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1.
地球早期演化的Hf-W同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
~(182)Hf-~(182)W作为短周期放射性衰变体系,可有效约束地球早期演化吸积增生和内部分异过程。本文通过系统总结、归纳太阳系形成初期地球核幔分异过程中Hf-W同位素变化规律、月球与地球硅酸盐的W同位素组成,提出利用~(182)Hf-~(182)W体系测定地球核幔分异时间不确定性的主要原因是地球核幔分异的持续性及开放性,大碰撞时间的~(182)Hf-~(182)W同位素限定主要受控于硅酸盐地球和硅酸盐月球的Hf/W比值,讨论了地幔W同位素不均一性的形成机制,与现代地幔不同的~(182)W/~(184)W组成可能代表了后增生作用之前整体硅酸盐地球的W同位素组成,也可能是~(182)Hf未完全灭绝时形成的区域性Hf/W比值差异经~(182)Hf衰变形成的结果。这些结论为探索类地行星形成与演化提供了重要制约。 相似文献
2.
新疆吐-哈地区硝酸盐矿床的氧同位素非质量效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着分析测试技术的提高以及同位素分馏理论的进步,氧同位素非质量分馏的应用范围已经从太空拓展到地球,逐渐发展成为研究行星和地球早期演化、地球表面各圈层相互作用的重要途径和手段.硝酸盐和硫酸盐是地球上少数几个具有明显氧同位素非质量分馏效应的矿物.本文测定了新疆吐-哈地区硝酸盐矿床中硝酸盐和硫酸盐矿物的氧同位素组成,结果显示,硝酸盐的氧同位素存在明显的非质量分馏效应,△17O高达14‰,δ18O高达40‰.为该超大型硝酸盐矿床的大气沉积成因提供了可靠依据. 相似文献
3.
珊瑚的B同位素组成是海水pH值记录的良好替代指标。对传统的高精度的B同位素组成分析的方法正离子热电离质谱（PTIMS）和负离子热电离质谱（NTIMS）方法进行了对比研究。结果显示,NTIMS分析方法具有极高的灵敏度,可以分析微小样品量,但由于其分馏较明显,并且我们的实验结果表明前人建议的使用O同位素进行分馏校正的方法仅在某些特定情况下适用,而对大多数的测定缺乏有效分馏校正,同时有机质或者激发剂带来的CNO-干扰难以完全排除,因此NTIMS的结果重现性稍差,δ11B外部精度约为±1．0‰（2σ）左右。PTIMS则分馏不明显,Cs2CNO^＋干扰可以有效监控并排除,可以获得很好的结果：δ11B内部精度和外部精度均优于±0．2‰（2σ）,可以满足高精度pH值重建的要求。然而PTIMS方法的灵敏度低,难以对微小样品量进行分析。因此PTIMS和NTIMS方法是相互补充的,相互无法完全取代。 相似文献
4.
《地球化学》2017,(1)
为了更好地实现Re-Os同位素实验室之间数据比对,本实验室在了解国内外部分实验室的数据处理方法的基础上,提出了本实验室的N-TIMS Re、Os同位素计算方法。本文所涉及到的Re、Os同位素计算方法包括氧同位素干扰校正、Re同位素比值和含量计算、Os同位素测定质量分馏校正方法、三峰法和全峰法Os同位素比值和含量计算、测定结果的不确定度、Isoplot作图基本参数介绍和相关系数Rho的计算。对于辉钼矿和普通Os信号弱(~(187)Os/~(188)Os2000)的样品适合采用三峰法计算Os同位素比值,普通Os信号强(~(187)Os/~(188)Os2000)的样品应该采用全峰法计算同位素比值。在全峰法计算中,按照指数分馏规律以迭代计算方式校正Os同位素比值的质量分馏,采用5iso方法进行样品中Os和稀释剂中Os的摩尔比(N_(5iso)/S)_(Os)的计算。 相似文献
5.
