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卫星遥感探测大气CO2浓度研究最新进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大气CO2是一种重要的长寿命温室气体,卫星遥感探测大气CO2浓度,可以连续地获得其全球时空分布变化情况,进而提高对大气CO2源汇分布及区域和全球碳循环的认识,进一步增强对全球气候变化的研究和预测。卫星遥感探测大气CO2浓度已经开始成为一个新的研究领域,文章综合论述了利用卫星平台遥感探测大气CO2浓度分布的最新研究状况。首先简单地叙述了现阶段对大气CO2浓度时空分布和变化情况的直接仪器观测结果,在此基础上比较全面地综述了卫星遥感测量大气CO2浓度的主要方法及获得的结果,包括利用近红外反射太阳光谱或地气热红外发射辐射光谱及两者的组合进行得模拟和卫星实测反演研究,最后简单地进行了总结和展望。 相似文献
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松辽盆地北部昌德东CO2气藏的“自生自储“成藏模式指成藏气体主要是无机成因的幔源火山岩吸附气，后期的构造运动使裂缝连通、天然气汇聚成藏。证据有：火山岩含有WB为0.429%~1.387%的吸附CO2，具有孔隙和缝隙相互组合的双孔介质，说明火山岩既可作为CO2气的源岩，亦可作为储层；昌德东CO2气藏中存在近距离不均一的CO2含量空间分布、下贫上富的储层CO2含量和上高下低的CH4-CO2平衡温度等特征。中国东部幔源—岩浆成因的CO2气藏地区均发育幔源火山岩，说明该成藏模式具有现实的可能性和普遍性。 相似文献
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中国东部CO2气田(藏)发育广泛,分布复杂。本文对中国东部松辽、渤海湾、苏北、三水、东海、珠江口、莺琼、北部湾等盆地和内蒙古商都地区以及部分现代构造岩浆活动区CO2气田(藏)和气苗中CO2的地球化学特征进行了分析和研究,探讨了中国东部CO2气的成因、来源及分布。中国东部CO2气的含量主要分布区间为0~10%,其次为90%~100%,呈现典型的U字型。δ13CCO2值则呈现典型的单峰式分布,峰值区间为-6‰~-4‰。CO2含量、δ13CCO2值和R/Ra值综合表明,中国东部高含CO2气以幔源无机成因为主,混有部分有机成因气和(或)壳源无机气。中国东部已发现的36个无机成因CO2气田(藏)在空间分布上与新近纪及第四纪北西西向玄武岩活动带展布一致,深大断裂和岩浆活动是无机成因CO2富集、运移和分布最重要、最直接的两大主控因素。 相似文献
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【研究目的】 二氧化碳羽流地热系统（CPGS）在取热的同时可实现CO2地质封存，在碳达峰与碳中和背景下，CPGS碳封存的经济性是众多学者关注的要点。【研究方法】 以松辽盆地泉头组为例，采用数值模拟方法对比分析了注入压力、井间距与回注温度对热提取率的影响，在供暖情景下，计算了CPGS供暖效益与碳封存成本，并与常规水热型地热系统供暖效益进行了对比。【研究结果】 受携热介质转变与热突破影响，CPGS开采井温度呈现“降低-稳定-降低”的趋势，其中井间距对开采井温降影响显著，井间距越小开采井温降越明显；热提取率与回注压力呈现正相关性，与回注温度呈现负相关性，井间距对热提取率影响不显著；CPGS与常规水热型地热系统相比，采热量呈现“高-低-高”三个阶段，其中回注压力越小、回注温度与储层温度越接近，实现CPGS较水介质多采热能所需的时间越短。【结论】 仅考虑CO2价格与取热效益，供暖收益抵消部分碳封存成本后，井间距对CO2封存单位成本影响最为显著，井间距越小，CO2封存单位成本降低越迅速，在注采井间距300 m条件下，持续开采30 a后CO2封存单位成本可降至160元/t。 相似文献
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二氧化碳地质封存中的储存容量评估：问题和研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
