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为研究液化场地中群桩在强震作用下的动力响应特征及桩侧土抗力-桩土相对位移（p-y）曲线规律,依托海文大桥实体工程,基于振动台模型试验,开展了0.15g～0.35g地震动作用饱和粉细砂土层不同埋置深度下的砂土孔压比、桩身弯矩及p-y曲线动力响应研究。结果表明：地震动强度达到0.25g时,不同埋置深度下的饱和粉细砂土层孔压比均大于0.8,产生液化现象,且随埋置深度增加,孔压比增长时刻明显滞后;不同埋置深度下,桩身弯矩最大值均位于液化土层和非液化土层分界面处;同一埋置深度时,随地震动强度的增大,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐增大,其整体斜率逐渐变小,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐增大,桩周土体刚度逐渐减小;随埋置深度增加,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐减小,其整体斜率逐渐增大,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐减小,桩周土体刚度逐渐增大。因此,液化场地桥梁群桩抗震设计时,应综合考虑液化土层与桩基础的相互位置关系,确保桩基础在液化土层与非液化土层分界处的抗弯承载能力。 相似文献
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砂土液化问题一直是土动力学与岩土地震工程研究领域的重要课题之一。基于南水北调中线某工程,通过现场和室内试验获取土体的物理力学参数,利用岩土数值分析软件FLAC3D对夯扩挤密碎石桩加固干渠液化砂土地基进行了动力数值分析。结果表明,由于夯扩挤密碎石桩的排水作用,干渠底部饱和砂土地基中的超静孔隙水压力和孔压比与加固前相比明显减小;干渠渠道底部饱和砂土中的监测曲线表明,随着地震荷载持续时间的增加,饱和砂土地基中超静孔隙水压力和孔压比峰值较加固前大幅值降低,且时程曲线达到峰值之后也由加固前的基本保持不变改为迅速消减降低;由于夯扩挤密碎石桩的排水和挤密作用,有效消除了干渠渠道底部以及渠堤坡面外侧平台至坡脚底部砂土层的液化现象,加固后干渠底部饱和砂土地基中没有液化现象产生。 相似文献
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石碑塬滑坡黄土液化特征及其影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石碑塬滑坡是1920年海原地震触发的大型黄土流滑,认识其破坏特征与发生机制对于黄土边坡长距离液化失稳机制的研究非常重要。对石碑塬黄土滑坡的调查和研究表明,饱和黄土或高含水率黄土具有很高的液化势和流态破坏势,在强震作用下,饱和黄土易发生液化或流滑。对石碑塬滑坡的7组原状黄土样品进行振动三轴剪切试验,并结合其微观特征分析,探讨了循环振动荷载作用下的饱和黄土孔隙水压力-应变增长模型,分析了振动液化过程中液化应力比与黄土粒度组成、土体微观结构参数及饱和度之间的关系。结果表明：黏粒含量越低,振动作用下饱和黄土孔隙水压力响应越快,液化应力比越低;黄土孔隙比越大,孔隙结构分形维数越大,液化应力比越低,振动液化后黄土孔隙分形维数降低,结构较液化之前更为致密;饱和度对黄土粒间胶结物质的赋存状态及黄土结构强度影响很大,同一土体饱和度越高,溶滤于孔隙水中的离子浓度越高,土体粒间接触点（或胶结点）越容易发生断裂,使得黄土结构强度降低,液化应力比降低。 相似文献
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Ioanna Rapti Fernando Lopez-Caballero Arezou Modaressi-Farahmand-Razavi Alexandre Foucault Francois Voldoire 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(5):1041-1059
The increasing importance of performance-based earthquake engineering analysis points out the necessity to assess quantitatively the risk of liquefaction of embankment-type structures. In this extreme scenario of soil liquefaction, devastating consequences are observed, e.g., excessive settlements, lateral spreading and slope instability. The present work discusses the global dynamic response and interaction of an earth structure-foundation system, so as to determine quantitatively the collapse mechanism due to foundation’s soil liquefaction. A levee-foundation system is simulated, and the influence of characteristics of input ground motion, as well as of the position of liquefied layer on the liquefaction-induced failure, is evaluated. For the current levee model, its induced damage level (i.e., induced crest settlements) is strongly related to both liquefaction apparition and dissipation of excess pore water pressure on the foundation. The respective role of input ground motion characteristics is a key component for soil liquefaction apparition, as long duration of mainshock can lead to important nonlinearity and extended soil liquefaction. A circular collapse surface is generated inside the liquefied region and extends toward the crest in both sides of the levee. Even so, when the liquefied layer is situated in depth, no significant effect on the levee response is found. This research work provides a reference case study for seismic assessment of embankment-type structures subjected to earthquake and proposes a high-performance computational framework accessible to engineers. 相似文献
