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湖北省巴东栖霞组沉积成岩作用地球化学特征研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
在详细的沉积作用、成岩作用研究基础上,利用多元统计分析方法重点对湖北省巴东水布垭剖面栖霞组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征进行了分析。研究表明,该组碳酸盐岩中 CaO 、Al2O3 、K2O 、Fe2O3 、P、Ba 和 Mn的含量主要与沉积环境或原岩岩性有关,地层中SiO2、MgO 、Sr 和 Na 的含量主要与成岩作用有关。建立了栖霞组沉积成岩作用地球化学模式。该研究合理地解释了本组岩石特殊的地球化学特征,深化了对该组岩石形成环境,特别是成岩环境的认识,区分了沉积作用和成岩作用对该组岩石地球化学特征的影响,对合理地选取有关地球化学参数研究该组岩石及类似地层的沉积作用和成岩作用具参考价值。 相似文献
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随着铀矿床尤其是砂岩型铀矿勘探和开发的迅速发展,砂岩型铀矿沉积学的概念应运而生。铀矿沉积学是研究沉积盆地形成演化过程中铀的成矿作用、形成环境、含铀岩（层）系特征,以及沉积作用控制下铀的富集机理和分布规律的学科。它综合了铀矿地质学、盆地分析等学科的内容,具有较明显的学科交叉特点。砂岩型铀矿沉积学是铀矿沉积学最典型的代表,它以盆地分析、砂岩型铀矿地质学为重要理论平台,结合沉积学技术方法,具体研究砂岩型铀矿形成的物质来源、成岩作用与铀的预富集、沉积物的结构构造与渗透性、沉积体系与含铀岩系分析、流体作用与后期改造、层序地层与铀的空间分布、铀富集因素与沉积和古气候环境,沉积作用因素与砂岩型铀矿预测,以及管理信息化的三维可视化建模等。以新疆伊犁盆地、吐哈盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地北部等地区代表性砂岩铀矿为实例,从铀矿聚集与沉积物形成—演化过程、沉积物特征及沉积体系分析与铀矿聚集、层序地层学与铀聚集作用等方面分析了铀矿沉积学研究的最新进展和认识。同时对铀矿沉积学的发展趋势进行了展望:认为砂岩铀矿“大规模成矿作用”和铀的“超常富集”关键地质环境、含铀岩系沉积与铀的空间分布、多种高新分析测试技术的应用等方面将是铀矿沉积学未来研究和发展的重点。由于铀矿沉积学与人类生存环境关系的重要性,并且其涉及沉积学学科的方方面面,因此有理由相信,铀矿沉积学未来可能作为沉积学的一个独立分支学科将得到更好的研究和发展。 相似文献
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内陆水体(湖泊、水库、沼泽、河流)和河口海洋等底部,广泛且连续分布着沉积物质,在其形成过程中受自然和人类活动影响,具有与污染物有关的环境意义和特征.中国区域差异大,环境问题较为突出,经过近几十年来围绕沉积物环境和污染控制开展的研究,我国相关成果不断涌现.首先介绍了国际上有关沉积物环境的若干里程碑性研究,回顾了前70年我国沉积物研究的发展历程.然后侧重于与人为活动有关的环境污染,分别从沉积物环境和污染控制修复两个方面,总结和归纳了近20年来中国在沉积物水环境中的作用及效应、污染物在沉积物-水界面环境行为与影响因素、沉积物生态风险与质量基准、污染沉积物的原位修复、污染沉积物疏浚及异位处置利用等方面的主要研究进展,评述了其中一些研究成果的联系和差异.最后对我国沉积物环境研究中存在的问题进行了分析,提出关于多学科交叉、复合污染、新兴/非传统污染物、质量基准、治理技术创新等几个亟需和深入开展研究的科学和技术问题,给出了解决的思路和途径,并进行了展望. 相似文献
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测定土壤或沉积物的气、液、固相中的有机组分(常用烷烃和芳香烃含量指标)作为油气化探指标已是公认有效的方法。而油气化探中的无机地球化学方法自80年代以来才被逐渐应用。由于油气藏上方烟囱效应和氧化还原房现象,形成表层沉积物元素地球化学异常、矿物蚀变和沉积成岩环境物理化学性质(Eh、磁化率、导电率、放射性、温度等)变化。对油气化探的无机指标来说,重要的是沉积物成岩作用,而不是原始沉积作用。 相似文献
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北黄海沉积物中氮的地球化学特征及其早期成岩作用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文首次报道对北黄海沉积物中氮的形态及其早期成岩作用的研究成果。结果表明 ,北黄海沉积物中占主导地位的是细粒度组分 ,其结构和性质直接影响着沉积物中化学元素的形态、含量与分布 ,使自然粒度沉积物中各形态氮的垂向分布与细粒度组分中各形态氮的分布非常相近。在氮的早期成岩过程中 ,粒度也起着非常重要的作用 ,沉积物的粒度越细 ,沉积物中有机氮的分解速率越小 ,即细粒度沉积物中有机氮的分解矿化速率最小 ,易于富集有机氮。对于不同站位的沉积物来说 ,因其沉积速率的差异 ,致使沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量有很大差异 ,沉积速率越大 ,沉积物中各形态氮的埋藏通量越大 ,在沉积速率最大的 C4站位 ,各形态氮的埋藏通量最大。 相似文献
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广西石炭系碳酸盐岩石区研究何镜宇，余素玉（中国地质大学，北京，１０００８３）（中国地质大学，武汉，４３００７４）由于沉积岩石和岩层中最大量地储存着沉积作用、成岩作用乃至地球发展的信息，在与沉积有关的诸如沉积相和层序地层学分析以及储岩成岩作用等各项研究... 相似文献