二氧化碳地质封存被认为是一项非常有潜力的CO2减排技术。其中对CO2地质储存能力的评估可作为某一国家、某一区域或某一具体储层是否适合CO2地质封存开展的判断依据之一。但目前的研究结果表明,对CO2地质储存容量的评估并不是一个简单而直接的过程。介绍了由碳封存领导人论坛（CSFL）提出的用于不可采煤层、油气储层和深部咸水含水层中CO2储存容量评估的方法。总结了影响CO2地质储存容量评估的主要因素,为我国在CO2地质封存领域研究的广泛合作提出了建议,有助于推动该技术在中国的深入开展。 相似文献
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大气CO2浓度增加对陆地化学侵蚀的影响小于酸雨的影响。水土流失可能促进大气CO2浓度的增高;植被破坏又影响大气CO2的固定。虽然大气CO2的较高浓度可能促成初级生产力的提高,但海洋光合作用速率增加于环境系统不利。尽管大气微量气体可能产生温室效应,但CO2与地表升温的对应关系不清楚、增温幅度与自然脉动的关系尚需客观评定。地质记录具全息性特征。加强地质记录和现代地质过程研究是揭示大气微量气体环境效应之谜的关键;从燃料和植被两个系列着手是维护全球环境的重要途径。 相似文献
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全球变化条件下的土壤呼吸效应 总被引：52，自引：7，他引：52
土壤呼吸是陆地植物固定CO2尔后又释放CO2返回大气的主要途径，是与全球变化有关的一个重要过程。综述了全球变化下CO2浓度上升、全球增温、耕作方式的改变及氮沉降增加的土壤呼吸效应。大气CO2浓度的上升将增加土壤中CO2的释放通量，同时将促进土壤的碳吸存；在全球增温的情形下，土壤可能向大气中释放更多的CO2，传统的土地利用方式可能是引发温室气体CO2产生的重要原因，所有这些全球变化对土壤呼吸的作用具有不确定性。认为土壤碳库的碳储量增加并不能减缓21世纪大气CO2浓度的上升。据此讨论了该问题的对策并提出了今后土壤呼吸的一些研究方向。其中强调，尽管森林土壤碳固定能力有限，但植树造林、森林保护是一项缓解大气CO2上升的可行性对策；基于现有田间尺度CO2通量测定在不确定性方面的进展，今后应继续朝大尺度田间和模拟程序方面努力；着重回答全球变化条件下的土壤呼吸过程机理；区分土壤呼吸的不同来源以及弄清土壤呼吸黑箱系统中土壤微生物及土壤动物的功能。当然，土壤呼吸的测定方法尚有待改善。 相似文献
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CO2气藏由于其物理、化学性质的特殊性,CO2气勘探与烃类气既有相同又有区别,综合应用多种资料和多种技术方法是识别CO2气(层)藏的有效手段。利用区域地质分析、地球物理和地球化学勘探方法综合评价非烃气的分布,提出钻探目标,通过非烃色谱测量法和红外线CO2气体浓度测量法实现CO2气层钻井现场动态检测,利用气体色谱检测相关录井参数资料、核测井密度中子孔隙度差值综合解释CO2气层,有效地识别CO2气。主要介绍CO2气藏综合勘探技术的关键的新技术方法,如地球化学方法、录井和测井综合识别的关键技术方法等。 相似文献
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沉积岩中无机CO2热模拟实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
结合三水盆地的地质特点，分析了无机CO2热模拟实验研究的可能性，进行了不同条件下的模拟试验和相关的分析测试，提出了无机CO2生成量和转化率的概念和计算方法。从实验结果来看：含有一定量碳酸盐矿物的沉积岩，在一定温度下可转化形成相当数量的无机CO2，无机CO2转化率越高，岩石中碳酸盐矿物越容易转化生成无机CO2；相同热成熟度条件下，Ⅱ型干酪根生成有机CO2的量较Ⅲ型的少；CO2中碳同位素与CO2的成因密切相关，随有机质热成熟度的增加，同种类型有机质生成的有机CO2相对富集13C；无机CO2较有机CO2的碳同位素明显富集13C，随水介质的pH值降低，无机CO2气含量、模拟温度及时间的增加，无机CO2相对富集13C。实验研究结果为CO2成因研究及其资源评价提供了实验依据。 相似文献
11.
