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海底电缆穿越底质坚硬海床时,覆盖混凝土联锁排可以有效保护海缆。根据国网舟山500 kV海底输电电缆所在海域实测水文数据,采用力学平衡公式和数值模拟两种计算方法,研究混凝土块在极端水流作用下的在位稳定性。基于推导出的力学平衡公式,对其进行函数分析后发现,当混凝土块底边固定时,存在一个极值高度,此时铺设在海床的混凝土块最为稳定,可以抵挡的水流流速最大。通过数值模拟,研究了混凝土联锁排在水流作用下的三维流态特征,对不同形状混凝土块的受力情况进行比较后发现,当混凝土块边缘为圆角时,可以改变边缘周边的水流结构,总体上加强混凝土块的稳定性。经计算,尽管国网舟山500 kV海底输电电缆所在的灰鳖洋海域潮流流速较大,但常规长、宽、高为0.4 m×0.4 m×0.3 m的块体组成的混凝土联锁排可以抵抗水流的冲击,保护海底电缆。 相似文献
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从管道尾流区泥沙颗粒的受力平衡着手,探讨了管道冲刷的临界压力差。在此基础上,提出了一种防止或减少管道冲刷的新方法,即在管道下方安装柔性阻流器。通过物理模型试验,研究了单向恒定流及规则波作用下,柔性阻流器对管道两侧床面压力、冲刷深度的影响。试验结果表明:柔性阻流器的安装能明显减小管道两侧床面的压力差。在单向恒定流作用下,管道的冲刷深度随阻流器长度的增加而减小;当阻流器达到临界长度时,冲刷消失。规则波时,因阻流器的扰动作用,冲刷深度有所增加;但随阻流器长度的增加,其扰动作用减小,对床面的防护作用增加,因而冲刷深度减小。 相似文献
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海底管道掏空与波浪力变化关系试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于海底油气管道在海洋能源开发中的特殊意义,前人开展了大量管道安全试验研究,特别注重不同底床、不同波浪条件、不同埋置深度等方面的组合试验,本次试验针对危害管道安全的掏空和悬跨开展了波浪水槽试验,探讨黄河三角洲为主的粉土海床上掏空与管道受力关系,弥补这方面研究的不足,结果表明,海底管道受力变化与掏空过程密切相关。连续试验过程表明,海底管道与海床土、波浪水体之间存在密切关系。海底管道在波浪作用下冲刷掏空经历了3个演变阶段:泥沙起动阶段、水流隧道发育阶段、快速掏空阶段和冲刷平衡阶段。水流隧道伴随的管涌对冲刷掏空起重要作用。伴随冲刷掏空,管道波浪力出现规律性转化,从正向作用逐渐过渡到负向作用,也可以分出4个演化阶段:冲刷初始阶段,管道波浪力以正向为主,管道表现为正向力作用下的振动;隧道发育阶段,管道受到的作用力主要是波峰上举力和波谷下拉力,表现为上下振动;管道悬空阶段,波峰负向作用力和波谷正向力交替出现,管道在波浪作用下表现为前后振动;冲刷平衡阶段,管道主要在负向作用力下振动。 相似文献
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针对海上风电桩基受波浪、海流长期冲刷而造成的局部冲刷问题。本文选取海阳海上风电场为研究区,基于实测表层沉积物、长期气象、波浪和潮流数据,通过利用桩基局部冲刷经验公式计算了海阳海上风电场区桩基在不同动力条件、布设方案和环境条件下的冲刷特征,进而分析了桩基选址的考虑因素。结果表明,风电场区为局部弱冲刷区域,在1年一遇波浪情况3个常波浪方向2 m和6 m桩墩直径的条件下,场区桩墩冲刷深度最大值2.23 m,冲刷深度范围0.62～2.25 m。桩柱直径也与冲刷深度呈正相关特征,风机直径为8 m时对区域冲淤环境影响较小。此外,由于风电场区波浪对于海床具有显著影响,应采用考虑风、浪、流较全面的公式计算桩基的冲刷深度,同时在桩墩的布设位置选择时应综合考虑布设区域海床稳定性、风能大小、桩柱的直径、海床土层稳定性等特征要素。 相似文献
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仿生草防护技术是一种通过降低海底管道附近水流的流速,促进沉积物颗粒在海底管道附近进行沉降淤积以防止冲刷发展的防护技术。波生流是近岸地区的重要水动力现象,直接影响海岸地貌演变与输沙过程。通过多组物理模型试验模拟了波浪作用于不同底质条件下仿生草对海底管道冲刷的防护作用以及不同的仿生草布设方式对其防护效果的影响,并对其作用机理进行了初步的分析研究。结合仿生草在平湖海管中的实际应用,证明了仿生草对悬空管道的防护效果明显。波浪在近岸区可能产生较强底流,仿生草技术通过阻尼作用对于砂质海床具有明显的防冲刷效果,但对于粉质海床效果略差,这是由于底质不同造成的。仿生草布设方式对其防护效果至关重要,主要是海底管道两侧的仿生草发挥了防护作用。建议根据具体情况将仿生草技术结合传统方法进行作业实施,以取得更好的效果。 相似文献
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桥墩基础冲刷是桥梁毁坏的重要因素,是桥梁基础设计的关键指标之一。目前国内外对于桥墩基础在复杂动力条件下冲刷深度的研究常采用物理模型试验方法,利用正态系列模型方法,在波流水槽中研究了水流、潮流和波流共同作用下青州航道桥索塔基础周围流态变化和局部冲刷特征。研究结果表明,桥墩最大冲刷深度和冲淤范围与水流流速、桥墩轴线与水流夹角和波浪等因素有关;在潮流最大流速和恒定流流速一致情况下,桥墩局部冲刷深度达到平衡后,将会达到与恒定流基本一致的最大冲深;波流共同作用下的最大冲刷深度比恒定流增加10%左右。设计桥墩形状在100年一遇水流和波浪共同作用下桥墩基础局部最大冲刷深度为13.7 m。 相似文献
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通过物理模型试验研究水流作用下轴线倾斜海底管道的三维局部冲刷问题。利用超声波探头监测管道下部冲刷沿管轴线方向的扩展过程,分析海底管道三维局部冲刷的动态发展机理。由模型沙的冲蚀试验,建立沙床面剪切应力与泥沙表观侵蚀速率之间的关系式,并引入经验公式对沙床面剪切应力放大系数、泥沙表观侵蚀速率以及远场床面剪切应力之间的关系进行表达。由倾斜管道模型试验,在分析冲刷扩展位置随时间变化数据的基础上,结合上述经验公式以及沙床面剪切应力放大系数与管道埋深的关系,建立轴线倾斜海底管道冲刷扩展速率的预测公式。 相似文献
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管道冲刷暴发临界条件是海底管道设计和运营的重要参数。Sumer等给出了3个Keulegan-Carpenter(KC)数的波浪作用下冲刷暴发的试验曲线。但对于任意KC数,Sumer等的方法并不准确。因此,建立波浪作用下冲刷暴发条件计算方法,具有重要意义。因管道与床面相交形成了复杂的几何形状,管道与床面的交叉点是数值奇点,因而管道冲刷暴发临界条件计算较为复杂。本研究采用边界元方法计算波浪运动及渗流压力。边界元可准确地拟合海底与管壁边界,方便地处理管道与海床交叉点的数值奇点问题,并可直接计算出奇点处的垂向压力梯度,准确地计算冲刷暴发的临界条件。本研究计算结果与实测值符合良好。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(7)