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The paper provides a new analysis procedure for the assessment of the lateral response of isolated piles/drilled shafts in saturated sands as liquefaction and lateral soil spread develop in response to dynamic loading such as that generated by the earthquake shaking. The presented method accounts for: (1) the development of full liquefaction in the free-field soil that could trigger the lateral spread of the overlying crust layer; (2) the driving force exerted by the crust layer based on the interaction between the pile and the upper non-liquefied soil (crust) layer; and (3) the variation of the excess pore water pressure (i.e. post-liquefaction soil strength) in the near-field soil with the progressive pile deflection under lateral soil spread driving force. A constitutive model for fully liquefied sands under monotonic loading and undrained conditions is developed in order to predict the zone of post-liquefaction zero-strength of liquefied sand before it rebounds with the increasing soil strain in the near-field. The analytical and empirical concepts employed in the Strain Wedge (SW) model allow the modeling of such a sophisticated phenomenon of lateral soil spread that could accompany or follow the occurrence of seismic events without using modifying parameters or shape corrections to account for soil liquefaction. 相似文献
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地震历史对砂土抗液化性能影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨地震历史对饱和砂土抗液化性能的影响,通过离心机动力模型试验,观测了遭受过不同强度地震的饱和砂土水平场地在再次地震荷载作用下的响应,包括超静孔隙水压力的发展和土体的变形。研究表明,小地震有利于增强砂土颗粒之间的咬合及结构的稳定性,极大地提高了其抗液化能力,而遭受强地震并且发生液化的砂土,由于在沉积过程中形成的不稳定结构,则可能在将来强度相对较小的地震中再次液化。试验结果说明了地震历史对砂土液化性能有重大影响及进一步开展砂土细观结构研究的重要性。 相似文献
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上海深厚饱和覆盖土层的动力耦合地震反应分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
上海的第四纪沉积土层呈水平层状分布，市区的土层厚度约为270－290m，年平均地下水位0.5-0.7m。上海地区上覆深厚、饱和的沉积土层，对土层的地震反应特性具有重要的影响。基于动力耦合理论，将上海深厚饱和覆盖土层视为由固相和液相组成的两相饱和多孔介质，建立了能够反映上海土层深厚、饱和特点的地震反应计算模型。然后应用该模型，以El Centro,Taft，苏南和唐山地震波作为基岩输入加速度，对深度280m的上海深厚覆盖土层进行了动力耦合地震反应计算，并对加速度、振动孔隙水压力和地基震陷结果进行了分析。 相似文献
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Tectonic Taphrogenesis and Paleoseismic Records from the Yishu Fault Zone in the Initial Stage of the Caledonian Movement 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
TIAN Hongshui ZHANG Zengqi ZHANG Banghu ZHU Jiewang SANG Zhongxi LI Hongkui 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(4):936-947
The Yishu fault zone (mid-segment of the Tanlu fault zone) was formed in the Presinian. Periodic tectonic activities and strong seismic events have occurred along the fault zone. During the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, with the proceeding of the marine transgression from the Yishu paleo-channel to the western Shandong, uneven thick sediments, composed mainly of sand, mud and carbonates of littoral, lagoon, and neritic facies, were deposited in the Yishu fault zone and western Shandong, and constructed the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong formations. Through field observations and the lab-examinations, various paleoseismic records have been discovered in the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formations of the Yishu fault zone and its vicinity, including some layers with syn-sedimentary deformation structures that were triggered by strong earthquakes (i.e. seismite, seismo-olistostrome, and seismo-turbidite). Paleoseismic records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly seismites with soft-sediment deformation structures, such as liquefied diapir, small liquefied-carbonate lime-mud volcano, liquefied vein, liquefied breccia, convolute deformation (seismic fold), graded fault, soft siliceous vein, and deformation stromatolite, as well as seismites with brittle deformation structures of semiconsolidated sediments. Paleoseismic records preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only seismo-olistostrome with a slump fold, load structure, and ball-and-pillows, but also seismo-turbidite with convolution bedding, graded bedding and wavy-bedding. However, in the western Shandong area, the closer to the Yishu fault zone, the greater the thickness of the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formation, the greater the number and type of layers with paleoseismic records, and the higher the earthquake intensity reflected by associations of seismic records. This evidence indicates that tectonic taphrogenesis accompanied by strong earthquake events occurred in the Yishu fault zone during the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, which embodied the break-up of the Sino-Korean Plate along the Paleo-Tanlu fault zone at that time. 相似文献
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粒径小于0.005mm的饱和淤泥和黏土等对地震和外力扰动产生的敏感变化特性被称为触变性。地震触发的软沉积物流动变形构造包括液化流动变形与触变流动变形两大类,前者多指沙层和碳酸盐沉积物的液化流动变形,后者指饱和的泥质沉积物触变流动变形。在地层剖面中,饱和淤泥、淤泥质土、黏土、硅泥(胶体)、碳酸盐灰泥等黏性沉积物的触变流动变形构造广布,它们多与沙层等的液化变形构成复合变形构造,但中外地质学家对触变流动变形构造注意较少,往往把它们笼统解释为液化流动构造。近年来地震触发饱和淤泥的触变流动变形现象逐渐引起地质学家的关注。作者对国内多个地层剖面中地震触发的饱和淤泥流动变形记录进行了描述和成因解释,并按照触变流动变形的方向性归纳出4类模式,即①向上流动、②向下流动、③同时向上及向下流动和④近水平方向流动,希望引起从事软沉积物变形和古地震研究的地质学家的关注。 相似文献
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饱和砂土地基上抗滑桩加固边坡的动力离心模型试验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
动力离心模型试验是研究可液化地基上抗滑桩加固边坡地震动力响应的有效手段之一。使用铜质抗滑模型桩,采用黏度为50 cs的甲基硅油做为孔隙流体,通过抽真空法制作了饱和地基上的加固边坡模型。进行动力离心模型试验,研究了地震作用下饱和砂土地基中动孔压、边坡变形与土体加速度和抗滑桩弯矩的响应特征。试验结果表明,地震作用导致的动力附加弯矩相当于震前静力弯矩的87 %,说明地震作用与地基液化导致的附加弯矩不容忽视,该结论可为边坡进行抗震设计与稳定分析提供有意义的参考。 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of mitigation for liquefaction-induced soil deformations in a sandy ground improved by cement grouting 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper presents a numerical study of mitigation for liquefaction during earthquake loading. Analyses are carried out using
an effective stress based, fully coupled, hybrid, finite element-finite differences approach. The sandy soil behavior is described
by means of a cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model, which was developed within the framework of a nonlinear kinematic hardening
rule. In theory, the philosophies of mitigation for liquefaction can be summarized as two main concepts, i.e. prevention of
excess pore water pressure generation and reduction of liquefaction-induced deformations. This paper is primarily concerned
with the latter approach to liquefaction mitigation. Firstly, the numerical method and the analytical procedure are briefly
outlined. Subsequently, a case-history study, which includes a liquefaction mitigation technique of cement grouting for ground
improvement of a sluice gate, is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of liquefaction countermeasures. Special emphasis