钾稳定同位素是重要的非传统稳定同位素体系,也是近年来迅速发展的热门研究课题。对钾同位素研究历史和现状进行综述,具体包括以下内容:(1)总结了钾元素的地球化学和宇宙化学性质,包括钾在主要地质储库(地幔、地壳、海洋)中的丰度及其分配,钾在岩浆演化中的不相容大离子亲石性,常见含钾火成岩/沉积岩矿物以及钾在表生过程中的循环,也包括主要行星物质(球粒陨石、非球粒陨石、火星和灶神星陨石以及月球样品)中钾的含量、赋存状态、主要矿物,钾在太阳星云冷凝、行星积聚以及岩浆海过程中的中等挥发性质;(2)介绍了钾同位素的研究历史,从1922年Dempster利用最早的质谱仪测量钾同位素在自然界的丰度,到Taylor和Urey在1938发表的经典的钾同位素分馏实验,再到Humayun和Clayton在1995年发表的钾同位素领域的经典研究,最后到近几年的进展;(3)介绍了对钾的前处理(离子交换柱法)以及钾同位素的主要测量方法,包括早期热电离质谱仪法(TIMS),二次离子质谱仪法(SIMS)和近十几年以来高速发展的多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法(MC-ICP-MS)及其不同的技术路线;(4)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在低温地球化学和生物地球化学中的应用,包括钾同位素在地表的风化过程中、海水洋壳的反向风化作用中的分馏及其在示踪全球钾元素循环和洋壳俯冲等过程中的应用;(5)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在高温地球化学中的应用,包括钾同位素在岩浆分异和矿物结晶过程中的分馏;(6)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在宇宙化学中的应用,包括在太阳星云冷凝、行星凝聚、月球形成大碰撞、岩浆海、火山喷发去气过程中的分馏作用。 相似文献
6.
地球科学中铁同位素研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
21世纪初,铁同位素的高精度分析因多道等离子体质谱仪的引入成为可能。铁在自然界中具有高丰度、多价态和生物可利用性,其同位素地球化学受到广泛关注,并取得巨大的进展。本文综述了铁同位素研究的进展和在地球科学中的应用。这些进展包括：(1)查明了各类陨石的铁同位素组成,并制约了太阳系及早期行星演化过程;(2)调查了地球主要储库的铁同位素组成;(3)积累了大量高、低温常见体系中两相间的铁同位素分馏系数;(4)初步探明了岩浆过程(如部分熔融、地幔交代和岩浆分异等)中的铁同位素分馏行为;(5)初步查明铁同位素在主要低温过程(如风化、早期成岩作用等)中的分馏行为;(6)实例性研究揭示了沉积岩样品铁同位素在示踪古海洋大气氧逸度变化和早期生命演化方面的潜力。随着人们对铁同位素分馏机制理解的加深,各体系中分馏系数的积累,铁同位素将在地球科学的各个方面得到更广泛的应用。 相似文献
7.
pg-ng级Os同位素热表面电离质谱高精度分析测试技术 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
随着Os同位素在地质学领域定年与示踪的广泛应用,对分析测试精度和检出限提出了更高的要求。本文利用热表面电离质谱负离子模式(NTIMS)对Os O-3进行测定,通过试剂纯化、器皿清洗等前处理步骤的优化保证了超低的化学流程空白和获得灵敏而稳定的仪器测量信号,建立了高精度pg-ng级Os同位素分析测试方法。采用逐级剥谱法扣除氧同位素干扰,采用内标迭代法按照指数规律对仪器的质量歧视效应进行校正,全流程Os空白为0.41 pg,1 pg的190Os计数约85000 cps,质量分馏系数在0.1%以内。pg级Os采用离子计数器动态跳峰扫描模式进行测量,187Os/188Os值测量精度小于在0.2%以内;ng级Os采用法拉第杯静态接收模式采集信号,187Os/188Os值测量精度在0.005%以内。经国际上Os同位素标准溶液N2、JMC以及国家一级Re-Os同位素标准物质JCBY的验证,分析精度达到了国际同类实验室先进水平。本方法具有低空白、高灵敏度、高精度的特点,可为地质学研究提供高精度Os同位素数据。 相似文献
8.
