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1.
Ron C. K. Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(2):131-153
Oil sands are dense granular materials with interlocked structure and clay shales are heavily overconsolidated clays. They are classified as structured soil or weak rock, exhibiting high peak strength with severe softening and dilation, particularly at low confining stress. The triaxial compression test results indicate that both materials yield linear Mohr–Coulomb envelopes with an apparent cohesion for peak and residual strengths. However, the strength components mobilized from these two materials are very different. This paper investigates if these strength parameters are intrinsic properties or responses derived in triaxial compression conditions. Computer tomography scanning technique is used to aid in examining the micro‐structural features of the sheared specimens such as shear banding pattern, shear band thickness, spatial porosity distributions inside and outside shear bands. These micro‐structural features are used to explain the macro‐deformation response observed in the triaxial compression tests. Mobilization of strength components derived from interlocked structure, cementation, dilation, rolling and critical state are analysed for pre‐, post‐peak softening and residual stages. It is found that the empirical correlation such as Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion based on triaxial compression test results does not necessarily reflect the intrinsic properties of the test materials. Testing conditions are embedded in the empirical correlation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
为研究卢氏膨胀岩湿胀软化特性,开展了膨胀性试验和常规三轴试验。并将泡水前后的膨胀岩进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）试验和氮气吸附（NA）试验。为充分考虑膨胀岩内部颗粒之间的胶结作用和原始结构,试验样品采用原状膨胀岩。试验研究结果表明：膨胀岩吸水膨胀具有明显的各向异性,轴向膨胀率大于径向膨胀率且在1.5倍左右;随着相对含水率的增加,峰值强度呈先快速降低再缓慢降低的变化趋势,弹性模量和黏聚力呈增加趋势;在围压保持不变的情况下,随着含水率的增加,膨胀岩破坏形式由张拉破坏、张剪破坏向剪切破坏转变,并且膨胀岩破坏时表面裂缝增多。微观试验结果显示,泡水后膨胀岩微观结构裂隙比泡水前增多,孔隙发育明显,这是膨胀岩软化的根本原因。 相似文献
3.
Hangyu Dong Baohua Guo Yizhe Li Kai Si Long Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):1169-1183
The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures. 相似文献
4.
为研究不同边界条件下剪切速率对岩石节理剪切力学特性的影响,采用RDS-200型岩石节理剪切试验系统对人工浇筑的具有相同节理形貌的不规则水泥节理试样进行了常法向应力和常法向刚度2种边界条件下5种剪切速率的直剪试验。结果表明：（1）常法向应力边界条件下,随剪切速率增大,相同法向应力下的类岩石节理峰前剪切刚度减速增大,峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度呈对数降低;随剪切速率增大,类岩石节理黏聚力减速增大,内摩擦角呈对数降低。（2）常法向刚度边界条件下,随剪切速率增大,相同法向应力的类岩石节理峰前剪切刚度减速增大,峰值剪切强度呈对数降低,较高法向应力下的残余剪切强度先增大后减小;随剪切速率增大,类岩石节理黏聚力呈对数降低,内摩擦角减速增大。（3）与常法向应力边界条件相比,常法向刚度条件下,节理黏聚力平均增加了115.85%,内摩擦角平均降低了8.44%;相同初始法向应力和剪切速率下,峰前剪切刚度、峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度分别平均增加了11.96%、19.47%和32.32%,峰值法向位移平均降低了40.12%。该研究结论可为不同剪切速率下地表和地下工程岩体节理的剪切失稳评价提供一定参考。 相似文献
5.