is given to the computed results of excess pore water pressures, displacements, and accelerations during the seismic excitation.
Generally, the distinctive patterns of seismic response are accurately reproduced by the numerical simulation. The proposed
numerical method is thus considered to capture the fundamental aspects of the problems investigated, and yields results for
design purposes. From the results in the case, excess pore water pressures eventually reach fully liquefied state under the
input earthquake loading and this cannot be prevented. However, liquefaction-induced lateral spreading of the foundation soils
can be effectively reduced by the liquefaction mitigation techniques.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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液化型路堤边坡动力稳定性问题涉及岩土工程与工程地震两个学科领域,是边坡工程与砂土液化的交叉课题。采用天然地震记录为输入条件,应用Finn本构关系模型,运用有限差分法,对填土+砂土+卵砾土地层组合的路堤边坡进行了全时程动力分析,探讨了地震作用下路堤边坡的液化初步规律和稳定性。数值模拟结果表明:地震作用引起了路基饱和砂土有效应力急剧减小,并导致路基砂土液化,引起路堤变形破坏。孔隙水压力的积累与消散不仅与地震记录序列存在对应关系,也与砂土所处的位置和深度有密切关系。地表变形破坏主要表现为路堤顶面发生震陷和拉裂破坏,坡底面产生挤压隆起变形。地面以下的变形破坏主要包括土体剪切破坏和深部砂土液化引起的侧向流动破坏。 相似文献
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应用多孔介质动力学进行了水下的砂土地层的动力反应分析,水下砂层可以看作是多相介质,孔隙水是可压缩的,土壤采用了非线性本构,考虑了砂土的刚度退化和剪胀性及土水相对运动等因素,并研究了多孔介质波动模拟的边界条件,建立了水体下地层平面动力非线性动力反应的直接差分法,直接求解水体的压力和饱和土层的动孔隙压力,可以进一步分析水下砂土地震液化问题。 相似文献
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饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类预测方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于可拓学的物元模型和聚类分析原理,提出了饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类方法。选取地震烈度、震中距、砂层埋置深度、地下水位、标贯击数、平均粒径、不均匀系数和动剪应力比等8个影响因素,作为饱和砂土地震液化的评价因子,构建了经典域物元和节域物元。应用物元理论和可拓集合中的关联函数,建立预测模型,通过聚类分析得到饱和砂土地震液化的判别结果。实例研究表明,该模型能客观地反映砂土的液化规律,可拓聚类预测方法应用于饱和砂土地震液化判别是有效可行的。 相似文献
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最近20年地震中场地液化现象的回顾与土体液化可能性的评价准则 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
回顾了1994年美国Northridge地震、1995年日本阪神地震、1999年土耳其Kocaeli地震、1999年台湾集集地震、2008年中国汶川地震、2010年智利Maule地震、2010～2011新西兰Darfield地震及余震、2011年东日本地震中大量的、不同类型的液化实例调查与研究,发现这些地震的液化具有以下特点：（1）罕见的特大地震（Mw9.0）使远离震中300～400 km的新近人工填土发生严重的大规模液化;（2）特大地震（Ms8.0、Mw8.8）使远离震中的低烈度Ⅴ～Ⅵ度地区发生严重液化;（3）海岸、河岸附近地区的新近沉积冲积、湖积土,填筑时间不到50年的含细粒、砂砾人工填土,容易发生严重液化;（4）天然的砂砾土层液化发生严重液化;（5）发生了深达20 m的土层液化现象;（6）松散土层液化后可以恢复到震前状态并再次发生液化;（7）高细粒（粒径≤75 ?m）含量≥50%或高黏粒（粒径≤5 ?m）含量≥25%的低-中塑性土严重液化,对介于类砂土与类黏土之间的过渡性态土,有时地表未见液化现象;（8）液化土层的深度较深或厚度较小时,容易出现地面裂缝而无喷砂现象;有较厚的上覆非液化土层时,场地液化不一定伴随地表破坏。液化实例证明,第四系晚更新世Q3地层可以发生严重液化;黏粒含量不是评价细粒土液化可能性的一个可靠指标;低液限、高含水率的细粒土易发生液化,采用塑性指数PI、含水率wc与液限LL之比作为细粒土液化可能性评价的指标是适宜的。综合Boulanger和Idriss、Bray和Sincio、Seed和Cetin等的液化实例调查与室内试验研究成果,建议细粒土液化可能性的评价准则如下：PI ＜12且wc/LL＞0.85的土为易液化土,12＜PI≤20和/wc/LL≥0.80的土为可液化土;PI ＞20或wc/LL＜0.80的土为不液化土。 相似文献
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通过对郑州市黄河大堤一线土体的沉降，压密固结，饱水砂土的地震液化研究，认为黄河大堤附近浅层地下水开采后所诱发的地面沉降，固结过程，不会对大堤造成危害，而饱水砂土的水位降低，还会减轻或消除地震时液化砂土现象，对大堤的稳定性有利。 相似文献
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基于有限元理论,进行了缓坡土层地震液化引起大变形的数值方法研究,即采用二维有效应力动力有限元方法进行分析,在液化分析过程的每一时段考虑地震液化和振动软化得到土单元的模量,通过非线性静力方法计算每时段地震液化引起的大变形,得到土层各深度处的水平和竖向位移。由算例分析了地震动和土层坡度等因素的影响,通过对比分析表明了该方法的有效性,可为工程场地地震地质灾害评价提供参考数据。 相似文献
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开展了近场和远场地震动作用下3跨3层地铁车站结构地基液化效应的振动台模型试验,测试了地铁车站结构的加速度、应变、水平位移反应和地基土孔隙水压力、加速度、震陷及其作用于模型结构侧墙的动土压力反应。分析和总结了地铁车站结构地基液化效应特征,结果表明：模型结构对其周围地基土孔隙水压力场的分布有明显影响,结构两侧和底部地基土中的孔压峰值小于相同深度离结构较远地基土中的孔压峰值;地基土中孔压的消散速度自下而上呈逐渐减慢的趋势;地震动作用过程中,模型结构产生向上的相对运动,强地震动作用时模型结构上浮现象明显;模型结构侧墙受到的动土压力随深度增大而减小,输入地震动特性对动土压力的大小有显著影响。 相似文献