硒同位素地球化学研究进展与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC ICPMS)与氢化物发生系统(HG)在线联机自动测样的实现,极大提高了硒(Se)同位素的分析精度和效率,推进了Se同位素地球化学的发展。本文综述了Se稳定同位素研究的最新进展及其在地质与环境中的应用。自然界中Se同位素(δ82/76Se)的变化范围可达-12.40‰~11.37‰。其同位素分馏主要取决于硒氧阴离子团的氧化还原反应,而地表水体与氧化海洋环境中的硒同位素分馏极可能与铁氧化物吸附、浮游生物的吸收有关,均可引起约1‰的分馏,且在吸附/吸收相中均倾向富集Se的轻同位素。黑色岩系中Se同位素尚未明确对古海洋还原环境的指示,但近地表中Se同位素存在的强烈分馏,指示大陆地表发生的氧化还原事件极可能导致Se同位素的明显分馏,使河流相倾向富集Se的重同位素。因此,Se同位素有可能成为了解局域至区域沉积环境的氧化还原条件以及古海洋化学演化的潜在指标。随着其分馏机制的进一步阐明,Se同位素有可能在地球、环境与生命科学中得到更为广泛的应用。 相似文献
9.
银(Ag)是生活中常见的贵金属元素.Ag有2个稳定同位素107Ag和109Ag.随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的应用,国内外对银同位素体系开展了一系列研究.Ag在矿床中常与Au元素共生,且Pd-Ag同位素体系可作为早期太阳系演化计时器,因此在天体化学、环境科学、矿床地球化学等领域都具有广泛应用.本文首先介绍了银同位素的地球化学特点及其研究历史,对前人工作进行了系统总结,包括化学分离流程、质谱测定及质量分馏校正方法、储库同位素组成,评述了银同位素在地球科学及交叉学科中的应用.最后总结了银同位素地球化学研究的难点,展望了银同位素储库组成和分馏机理研究. 相似文献
10.
地球卤素元素含量相对稀少,相对而言氯为最常见的卤素元素。氯是一种挥发性元素,具有强烈的亲水性。自然界氯两个稳定同位素35Cl和37Cl,其相对丰度分别为75.76%和24.24%。文章综述了氯在各个地质储库的特征、稳定氯同位素分馏的控制因素以及氯同位素的地质应用三大方面的研究进展。地球主要储库中蒸发岩、海水、岩浆岩、沉积物、变质岩、地幔的氯同位素组成分别为-0.5‰~+0.8‰、0.00±0.05‰、-1.12‰~+0.79‰、-3.0‰~+2.0‰、-3.6‰~0、-1.9‰~+7.2‰。地外(月球、火星及其他小行星4-Vesta)氯同位素组成变化范围分别为-4‰~+81.1‰、-5.6‰~+8.6‰、-3.8‰~+7.7‰。相对地球上氯同位素(δ37Cl)的变化范围(-14‰~+16‰),月球和火星δ37Cl的变化范围可达-5.6‰~+81‰,表明挥发分氯在地内和地外迁移循环过程中有显著不同同位素分馏主控机制。已经探明氯同位素分馏受控于物理过程(如扩散、离子过滤、沉淀溶解作用、火山作用)和化学作用(如水岩作用、变质作用,尤其是蛇纹石化作用)等。扩散作用、淋滤作用和火山作用富集重同位素,沉淀作用结晶盐δ37Cl先减小后上升,而蛇纹石化过程中多种因素共同影响。与其他指标结合,氯同位素地球化学可用于有效指示钾盐矿床远景区,评估示踪地下水的来源和演化路径、示踪污染物源区和量化生物修复、探究矿化流体来源、指示行星演化岩浆海洋脱气等过程。 相似文献
11.
Hongwu Xu Yusheng Zhao Sven C. Vogel Donald D. Hickmott Luke L. Daemen Monika A. Hartl 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(2):73-82
The structure of deuterated jarosite, KFe3(SO4)2(OD)6, was investigated using time-of-flight neutron diffraction up to its dehydroxylation temperature. Rietveld analysis reveals
that with increasing temperature, its c dimension expands at a rate ~10 times greater than that for a. This anisotropy of thermal expansion is due to rapid increase in the thickness of the (001) sheet of [Fe(O,OH)6] octahedra and [SO4] tetrahedra with increasing temperature. Fitting of the measured cell volumes yields a coefficient of thermal expansion,
α = α0 + α1
T, where α0 = 1.01 × 10−4 K−1 and α1 = −1.15 × 10−7 K−2. On heating, the hydrogen bonds, O1···D–O3, through which the (001) octahedral–tetrahedral sheets are held together, become
weakened, as reflected by an increase in the D···O1 distance and a concomitant decrease in the O3–D distance with increasing
temperature. On further heating to 575 K, jarosite starts to decompose into nanocrystalline yavapaiite and hematite (as well
as water vapor), a direct result of the breaking of the hydrogen bonds that hold the jarosite structure together. 相似文献
12.
