennoscandian lithosphere, the presence of fundamental lithospheric weakness zones (e.g. terrane boundaries) might be an explanation for the formation of two generations of basins originating from asthenospheric upwelling at about the same location in the Fennoscandian Shield. The spacing and size of the Proterozoic intracratonic basins suggest that the asthenospheric diapirism was not deep seated. Therefore, sublithospheric convective processes might be the cause for the asthenospheric upwellings. Such processes are related to Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in the sublithospheric mantle. Emplacement of an asthenospheric diapir causes a thermal bulge at the surface of the lithosphere. Modelling results demonstrate that erosion of the surficial high, succeeded by cooling of the lithosphere, can explain the accumulation of early Palaeozoic sediments in the Bothnian Sea basin, taking into account post-Ordovician vertical and lateral erosion of the basin fill. 相似文献
11.
重力勘探是普查油气盆地常用的方法。利用重力研究岩石圈构造时，卫星重力具有独特的作用。它不但与自由空气重力异常相似。能直接反应岩石圈物质的积聚或亏损。可以获得较深处物质产生的重力场，还可以利用对重力场的分解处理，突出分层深度的异常特征，用以分析研究不同深度物质对重力场的贡献。根据对卫星重力异常的解释，可以将新疆地区岩石圈分成3层。最上层是中新生代陆相断陷盆地巨层。它的特点主要是四盆（伊宁盆地、准噶尔盆地、吐哈盆地和塔里木盆地）三山（阿尔泰山、天山和阿尔金山）的特殊景观。中间层是海相古生代盆山构造巨层。它是在印支-燕山期．强烈的挤压褶皱使地壳发生规律的平行线状排列盆山构造。最下层是低密度块体基底层。新疆地区岩石圈三明治构造的形成是因为在喜马拉雅期．印度板块自西南向东北的俯冲作用下．对古生代末已拼合成大陆的新疆地区进行改造，西天山的婆罗科努山、察布查尔山、阿拉沟山、额尔宾山、霍拉山等山系横向隆升。它们和南天山山脉一起。将新疆地区分割而成。从这项研究中得到启示，西部寻找油气资源不应局限于新生代盆地，而要考虑深部构造对地表出露盆山构造的控制。 相似文献
12.
伸展型盆地是与地壳和岩石圈伸展、减薄作用有关的一类裂陷盆地,包含了重要的沉积矿产和能源资源。综合近年来国内外伸展型盆地的研究,包括大西洋被动大陆边缘、澳大利亚被动边缘以及中国大陆东部的新生代盆地,发现不论是被动边缘还是会聚板块背景下的伸展型盆地,其裂后阶段盆地的沉降过程都不是简单的仅仅由岩石圈的热作用所控制的均匀缓慢的沉降过程,而是呈现多幕式的、快速沉降的特征,反映了盆地裂后演化阶段周缘板块的构造活动及其深部岩石圈的动力因素的控制作用。文章正是从这一角度出发,简述了近年来国内外一些典型的伸展盆地区裂后期快速沉降的研究进展情况,并结合琼东南盆地裂后期沉降演化特征的定量模拟研究,对幕式快速沉降的动力学机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
13.
The western Mediterranean is composed of irregular troughs formed as back-arc basins in the hanging wall of the W-directed Apenninic subduction which retreated eastward during Neogene and Quaternary times. The basins are progressively younger toward the east, ageing from late Oligocene–early Miocene (Valencia, Provençal, Alboran and Algerian basins), to middle Miocene–Pleistocene (Tyrrhenian Sea). The basins isolated boudins of continental lithosphere, the Sardinia–Corsica block representing the largest. The boudinage has a wavelength of 100–400 km and facilitated stretching of the continental lithosphere with formation of new oceanic crust in the Provençal, Algerian, Vavilov and Marsili basins. The boudins developed both in the earlier Alpine–Betic orogen (Alboran basin) and in its foreland (Provençal and Valencia troughs). The extension appears clearly asymmetric due to its eastward polarity, accommodated by E-dipping master low-angle normal faults. Moreover the thinning shows variations in boudinage wavelength and is characterized by several along-strike transfer zones and heterogeneities. The western Mediterranean back-arc setting is comparable with Atlantic and western Pacific back-arc basins associated with W-directed subduction zones that show similar large-scale lithospheric boudinage. 相似文献
14.