波浪作用下海床的稳定性直接影响着海洋构筑物的安全。目前在波土相互作用的研究中,虽然较多地涉及到对海床液化或剪切破坏的分析,但缺乏不同海床计算厚度和饱和度等条件下二者破坏特征的对比研究。本文基于波浪作用下海床应力的解析解,对砂土海床的剪切破坏和瞬态液化破坏特征进行了详细研究和对比。结果分析表明,对于波浪作用下不同饱和度的砂土海床,其剪切破坏深度随海床计算厚度的增加表现为3种变化模式,而其液化深度随海床计算厚度的增加则只表现为1种变化模式。相比非饱和砂土海床,饱和砂土海床计算厚度较小时才可能发生液化,且其液化深度最小,但相同条件下对应的剪切破坏深度却最大。波浪作用下砂土海床存在一个最不稳定厚度,其数值约为(0.2~0.3)倍波长,此时海床最易发生破坏,且破坏深度较大。波浪作用下砂土海床的剪切破坏在波峰和波谷处均可能发生,而瞬态液化只发生在波谷位置,且其液化深度位于剪切破坏深度范围内。 相似文献
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Scour of the Seabed Under A Pipeline in Oscillating Flow 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The scour of the seabed under a pipeline is studied experimentally in this paper. Tests are carried out in a U-shaped oscillatory water tunnel with a box imbedded in the bottom of the test section. By use of the standard sand, clay and plastic grain as the seabed material, the influence of the bed material on the scour is studied. The relationship between the critical initial gap-to-diameter ratio above which no scour occurs and the parameters of the oscillating flow is obtained. The self-burial phenomenon, which occurs for the pipeline not fixed to two sidewalls of the test section, is not observed for the fixed pipeline. The effect of the pipe on sand wave formation is discussed. The maximum equilibrium scour depths for different initial gap-to-diameter ratios, different Kc numbers and different bed sands are also given in this paper. 相似文献
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埕北海域海底管线冲刷稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据埕北海域水下三角洲的工程地质条件和水动力条件,分析海底管线在两种铺设方式情况下的冲刷稳定性。第一种为埋置在一定土层深度处的管线：根据整个埕北海域海底长期冲淤变化规律,利用１９９２～１９９６ 年的实测水深资料得出的冲刷速率,推算出管线被冲出泥面所需的时间。第二种为裸露在海底的管线：根据海流对管线周围沉积物产生冲刷效应,冲刷达到一定程度时处于平衡状态,认为此状态下,海流在该点产生的剪切力等于形成可冲蚀海床沉积物的临界牵引力,据此计算出在管线周围冲刷的最大深度 相似文献
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Because of the complex geological conditions of the seabed, submarine pipelines buried beneath the ocean floor become suspended over the seabed under the long-term scour of waves eroding the surrounding sediment. Further, most oil fields were built in offshore areas while the country was developing. This gives the waves seen in shallow water obvious nonlinear features, and the abnormal characteristics of these waves must be considered when calculating their hydrodynamic forces. Particularly under such conditions, these suspended spans of submarine pipelines are prone to damage caused by the action of the external environment load. Such damages and eventual failures may result not only in great property losses but also pollution of the marine environment. The span length of these areas is a key predictive factor in pipeline damages. Therefore, determining the allowable span length for these submarine pipelines will allow future projects to avoid or prevent damage from excessive suspended span lengths. Expressions of the hydrodynamic loads placed on suspended spans of pipeline were developed in this work