水与温度变化是工程岩石物理力学性能劣化的典型风化因素。对不同含水状态及经受不同次数冻融循环损伤后的红砂岩岩样进行了单轴压缩、劈裂拉伸及变角剪切试验。结果表明,红砂岩抗压强度、弹性模量、劈拉强度、黏聚力及内摩擦角等主要力学指标随含水率和冻融循环次数的增大均有不同程度的降低,但降低规律有所不同。水对岩石有明显的软化作用,冻融循环累积损伤显著。利用微观电镜扫描分析了不同含水率及冻融损伤后岩样微观结构的变化规律,认为吸水及冻融循环过程中水对红砂岩的软化表现为溶蚀作用与介质作用,温度变化的作用表现在热变形不协调和相变作用。提出了冻融循环作用下红砂岩力学特性衰减模型,并据此分析了各力学指标的衰减速率和半衰期。该研究结果对涉水岩石工程及寒区岩石工程具有一定的意义。 相似文献
6.
为分析灌浆加固裂隙岩体在压力水长期浸泡作用下力学性能的劣化效应,在前期碳纤维水泥基复合灌浆材料加固裂隙岩体研究基础上开展了考虑水压力影响的灌浆加固裂隙岩体长期浸泡试验和在不同浸泡周进行直剪试验。研究结果表明,(1) 压力水长期浸泡作用下灌浆加固裂隙岩样的剪应力?剪切位移曲线形态变化趋势明显,剪切刚度逐渐减小,达到峰值抗剪强度时的剪切位移逐渐增大;(2) 随着浸泡周期增加,灌浆加固裂隙岩体的抗剪强度呈先陡后缓的劣化趋势,6个浸泡周期（150 d）后不同法向应力下峰值抗剪强度的劣化幅度为32.6%～39.9%,对应内摩擦角和黏聚力分别降低了19.3%、39.4%,其中前4个浸泡周期（0～90 d）抗剪强度参数劣化幅度占总劣化幅度的90%左右;(3) 水压力作用下裂隙岩样发生溶解、溶蚀、润滑、软化等物理化学作用,浆体中的凝胶体被进入浆体内部的水分子软化,导致裂隙岩体和灌浆体本身的力学性质逐渐劣化,浆体与裂隙面之间的胶结作用、浆体与碳纤维之间粘结性能逐渐减弱,使得灌浆加固裂隙岩体抗剪性能逐渐劣化,剪切破坏面逐渐发展到浆体与裂隙面之间的胶结面。相关研究成果可为灌浆加固裂隙岩体的长期稳定性分析评价提供参考。 相似文献
7.
在岩土工程中,裂隙岩体经常处于峰后变形状态,研究裂隙岩体的峰后应力-应变关系对预测结构的稳定性有重要意义。基于峰后软化阶段强度参数的逐渐演化行为,首先提出一个求岩石峰后应力-应变关系和裂隙峰后应力-切向位移关系的一般方法。然后采用摩尔-库仑强度准则,以岩石的最大主应变和裂隙的切向位移作为软化参数,假设强度参数为软化参数的分段线性函数,分岩体沿裂隙滑移破坏和沿岩石剪切破坏两种情况,提出多组贯穿裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变关系式的求法。最后,在算例中,分岩体沿裂隙滑移破坏和沿岩石剪切破坏两种情况给出了裂隙岩体的峰后应力-应变曲线,讨论了裂隙的平均间距、法向刚度和剪切刚度对峰后应变的影响。结果表明,裂隙的平均间距、法向刚度和剪切刚度越小,裂隙岩体的轴向应变越大。 相似文献
8.
借助于先进的多功能大型高速高压环剪试验机,针对陕西泾阳南塬滑坡中的饱和黄土、干燥黄土在快速大剪切位移条件下的力学响应特性进行了环剪试验研究。研究结果表明:1)在相同试验条件下,与干燥状态黄土相比,泾阳南塬黄土在饱和条件下抗剪强度指标降低。2)在连续快速剪切条件下,泾阳南塬滑坡饱和与干燥黄土均表现出应变软化特征,饱和黄土比干燥黄土的软化特征更加显著。3)在相同法向应力条件下,剪切速率对饱和和干燥黄土峰值强度均有显著影响,但两种状态下土体峰值强度随剪切速率变化特征不同。饱和黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而增大,而干燥黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而减小。4)在不同含水状态下,泾阳南塬滑坡黄土剪切力学特性变化规律具有不同的产生机理。其中,干燥黄土抗剪强度在连续剪切过程中主要受黏土颗粒间摩擦(阻)力、颗粒运移与定向排列以及剪切面形态的控制。与干燥黄土相比,饱和黄土峰值抗剪强度变化主要受土黏聚力的控制并受水的影响;土体内水的作用能够加剧其应变软化程度并可形成光滑平整的剪切面形态,进而对其峰后剪切应力变化产生影响。 相似文献
9.