W. A. Ambrose S. Lakshminarasimhan M. H. Holtz V. Nú?ez-López S. D. Hovorka I. Duncan 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(8):1619-1633
A variety of structural and stratigraphic factors control geological heterogeneity, inferred to influence both sequestration
capacity and effectiveness, as well as seal capacity. Structural heterogeneity factors include faults, folds, and fracture
intensity. Stratigraphic heterogeneity is primarily controlled by the geometry of depositional facies and sandbody continuity,
which controls permeability structure. The permeability structure, in turn, has implications for CO2 injectivity and near-term migration pathways, whereas the long-term sequestration capacity can be inferred from the production
history. Examples of Gulf Coast oil and gas reservoirs with differing styles of stratigraphic heterogeneity demonstrate the
impact of facies variability on fluid flow and CO2 sequestration potential. Beach and barrier-island deposits in West Ranch field in southeast Texas are homogeneous and continuous.
In contrast, Seeligson and Stratton fields in south Texas, examples of major heterogeneity in fluvial systems, are composed
of discontinuous, channel-fill sandstones confined to narrow, sinuous belts. These heterogeneous deposits contain limited
compartments for potential CO2 storage, although CO2 sequestration effectiveness may be enhanced by the high number of intraformational shale beds. These field examples demonstrate
that areas for CO2 storage can be optimized by assessing sites for enhanced oil and gas recovery in mature hydrocarbon provinces. 相似文献
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Interpretation of carbon dioxide diffusion behavior in coals 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Nikolai Siemons Karl-Heinz A.A. Wolf Johannes Bruining 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):315-324
Storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations is for many countries one of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus to satisfy the Kyoto agreements. The CO2 storage in unminable coal seams has the advantage that it stores CO2 emissions from industrial processes and can be used to enhance coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM). For this purpose, the storage capacity of coal is an important reservoir parameter. While the amount of CO2 sorption data on various natural coals has increased in recent years, only few measurements have been performed to estimate the rate of CO2 sorption under reservoir conditions. An understanding of gas transport is crucial for processes associated with CO2 injection, storage and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) production.A volumetric experimental set-up has been used to determine the rate of sorption of carbon dioxide in coal particles at various pressures and various grain size fractions. The pressure history during each pressure step was measured. The measurements are interpreted in terms of temperature relaxation and transport/sorption processes within the coal particles. The characteristic times of sorption increase with increasing pressure. No clear dependence of the characteristic time with respect to the particle size was found. At low pressures (below 1 MPa) fast gas diffusion is the prevailing mechanism for sorption, whereas at higher pressures, the slow diffusion process controls the gas uptake by the coal. 相似文献
13.