based on the first-order approximate cnoidal wave theory and Morison equation. The formula for the allowable free span length was derived for the common forms of free spanning submarine pipeline based on the point where maximum bending stresses remain less than the material’s allowable stress. Finally, the allowable free span length of real-world pipelines was calculated for a subsea pipeline project in Bohai Bay. This research shows that, with consideration for the complicated marine environment, existing suspended spans are within allowable length limitations. However, continuing to limit the length of these submarine pipeline spans in the Nanpu oil field will require ongoing attention. 相似文献
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Understanding the sediment transport and the resulting scour around coastal structures such as pile breakwaters under local extreme wave conditions is important for the foundation safety of various coastal structures. This study reports a wave-flume experiment investigating the scour induced by solitary waves at a pile breakwater, which consists of a row of closely spaced large piles. A wave blacking gate with a simple operation procedure in the experiment was designed to eliminate possible multiple reflections of the solitary wave inside the flume. An underwater laser scanner and a point probe were used in combination to provide high-resolution data of the bed profile around the pile breakwater. Effects of incident wave height and local water depth on the maximum scour depth, the maximum deposition height and the total scour and deposition volumes were examined. An existing empirical formula describing the evolution of the scour at a single pile in current or waves was extended to describe the scour at the pile breakwater under the action of multiple solitary waves, and new empirical coefficients were obtained by fitting the formula to the new experimental data to estimate the equilibrium scour depth. It appears that the maximum scour depth and the total scour volume are two reliable quantities for validation of numerical models developed for the scour around pile breakwaters under highly nonlinear wave conditions. 相似文献
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以往的海底管道落锚撞击防护数值模拟主要为单一保护层模型,这里则针对块石+混凝土排垫复合方案建立模型并开展防护性能研究。基于ABAQUS建立有限元数值模型,模拟了落锚、海底管道、海床土体、块石层和混凝土排垫组成的复杂系统相互作用,研究了管道壁厚、内压,落锚质量和撞击速度等因素对管道应变极值和管体凹陷变形的影响。与单纯块石层保护方案相比,采用的块石+混凝土排垫方案具有更优良的防护效果。研究结果表明：在撞击点处,管道的轴向应变和环向应变均达到最大值,且随着与撞击点距离的增加沿管道轴向逐渐减小;撞击结束后,管道上仍然残留一定的塑性应变。随着管道壁厚的增加,管道的最大应变和凹陷深度也随之减小;随着内压的增加,管道上最大拉伸应变变大,而最大压缩应变和凹陷深度减小。随着落锚速度或者质量的增加,管道上最大应变和凹痕深度均变大;在相同动能情况下,管道上的最大应变和凹陷值基本相同,也表明落锚动能是影响管道变形响应的控制因素。本文研究成果可为海底管道防护方案设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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由于海床起伏不平,斜坡的存在必然改变波浪对管线及海床的作用特性,进而影响管线三维冲刷。基于波浪港池实验,考虑规则波的作用,采用中值粒径为0.22mm的原型沙铺设与波浪传播方向成45°夹角的斜坡,研究斜向波作用下斜坡上海底管线的三维冲刷特性。通过测量管线下方冲刷坑宽度和深度的差异,分析管线三维冲刷的不均衡性。实验表明:管线的存在使斜坡上的波高有所降低;斜向波作用下管线三维冲刷的不均衡性表现为深度不均衡性和宽度不均衡性,宽度不均衡性主要是管后淤积泥沙的后移引起的,周期对三维冲刷不均衡性的影响比波高对其的影响程度大;管线自深海向近岸延展时,随水深的减小,冲刷深度分为缓慢发展阶段和快速发展阶段。 相似文献