岩石圈流变学研究,近年来国外已取得较大进展。国内学者在岩石圈热结构、强度剖面和盆地流变学演化、构造流变计等方面取得了丰富的成果。岩石圈流变性取决于岩石圈的地热状态、物质组成和结构,并量化为岩石圈总强度。不同构造区的地热状态可由地表热流值获得,岩石圈的物质组成和热力学结构可由地球物理资料获得,在此基础上可得出岩石圈流变性在区域上的变化。岩石圈流变性的空间变化产生了构造上的软弱带,成为极易变形区域。岩石圈流变性及岩石圈总强度反映的岩石圈热力学性质在盆地的形成过程中也起了重要作用,它决定了岩石圈的变形位置、盆地的几何形状及格局。构造流变计用来研究不同尺度地质体的流变结构和地质体的流变学演化,具有很好的发展前景。 相似文献
15.
Stress and strain during fault-controlled lithospheric extension—insights from numerical experiments
Two-dimensional finite element techniques are used to study the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of stress and strain during lithospheric extension. The thermomechanical model includes a pre-existing fault in the upper crust to account for the reactivation of older tectonic elements. The fault is described using contact elements which allow for independent meshing of hanging wall and foot wall as well as simulation of large differential displacements between the fault blocks. Numerical models are run for three different initial temperature distributions representing extension of weak, moderately strong and strong lithosphere and three different extension velocities. In spite of the simple geodynamic boundary conditions selected, i.e., wholesale extension at a constant rate, stress and strain vary substantially throughout the lithosphere. In particular, in case of the weak lithosphere model, lower crustal flow towards the locus of maximum upper crustal extension results in the formation of a lower crustal dome while maintaining a subhorizontal Moho relief. The core of the dome experiences hardly any internal deformation, although it is the part of the lower crust which is exhumed the most. Stress fields in the lower crustal dome vary significantly from the regional trend underlining mechanical decoupling of the lower crust from the rest of the lithosphere. These differences diminish if cooler temperatures and, hence, stronger rheologies are considered. Lithospheric strength also exerts a profound control on the basin architecture and the surface expressions of extension, i.e., rift flank uplift and basin subsidence. If the lower crust is sufficiently weak, its flow towards the region of extended upper crust can provide a threshold value for the maximum subsidence which can be achieved during the syn-rift stage. In spite of continuous regional extension, corresponding burial history plots show exponentially decreasing subsidence rates which would traditionally be interpreted in terms of lithospheric cooling during the post-rift stage. The models provide templates to genetically link the surface and sub-surface expressions of lithospheric extension, for which usually no contemporaneous observations are possible. In particular, they help to decipher the information on the physical state of the lithosphere at the time of extension which is stored in the architecture and subsidence record of sedimentary basins. 相似文献
16.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):271-289
This article discusses the Meso–Cenozoic thermal history, thermal lithospheric thinning, and thermal structure of the lithosphere of the Bohai Bay Basin, North China. The present-day thermal regime of the basin features an average heat flow of 64.5 ± 8.1 mW m–2, a lithospheric thickness of 76–102 km, and a ‘hot mantle but cold crust’-type lithospheric thermal structure. The Meso–Cenozoic thermal history experienced two heat flow peaks in the late Early Cretaceous and in the middle to late Palaeogene, with heat flow values of 82–86 mW m?2 and 81–88 mW m?2, respectively. Corresponding to these peaks, the thermal lithosphere experienced two thinning stages during the Cretaceous and Palaeogene, reaching a minimum thickness of 43–61 km. The lithospheric thermal structure transformed from the ‘hot crust but cold mantle’ type in the Triassic–Jurassic to the ‘cold crust but hot mantle’ type in the Cretaceous–Cenozoic, according to the ratio of mantle to surface heat flow (qm/qs). The research on the thermal history and lithospheric thermal structure of sedimentary basins can effectively reveal the thermal regime at depth in the sedimentary basins and provide significance for the study of the basin dynamics during the Meso–Cenozoic. 相似文献
17.