Tungsten and hafnium distribution in calcium-aluminum inclusions (CAIs) from Allende and Efremovka 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent 182Hf-182W age determinations on Allende Ca-, Al-rich refractory inclusions (CAIs) and on iron meteorites indicate that CAIs have initial ε182W (−3.47 ± 0.20, 2σ) identical to that of magmatic iron meteorites after correction of cosmogenic 182W burn-out (−3.47 ± 0.35, 2σ). Either the Allende CAIs were isotopically disturbed or the differentiation of magmatic irons (groups IIAB, IID, IIIAB, and IVB) all occurred <1 m.y. after CAI formation. To assess the extent of isotopic disturbance, we have analyzed the elemental distribution of Hf and W in two CAIs, Ef2 from Efremovka (CV3 reduced), and Golfball from Allende (CV3 oxidized). Fassaite is the sole host of Hf (10-25 ppm) and, therefore, of radiogenic W in CAIs, with 180Hf/184W > 103, which is lowered by the ubiquitous presence of metal inclusions to 180Hf/184W > 10 in bulk fassaite. Metal alloy (Ni ∼ 50%) is the sole host of W (∼500 ppm) in Ef2, while opaque assemblages (OAs) and secondary veins are the hosts of W in Golfball. A large metal alloy grain from Ef2, EM2, has 180Hf/184W < 0.006. Melilite has both Hf and W below detection limits (<0.01 ppm), but the presence of numerous metallic inclusions or OAs makes melilite a carrier for W, with 180Hf/184W < 1 in bulk melilite. Secondary processes had little impact on the 182Hf-182W systematics of Ef2, but a vein cross-cutting fassaite in Golfball has >100 ppm W with no detectable Pt or S. This vein provides evidence for transport of oxidized W in the CAI. Because of the ubiquitous distribution of OAs, interpretations of the 182Hf-182W isochron reported for Allende CAIs include: (i) all W in the OAs was derived by alteration of CAI metal, or (ii) at least some of the W in OAs may have been equilibrated with radiogenic W during metamorphism of Allende. Since (ii) cannot be ruled out, new 182Hf-182W determinations on CAIs from reduced CV3 chondrites are needed to firmly establish the initial W isotopic composition of the solar system. 相似文献
13.
Yanjun Li Junhao Wei Jun Tan Lebing Fu Xuntao Liu Lingjun Kong Yongjian Jiang Wenjie Shi 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(2):165-174
The Liuyuan area,which is located on the southern margin of the Beishan orogenic belt,develops abundant Early Paleozic granitoids.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 421±8 Ma for the Liuyuan granodiorite(Zhao Zehui et al.,2007),implying its Late Silurian intrusion.Geochemical compositions showed that the Liuyuan granodiorite is characterized by high SiO2(65.01%-67.31%),A12O3(17.17%-18.05%) and Na2O(Na2O/K2O=1.67-1.87) but low Mg# contents calculated as 100×Mg2+/(Mg2++∑Fe2+) from 28.77 to 31.15,as well as being enriched in Sr(472×10-6-517×10-6) but depleted in Yb(1.2×10-6-1.42×10-6) and Y(12.8×10-6-14×10-6).The REEs are characterized by right-inclined patterns with LREE enrichment,HREE depletion and slightly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.91-0.97).Major and trace elements indicate that the granodiorite is an adakite.The Nb/Ta values of the granodiorite vary from 10.80 to 18.01 and Nb/U from 6.32 to 10.09,both lying between the values of the crust and the mantle.The rock has low εNd(t) values(-2.5--0.8) and high ISr(0.706321-0.706495).Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the Liuyuan granodiorite is possibly derived from partial melting of thickening lower crust,related to mantle underplating.The Yb-Ta and Y+Nb-Rb discriminant diagrams imply the Liuyuan granodiorite intruded in a local extensional tectonic setting during late collision.Combined with previous studies on geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of granitoids,we interprete that the constraint of this adakite in the Liuyuan area indicates that the tectonic setting may have transformed from collision to extension during the Early Devonian. 相似文献
14.