Instances of gas leakage from naturally occurring CO2 reservoirs and natural gas storage sites serve as analogues for the potential release of CO2 from geologic storage sites. This paper summarizes and compares the features, events, and processes that can be identified
from these analogues, which include both naturally occurring releases and those associated with industrial processes. The
following conclusions are drawn: (1) carbon dioxide can accumulate beneath, and be released from, primary and secondary shallower
reservoirs with capping units located at a wide range of depths; (2) many natural releases of CO2 are correlated with a specific event that triggered the release; (3) unsealed fault and fracture zones may act as conduits
for CO2 flow from depth to the surface; (4) improperly constructed or abandoned wells can rapidly release large quantities of CO2; (5) the types of CO2 release at the surface vary widely between and within different leakage sites; (6) the hazard to human health was small in
most cases, possibly because of implementation of post-leakage public education and monitoring programs; (7) while changes
in groundwater chemistry were related to CO2 leakage, waters often remained potable. Lessons learned for risk assessment associated with geologic carbon sequestration
are discussed.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
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结合CO_2地质利用与封存技术机理,在国际权威潜力评估公式的基础上,系统地提出了适合中国地质背景的次盆地尺度CO_2封存潜力评估方法及关键参数取值。同时,以四川盆地为例,依次开展了枯竭油田地质封存与CO_2强化石油开采、枯竭气田与CO_2强化采气、不可采煤层地质封存与CO_2驱替煤层气,以及咸水层地质封存技术的CO_2地质封存潜力。结果表明,四川盆地利用深部咸水层与枯竭天然气田CO_2地质封存潜力最大,期望值分别达154.20×10~8t和53.73×10~8t。其中,枯竭天然气田因成藏条件好、勘探程度高、基础建设完善,为四川盆地及其周边利用枯竭气田CO_2地质封存技术实现低碳减排提供了早期示范机会。CO_2地质利用与封存潜力评估方法,对进一步开展全国次盆地尺度理论封存潜力评估与工程规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
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To stabilize the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG), a huge reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is required. Although some people believe that this necessitates a considerable reduction in the use of fossil fuels or fuel switching, other options are available that allow the use of fossil fuels and reduce atmospheric emissions of CO2. Sequestration of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion in the subsurface could prevent the CO2 from reaching the surface for millions of years. Geological sequestration of CO2 in deep aquifers or in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is a mature technology. Despite the huge quantities of CO2 that can be sequestered in this way, this approach does not provide any economic benefit. This paper discusses a third option, which consists of injecting CO2 in deep coal seams to sequester the carbon and enhance the recovery of coalbed methane (CBM). Waste CO2 from CBM-fueled power plants could be injected into CBM reservoirs to produce more methane (CH4) for the power plant. The 2:1 coal-sorption selectivity for CO2 over CH4 supports the feasibility of operating fossil-fueled power plants without atmospheric CO2 emissions. Other CO2 sequestration technologies, such as ocean disposal and biofixation, are briefly discussed and the suitability of these approaches is evaluated for use in Alberta, Canada. 相似文献
16.
天然气水合物成因探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
天然气水合物是未来的能源资源。其分布于极地地区、深海地区及深水湖泊中。在海洋里,天然气水合物主要分布于外大陆边缘和洋岛的周围,其分布与近代火山的分布范围具有一致性。同位素组成表明天然气水合物甲烷主要是由自养产甲烷菌还原CO2形成的。典型的大陆边缘沉积物有机碳含量低（＜0．5％～1．0％）,不足以产生天然气水合物带高含量的甲烷。赋存天然气水合物的沉积物时代主要为晚中新世-晚上新世,具有一定的时限性,并且天然气水合物与火山灰或火山砂共存,表明其形成与火山-热液体系有一定联系。火山与天然气水合物空间上的一致性表明,天然气水合物甲烷的底物可能主要是由洋底火山喷发带来的CO2。由前人研究结果推断 HCO－3在脱去两个O原子的同时,可能发生了亲核重排,羟基 H原子迁移到 C原子上,形成了甲酰基（HCO－）,使甲烷的第一个 H原子来源于水。探讨了甲烷及其水合物的形成机制,提出了天然气水合物成因模型。 相似文献
17.
This paper reviews various coal seam gas (CSG) models that have been developed for the Sydney Basin, and provides an alternative interpretation for gas composition layering and deep-seated CO2 origins. Open file CSG wells, supplemented by mine-scale information, were used to examine trends in gas content and composition at locations from the margin to the centre of the basin. Regionally available hydrochemistry data and interpretations of hydrodynamics were incorporated with conventional petroleum well data on porosity and permeability. The synthesised gas and groundwater model presented in this paper suggests that meteoric water flow under hydrostatic pressure transports methanogenic consortia into the subsurface and that water chemistry evolves during migration from calcium-rich freshwaters in inland recharge areas towards sodium-rich brackish water down-gradient and with depth. Groundwater chemistry changes result in the dissolution and precipitation of minerals as well as affecting the behaviour of dissolved gases such as CO2. Mixing of carbonate-rich waters with waters of significantly different chemistries at depth causes the liberation of CO2 gas from the solution that is adsorbed into the coal matrix in hydrodynamically closed terrains. In more open systems, excess CO2 in the groundwater (carried as bicarbonate) may lead to precipitation of calcite in the host strata. As a result, areas in the central and eastern parts of the basin do not host spatially extensive CO2 gas accumulations but experience more widespread calcite mineralisation, with gas compositions dominated by hydrocarbons, including wet gases. Basin boundary areas (commonly topographic and/or structural highs) in the northern, western and southern parts of the basin commonly contain CO2-rich gases at depth. This deep-seated CO2-rich gas is generally thought to derive from local to continental scale magmatic intrusions, but could also be the product of carbonate dissolution or acetate fermentation. 相似文献
18.