Lithosphere rheology during intraplate basin extension and inversion Inferences from automated modeling of four basins in western Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Forward reconstructions of the (mainly) Mesozoic and younger rheological evolution have been made for four basins (Broad Fourteens Basin, Sole Pit Basin, Brittany Basin and the Iberian Basin) in a very consistent way by backstripping and automatic forward modeling of subsidence data, including potentially important effects of heat production, sediment infill and sedimentary blanketing. For default compositional and thermal parameters, the modeling results show strengthening in all basins, and in particular during inversion, with strength increases up to about 2 TN m−1 (20%) relative to their initial values. Given predominantly relatively constant intraplate stresses in continental lithosphere, this is in disagreement with repeated localization of basin deformation.
In a thorough sensitivity analysis we explore the possibilities that permissible variations in tectonic history, compositional, rheological and thermal parameters can, in a particular combination, result in slight weakening of the basin, in agreement with reactivation during inversion. However, such a combination reflects an extreme scenario, which is not founded by geological evidence and, statistically, is very unlikely to apply for all basins.
A far more likely explanation for relative and permanent weakening of the basins is the presence of pre-existing weak zones, deviating from standard rheological assumptions. At (upper) crustal levels, weakening can be attributed to pre-existing marked faults by a reduced friction angle. This weakening has a pronounced influence on lithospheric strength provided that the reduction in friction angle of pre-existing faults can be extrapolated to the upper mantle. Alternatively, weakening of the upper mantle can be attributed to (1) ductile localization mechanisms, as reflected by the occurrence of upper mantle shear zones, or (2) the occurrence of rheologically weak material, as indicated by upper mantle reflectors. 相似文献
18.
前陆盆地的三维挠曲数值模拟是预测盆地三维格架和关键构造要素分布的强有力工具, 如在预测前隆分布方面(低隆起幅度、大范围分布的前隆很难从地下资料中识别)。为了解释详细地层对比中发现的前隆迁移,对怀俄明西南晚白垩世前陆盆地做了三维挠曲数值模拟。模拟过程中采用弹性地壳模型,并以详细的年代地层资料作为基本的输入数据。挠曲负载的估计来源于公开发表的怀俄明逆冲带的横剖面资料和风河逆冲带的缩短速率。模拟结果表明,由于逆冲负载的分布,前隆只局限分布在盆地的南部。随负载的迁移,前隆随时间向东南方向迁移。由于怀俄明逆冲带和风河逆冲带的相互作用,弹性地壳形成三维“前缘穹隆”而不是二维“前缘隆起”。三维挠曲模拟是理解怀俄明西南晚白垩世前隆迁移的关键。 相似文献
19.
Predictions from dynamic modelling of the lithospheric deformation are presented for Northern Europe, where several basins underwent inversion during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic and contemporary uplift and erosion of sediments occurred. In order to analyse the evolution of the continental lithosphere, the equations for the deformation of a continuum are solved numerically under thin sheet assumption for the lithosphere. The most important stress sources are assumed to be the Late Cretaceous Alpine tectonics; localized rheological heterogeneities can also affect local deformation and stress patterns. Present-day observations available in the studied region and coming from seismic structural interpretations and stress measurements have been used to constrain the model. Our modelling results show that lateral variation in lithospheric strength below the basin systems in Central Europe strongly controls the regional deformation and the stress regime. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the geometry of the boundary between Baltica and Avalonia, together with different rheological characteristics of the two plates, had a crucial role on local crustal deformation and faulting regime resulting in the Baltica–Avalonia transition zone from the S–N Alpine convergence. 相似文献
20.
基于前陆盆地岩石圈弹性与粘弹性挠曲变形的不同特点,提出应用前隆斜坡带地层结构获取岩石圈力学性质及变形过程信息的思路。对库车前陆盆地的实例分析表明,研究区早白垩世历经了两个逆冲期至宁静期的构造演化,卡普沙良群、巴什基奇克组分别为逆冲期和宁静期的地层记录。在单个逆冲期,随着逆冲加载和岩石圈挠曲变形,岩石圈性质从弹性转化为粘弹性,盆地由向克拉通方向扩展变宽转变为向逆冲带变窄加深。相应地,前隆斜坡带的地层记录为:逆冲早期,地层向克拉通方向渐进超覆和退积;逆冲晚期,地层向逆冲带收缩和前积,形成底面上超/削截和顶面削截—顶超两个重大不整合面。宁静期盆地宽浅,地层平行连续,临近冲断带因岩石圈回弹产生少量削截不整合。 相似文献