北山牛圈子地区的骆驼圈西埃达克岩为过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,具有高的SiO_2(57.94%)、Al_2O_3(16.66%)和低的MgO(4.32%)含量,较高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(3.13),显示富钠的特征;而在微量元素上,高Sr(589×10~(-6)~1170×10~(-6)),低Y(4.60×10~(-6)~13.90×10~(-6))和Yb(0.43×10~(-6)~1.32×10~(-6));轻重稀土分异明显(La/Dy)N=4.60~13.87、(La/Yb)N=7.17~20.58,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.85~1.32);富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti和重稀土HREE,与世界上典型的俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩特征相似。结合区域上埃达克岩的研究成果和岀露的构造位置,以及与牛圈子蛇绿岩的关系,认为骆驼圈西埃达克岩是志留纪(U-Pb年龄为428.9 Ma)时期热的洋壳向公婆泉—东七一山早古生代活动陆缘带俯冲过程中部分熔融的产物。对该岩体的研究,为进一步研究北山造山带早古生代北山洋盆闭合和晚古生代北山洋盆重新裂开提供新的依据。 相似文献
15.
Rare-earth elements as source indicators of Pan-African granites from Obudu Plateau,Southeastern Nigeria 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The rare-earth element （REE） concentrations of representative granite samples from the southeast of the Obudu Plateau, Nigeria, were analyzed with an attempt to determine the signatures of their source, evolutionary history and tectonic setting. Results indicated that the granites have high absolute REE concentrations （190×10^-6-1191×10^-6; av.=549×10^-6） with the chondrite-normalized REE patterns characterized by steep negative slopes and prominent to slight or no negative Eu anomalies. All the samples are also characterized by high and variable concentrations of the LREE （151×10^-6-1169×10^-6; av.= 466×10^-6）, while the HREE show low abundance （4×10^-6-107×10^-6; av.=28×10^-6）. These are consistent with the variable levels of REE fractionation, and differentiation of the granites. This is further supported by the range of REE contents, the chondrite-normalized patterns and the ratios of LaN/YbN （2.30-343.37）, CeN/YbN （5.94-716.87）, LaN/SmN （3.14-11.68） and TbN/YbN （0.58-1.65）. The general parallelism of the REE patterns, suggest that all the granites were comagmatic in origin, while the high Eu/Eu＊ ratios （0.085-2.807; av.=0.9398） indicate high fo2 at the source. Similarly, irregular variations in LaN/YbN, CeN/YbN and Eu/Eu＊ ratios and REE abundances among the samples suggest behaviors that are related to mantle and crustal sources. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古乌兰沟埃达克岩锆石U-Pb年龄及构造环境 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
内蒙古中部贺根山缝合带的梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中,新发现乌兰沟埃达克岩,岩性为花岗闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年结果表明,乌兰沟埃达克岩的侵位年龄为279.3±1.4Ma,其形成时代为早二叠世。乌兰沟埃达克岩SiO_2含量为65.92%~69.65%,MgO为1.34%~2.16%,Al_2O_3为15.30%~17.33%,Na_2O/K_2O值为3.95~14.09,Sr=359.60×10~(-6)~734.00×10~(-6),Yb=0.83×10~(-6)~2.02×10~(-6),Y=6.65×10~(-6)~12.84×10~(-6);富集K、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素;稀土元素总量为32.18×10~(-6)~65.41×10~(-6),明显较低,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N值为2.84~7.56,无明显Eu异常,显示出高硅埃达克岩(HSA)的地球化学特征。该埃达克岩具有岛弧型岩浆岩特征,形成于俯冲带岛弧环境,可能为洋内俯冲洋壳+俯冲深积物部分熔融并与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩反应成因。根据乌兰沟埃达克岩与梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩的时空分布与演化特征,贺根山缝合带在早二叠世可能存在洋内俯冲作用。 相似文献
17.