S. Mazumder P. van Hemert A. Busch K-H.A.A. Wolf P. Tejera-Cuesta 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,67(4):267-279
Presently many research projects focus on the reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is intended to apply underground storage techniques such as flue gas injection in unminable coal seams. In this context, an experimental study has been performed on the adsorption of pure CO2 and preferential sorption behavior of flue gas. A coal sample from the Silesian Basin in Poland (0.68% V Rr), measured in the dry and wet state at 353 K has been chosen for this approach. The flue gas used was a custom class industrial flue gas with 10.9% of CO2, 0.01% of CO, 9% of H2, 3.01% of CH4, 3.0% of O2, 0.106% of SO2 and nitrogen as balance.Adsorption isotherms of CO2 and flue gas were measured upto a maximum of 11 MPa using a volumetric method. Total excess sorption capacities for CO2 on dry and wet Silesia coal ranged between 1.9 and 1.3 mmol/g, respectively. Flue gas sorption capacities on dry and wet Silesia coal were much lower and ranged between 0.45 and 0.2 mmol/g, respectively, at pressures of 8 MPa. The low sorption capacity of wet coal has resulted from water occupying some of the more active adsorption sites and hence reducing the heterogeneity of adsorption sites relative to that of dry coal. Desorption tests with flue gas were conducted to study the degree of preferential sorption of the individual components. These experiments indicate that CO2 is by far the prefered sorbing component under both wet and dry conditions. This is followed by CH4. N2 adsorbs very little on the coal in the presence of CO2 and CH4. It is also observed that the adsorption of CO2 onto coal is not significantly hindered by the addition of other gases, other than dilution effect of the pressure.In addition to the sorption experiments, the density of the flue gas mixture has been determined up to 18 MPa at 318 K. A very good precision of these measurements were documented by volumetric methods. 相似文献
19.
Quick-look assessments to identify optimal CO2 EOR storage sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vanessa Núñez-López Mark H. Holtz Derek J. Wood William A. Ambrose Susan D. Hovorka 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(8):1695-1706
A newly developed, multistage quick-look methodology allows for the efficient screening of an unmanageably large number of
reservoirs to generate a workable set of sites that closely match the requirements for optimal CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) storage. The objective of the study is to quickly identify miscible CO2 EOR candidates in areas that contain thousands of reservoirs and to estimate additional oil recovery and sequestration capacities
of selected top options through dimensionless modeling and reservoir characterization. Quick-look assessments indicate that
the CO2 EOR resource potential along the US Gulf Coast is 4.7 billion barrels, and CO2 sequestration capacity is 2.6 billion metric tons. In the first stage, oil reservoirs are screened and ranked in terms of
technical and practical feasibility for miscible CO2 EOR. The second stage provides quick estimates of CO2 EOR potential and sequestration capacities. In the third stage, a dimensionless group model is applied to a selected set
of sites to improve the estimates of oil recovery and storage potential using appropriate inputs for rock and fluid properties,
disregarding reservoir architecture and sweep design. The fourth stage validates and refines the results by simulating flow
in a model that describes the internal architecture and fluid distribution in the reservoir. The stated approach both saves
time and allows more resources to be applied to the best candidate sites. 相似文献