结构面抗剪强度参数对岩质边坡稳定的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
边坡工程中,结构面抗剪强度是非常重要的力学参数,合理地选择确定抗剪强度的方法,常常要分析c、值在边坡稳定中的作用。根据极限平衡原理,对10~30m高的平面滑动型边坡不同抗剪强度的控稳结构面c、值在边坡稳定中的作用进行了定量分析。研究表明c值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐减弱,值对稳定系数的影响随坡高增大逐渐增强。得到了不同坡高下c、值边坡稳定作用等值曲线,该曲线很容易确定抗剪强度参数c、值在边坡稳定中的作用。 相似文献
10.
A series of benched excavations were typically carried out on the bedrock slope surface to improve the stability of the soil–rock mixture (S–RM) fill slope. It is difficult to devise an in situ, large-scale direct shear test for the interphase between the S–RM fill and the benched bedrock slope surface. This study introduced a comprehensive approach to investigate the shear deformation and strength of the interphase. First the soil–rock distribution characteristics were analyzed by test pitting, image analysis, and sieve test. Then the PFC2D random structure models with different rock block size distributions were built, and large-scale numerical shear tests for the interphase were performed after calibrating model parameters through laboratory tests. The stress evolution, damage evolution and failure, deformation localization (based on a principle proposed in this paper), rotation of rock blocks, and shear strength were systematically investigated. It was found that as the rock block proportion and rock block size (rock block proportion of 50 %) increase, the fluctuations of the post-peak shear stress–displacement curves of the interphase become more obvious, and the shear band/localized failure path network becomes wider. Generally, smaller rock blocks are of greater rotation angles in the shear band. The peak shear stress and internal friction angle of the interphase increase, while the cohesion decreases with growth of the rock block proportion. However, all these three parameters increase as the rock block size (rock block proportion of 50 %) increases. 相似文献
11.
干湿循环对非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
膨胀土是一种气候敏感性土体,研究在干湿循环过程中膨胀土剪切强度的变化,对了解在自然界周期性蒸发和降雨作用下原位膨胀土体工程性质的变化以及由此导致的地质灾害发生过程具有重要意义。文中以重塑非饱和膨胀土为研究对象,模拟了3次干湿循环过程,对每次干燥路径中的试样进行了直剪试验,重点分析含水率、正压力及干湿循环次数对膨胀土剪切强度的影响,得到如下主要结果：（1）在干燥过程中,随着含水率的减小,试样的刚度、脆性、抗剪强度值（峰值剪切应力）、抗剪强度指标（黏聚力、内摩擦角）及抗剪强度损失（峰值强度与残余强度之差）均呈增加趋势;（2）正压力越高,试样的剪切强度和残余强度越大,而破坏后的峰值强度损失越小,破坏韧性增加;（3）在3次干燥过程中,试样的剪切强度及黏聚力呈先增加后减小的趋势,在第二次干燥过程中达到峰值,但内摩擦角受干湿循环的影响无明显规律;（4）试样经历多次干湿循环后,其剪切特性越来越类似于超固结土,脆性显著增加;（5）干燥过程和干湿循环对试样残余剪切强度的影响都不明显,残余剪切强度基本都在100 kPa附近变化;（6）非饱和膨胀土在干湿循环及干燥过程中剪切强度的变化除了与吸力有关外,还与其微观结构调整和裂隙发育状态密切相关,需要综合非饱和土力学和土质学理论对试验现象进行分析。 相似文献
12.