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应用切割单元法对海底管道局部冲刷数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用SIMPLEC算法的有限体积法,求解非定常流动的N-S方程,采用k-ω紊流模型,通过模拟均匀无粘性推移质的冲刷和淤积,得到海底管道由搁置在海床上的状态变为悬跨状态这一过程的管道周围局部海床冲刷情况,建立了海底管道局部冲刷的二维数值模型。海底管道从搁置在底床上到冲刷悬空的过程中,管道周围的空间产生了拓扑变化,这给采用贴体网格并在计算过程中进行网格重构的传统方法带来了很大困难,而采用切割单元法,把物体轮廓从静止的背景直角坐标结构化网格中切割出去,计算过程中不需要传统意义的网格重构过程。数值模型预测的海底管道周围局部冲刷结果与Mao的物理模型实验实测结果及Liang和Cheng等的数值模拟结果符合较好,验证了模型的准确性。 相似文献
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A numerical model is developed to predict the onset of local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents and waves. The scour is assumed to start when the pressure gradient underneath the pipeline exceeds the floatation gradient of the sediments. In this model, the water flow field above the bed is determined by solving the two-dimensional (2-D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k-ω turbulence closure. The seepage flow below the seabed is calculated by solving the Darcy's law (Laplace's equation) with known pressure distribution along the common boundaries of the flow domains-seabed. The numerical method used for both the turbulent flow around the pipeline and Darcy's flow in the seabed is a fractional finite element method. The average pressure gradient along the buried pipe surface is employed in the evaluation of onset condition with a calibration coefficient. The numerical model is validated against experimental data available in literature. A unified onset condition for steady currents and waves is proposed. Influences of flow parameters, including water depth, embedment depth, boundary layer thickness, Reynolds number (Re) and Keuleagan–Carpenter (KC) number, on the pressure drop coefficient over the pipeline are studied systematically. 相似文献
20.
The paper presents an experimental investigation of seabed evolution behavior around a submarine pipeline and the hydrodynamic forces on the pipeline under regular waves. Unlike the previous flume tests that have largely used beds with median sands, this study focuses on fine sediments such as sandy silt and silt. The primary objective of the study was to investigate: (i) the scour process under different wave conditions and with different sediments and (ii) the influence of the bedform evolution on the hydrodynamic forces experienced by the pipeline. In terms of scour and ripple formation, four distinct regimes of the near-field bed evolution behavior are identified which are: (I) no scour, (II) scour without ripples, (III) scour with small ripples and (IV) scour with large ripples. The influence of bedform evolution on wave forces was found to vary significantly in different regimes. In regime I, the wave forces were quite stable; in regime II and III, the wave forces underwent a gradual reduction before reaching their equilibrium values at fairly early stages of the scour process; in regime IV, the wave forces were significantly affected by the migrating ripples and can be rather unsteady throughout the testing period. 相似文献