Tianli Zhang Jia Liu Qun Zhang Yingnan Zhang Liping Qin 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(1):169-183
This study presents high-precision W isotopic measurement results using the 180W-183W double spike technique with MC-ICP-MS. The effects of isobaric and polyatomic interferences on W isotopic measurements were evaluated. The δ186/184W values were not significantly affected when the solution had Hf/W ≤ 3 × 10-4, Ta/W ≤ 1, Os/W ≤ 0.06, Ce/W ≤ 0.0075, Nd/W ≤ 3.5 and Sm/W ≤ 5. The intermediate measurement precisions of both standard solutions (NIST SRM 3163 and Alfa Aesar W) and geological reference materials (NOD-A-1) were better than ±0.024‰ (2s). We also obtained a precision of 0.026‰ for a minimum sample loading mass of 5 ng, allowing the analysis of samples with low W contents. Replicated measurements of geological reference materials (AGV-2, BCR-2, BHVO-2, GSP-2, RGM-1, SDC-1, NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1) yielded δ186/184W values ranging from 0.017‰ to 0.144‰. The δ186/184W values of two major tungsten ore minerals (scheelite and wolframite) were reported and compared herein. Scheelites had systematically slightly heavier W isotopic compositions than wolframites, which may reflect differences in the crystal structure. The resolvable variations of stable/mass-dependent W isotopic compositions in rocks and ore minerals make W isotopes a novel tool for studying hydrothermal mineralisation processes and the W cycle of geological reservoirs. 相似文献
18.
对来自滇东南马关木厂的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩中名义上无水矿物(NAMs)进行显微傅里叶变换红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)分析,结果显示,单斜辉石、斜方辉石和橄榄石中均含有以羟基形式存在的结构水,单斜辉石的水含量为160×10~(-6)~557×10~(-6)(质量分数,下同),斜方辉石的水含量为85×10~(-6)~207×10~(-6),橄榄石的水含量为5×10~(-6)~12×10~(-6),根据矿物百分比含量估算的全岩水含量为46×10~(-6)~137×10~(-6);元素地球化学特征表明,本次研究的橄榄岩包体是岩石圈地幔经历较低程度部分熔融的残余;低(La/Yb)N值(0.22~0.57)以及高Ti/Eu比值(4 076~6 772)暗示橄榄岩可能经历了以硅酸盐熔体为交代介质的微弱地幔交代作用;单斜辉石的微量元素组成比较单一,整体表现出高场强元素、大离子亲石元素以及轻稀土元素的同步亏损;结合中国东部地区已经发表的橄榄岩包体含水量数据来看,滇东南马关木厂岩石圈地幔具有明显富水的特征,可能与该区自中生代以来遭受的新特提斯洋壳大规模俯冲流体交代作用有关;与华北克拉通含水量的明显差异有可能反映的是两地岩石圈地幔正处于不同的演化阶段。 相似文献
19.
Oxygen isotope fractionation was experimentally studied in the quartz-wolframite-water system from 200 to 420 °C. The starting
wolframite was synthesized in aqueous solutions of Na2WO4 · 2H2O + FeCl2 · 4H2O or MnCl2 · 4H2O. The starting solutions range in salinity from 0 to 10 equivalent wt.% NaCl. Experiments were conducted in a gold-lined
stainless steel autoclave, with filling degrees of about 50%. The results showed no significant difference in equilibrium
isotope fractionation between water and wolframite, ferberite and huebnerite at the same temperature (310 °C ). The equilibrium
oxygen isotope fractionation factors of wolframite and water tend to be equal with increasing temperature above 370 °C, but
to increase significantly with decreasing temperature below 370 °C: 1000 ln αwf-H2o= 1.03×106T−2-4.91 (370 °C ±200 °C ) 1000 ln αwf-H2o = 0.21×106T −2-2.91 (420 °C -370 °C ±)
This projects was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
20.
Thermal behaviour and kinetics of dehydration of gypsum in air have been investigated using in situ real-time laboratory parallel-beam
X-ray powder diffraction data evaluated by the Rietveld method. Thermal expansion has been analysed from 298 to 373 K. The
high-temperature limits for the cell edges and for the cell volume, calculated using the Einstein equation, are 4.29 × 10−6, 4.94 × 10−5, 2.97 × 10−5, and 8.21 × 10−5. Thermal expansion of gypsum is strongly anisotropic being larger along the b axis mainly due to the weakening of hydrogen bond. Dehydration of gypsum has been investigated in isothermal conditions within the 348–403 K range with a temperature
increase of 5 K. Dehydration proceeds through the CaSO4·2H2O → CaSO4·0.5H2O → γ-CaSO4 steps. Experimental data have been fitted with the Avrami equation to calculate the empirical activation energy of the process.
No change in transformation mechanism has been observed within the analysed temperature range and the corresponding E
a is 109(12) kJ/mol. 相似文献