杭州湾浅层储气砂土应力路径试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用GDS非饱和三轴试验系统开展了杭州湾储气砂土主动压缩、被动压缩、主动伸长与被动伸长等4种应力路径试验研究,以论证应力路径对非饱和砂土的变形性状与强度特性影响。结果表明,在卸荷应力路径被动压缩与被动伸长下非饱和砂土的应力-应变曲线呈明显的应变软化性状,而加荷应力路径主动压缩与主动伸长则分别表现为轻度应变软化及显著应变硬化变形特征;非饱和砂土的强度参数在卸荷与加荷应力路径中也存在差异,前者的有效凝聚力高于后者,而内摩擦角则相反;但其表观凝聚力与基质吸力关系在不同应力路径下均可用乘幂函数 有效描述,而试验参数a、b值不同,公式 可合理地用于表述非饱和砂土的强度特性。 相似文献
13.
粉煤灰的非饱和抗剪强度是准确分析非饱和状态灰坝的稳定性所必需的,但目前对其研究积累较少。通过控制不同压实度、不同基质吸力、不同净围压对粉煤灰进行一系列非饱和土三轴试验,探讨压实度和基质吸力对粉煤灰应力?应变关系曲线和强度参数的影响。研究结果表明,基质吸力较低时粉煤灰的应力?应变曲线没有峰值,呈硬化型;基质吸力逐渐增大时应力?应变曲线有明显的峰值,呈软化型;压实度越大,非饱和粉煤灰试样的应力?应变曲线的软化特征越明显,总黏聚力和内摩擦角均越大;非饱和粉煤灰的总黏聚力随着基质吸力的增大而逐渐增大,增大速率逐渐变缓,最后趋于稳定;不同基质吸力粉煤灰试样的内摩擦角变化不大,并且都近似等于饱和试样的内摩擦角;随着基质吸力的增大,吸力内摩擦角对粉煤灰试样的抗剪强度的贡献越来越小。研究得出的非饱和粉煤灰的抗剪强度特性对灰坝的设计和稳定性分析具有理论意义和工程实用价值。 相似文献
14.
A new rock mass classification for Coal Measures Rocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ergül Ya
ar 《Engineering Geology》2001,62(4):293-300
This paper examines a new rock mass classification system (RMCR) for Coal Measures Rocks which is based on extensive laboratory testing results. The new system has been developed using 12 parameters which consist of mineral content index, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, shear strength, cohesion of rocks, angle of internal friction, point load index, cone indenter index, Cerchar index, Shore schleroscope hardness and specific energy index. The RMCR value was obtained by a number of laboratory and in situ testing results which were obtained from the coal site. The objective of the RMCR is to estimate the rock mass properties for engineering purposes. 相似文献
15.
结构面形貌特征是影响结构面剪切行为的重要因素,而且结构面形貌特征的各向异性与其剪切力学行为的各向异性之间存在一定的联系。利用三维激光扫描和3D打印技术模拟了天然结构面,并以水泥砂浆为材料浇筑了尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×150 mm的含结构面试样,开展了不同法向应力下沿不同方向的剪切试验。结果表明,结构面的剪切行为具有明显的各向异性,这种特性可以体现在峰值剪切强度及相应的剪切位移和抗剪强度参数上;在低法向应力条件下,峰值剪切强度各向异性的强弱程度与法向应力之间并非呈现简单的单调变化关系;抗剪强度参数c（黏聚力）、f（内摩擦角）值沿不同剪切方向的变化趋势总体上较相似;通过分析不同剪切方向上c、f值相对于0°方向的差异程度,可以发现剪切方向对c值的影响更为强烈。移动阅读 相似文献
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17.
对攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿尖山矿区的细粒和中粒辉长岩进行了单轴压缩、常规三轴压缩、抗拉强度和软化等系列岩石力学试验,研究了岩石结构(矿物颗粒大小)、水和围压等因素对岩石强度和变形特性的影响。结果表明,细粒辉长岩单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和压拉比均高于中粒辉长岩,但在三轴压缩情况下,两种岩石的峰值强度、残余强度和弹性模量差异较小;与中粒辉长岩相比,细粒辉长岩的峰值强度的黏聚力C较大,而峰值强度的内摩擦角φ较小;随着围压的增长,辉长岩峰值强度、残余强度与围压近似呈线性关系,剪切破坏角减小,平均模量E增长不明显,割线模量E50增长较显著;辉长岩的软化系数较高,在水的作用下弹性模量降低,泊松比升高。 相似文献
18.
Multiple-step loading triaxial compression test (ML-TCT) method is a useful tool to evaluate strength parameters of rock samples using a single specimen applying several loading/unloading. However, because of accumulated damages in the specimen with repeated cycles of axial loading/unloading, the shear strength is prone to be underestimated. A multiple-step loading damage (MLD) model was proposed to simulate ML-TCT results. Two series of ML-TCTs were carried out on a sedimentary soft rock of mudstone. The first series was to determine the geotechnical parameters to describe the MLD model, and the second series was to verify the model. The results demonstrated that the proposed MLD model was powerful to simulate ML-TCTs on the mudstone and modify the results of carried out tests to generate more reliable results. Moreover, a generalized MLD model was constructed. This model allows prediction of peak deviator stresses and the relevant excess pore water pressures in a ML-TCT for rocks having different strength which generally are affected by the previous loading history. The generalized MLD model indicates that the margin between shear strength parameters obtained by single-step loading triaxial compression tests and ML-TCTs, increases with an increase in the rock strength. Moreover, upper bound values for effective cohesion, c′, and lower bound values for, effective friction angle, ?′, was obtained in a ML-TCT with increasing effective confining pressure, σ′c. Whereas, upper bound values for ?′ and lower bound values for c′ predicted in a ML-TCT with decreasing σ′c. It was concluded that, ML-TCT increasing σ′c is preferable to ML-TCT decreasing σ′c. 相似文献
19.
泊江海子矿白垩纪地层冻结软岩力学特性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对泊江海子矿白垩纪地层中的砂岩和泥岩,分别进行了不同温度（-20~20℃）下的三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：在-20~20℃之间,白垩纪地层软岩的峰值强度和弹性模量均随温度的降低及围压的升高而增加,其中中砂岩的峰值强度随温度的变化程度明显大于泥岩,即其对温度的敏感性更高;而岩石峰值处的轴向应变则随温度的下降而减小;另外,随着温度降低,两种岩石的峰值内摩擦角和黏聚力均有一定程度的提高,并且抗剪强度指标的增加主要集中在黏聚力上。通过对试验结果的整理和分析,掌握了白垩纪地层软岩在不同低温和围压下的力学特性和规律,为西部地区矿井冻结法设计与施工提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
20.
以位于浙江省三门县蛇蟠岛清风洞古代凝灰岩采石场中的某组结构面（编号分别为J1～J4）为研究对象,利用反分析方法得到了结构面的长期抗剪强度参数：凝聚力c =0.078 MPa,内摩擦角? =15.76°。反分析的具体步骤如下：①假设结构面J1～J4符合摩尔-库仑准则,且岩石为均质弹性和各向同性的;②根据结构面处于极限平衡状态（即稳定性系数k =1）,列出以参数c、? 为未知数的极限平衡方程;③利用FLAC3D进行三维数值计算,并从计算结果中提取求解极限平衡方程所需的数据,并将数据代入上述方程便可得到4个二元一次方程;④求解此矛盾方程组即可得结构面的长期抗剪强度参数c、? 值 相似文献