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热泉沉积物可以提供极端环境下的连续沉积,为认识地球早期生命环境,探索热泉微生物的矿化作用提供支持。现代热泉硅华由生物与非生物作用共同形成,主要沉积矿物为Opal-A,具有针状,柱状和簇丛状等沉积结构。岩石学研究为认识热泉微生物矿化作用奠定了良好基础。对热泉沉积成岩作用中Opal溶解—再沉积过程的认识,也对微生物矿化作用的研究提供了指导。目前,热泉沉积微生物矿化作用研究蓬勃发展,已明确生物矿化作用主要包括生物诱导矿化和生物控制矿化两个过程,但仍有大量生物矿化机制未被阐明。因此,对热泉沉积物形成和转化过程的研究有待进一步的加强。 相似文献
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覃建雄 《沉积与特提斯地质》1993,(3):40-51
矿物包裹体在沉积物成岩作用研究中的应用是90年代沉积学理论的一个重大进展,它不但为沉积学研究提供了崭新思路,方法和手段,而且为矿物包裹体学的应用和发展开辟了广阔前景。本文系统介绍并探索矿物流体包裹体在沉积岩成因、成岩作用、成岩微区分析、成岩条件、成岩阶段、成岩环境、成岩演化和埋藏历史等方面的应用。 相似文献
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Sedimentation rates and heavy metals in a macrotidal salt marsh: Bay of Fundy,Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ray Kostaschuk Zhongyuan Chen Yoshiki Saito Zhangqiao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(6):1291-1298
Macrotidal salt marshes play an important role in sedimentary processes in estuaries and can act as a sink for fine sediments
and contaminants. This study examines sedimentation rates and the history of heavy metal accumulation in the Allen Creek salt
marsh in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Pb-210 and Cs-137 measurements and accelerated mass spectrometer (AMS) dating indicate
a sedimentation rate of about 1.1 cm/year, which is consistent with independent observations. Elevated normalized concentrations
of As in the upper section of the deposit may reflect an increase in organic matter content while a consistent decrease in
Mn toward the surface of the section may be due to a decrease in natural supply. A peak in metal concentrations in the early
to mid twentieth century is attributed to inputs from local foundries. 相似文献
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A. P. Lisitzin A. N. Novigatsky R. A. Aliev V. P. Shevchenko A. A. Klyuvitkin M. D. Kravchishina 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2015,465(2):1253-1256
A new approach using dispersed organic matter of the water column in sedimentation traps in comparison with the surface layer of the bottom sediments is applied for the study of marine sedimentation. This approach provides the opportunity for an in situ (by fluxes of sedimentary matter in the water column) study of modern sedimentation in the surface layers of the bottom sediments and tracing the changes in the environment and climate at a new technological level. This also allows us to choose the reverse task: to reconstruct the fluxes of the matter and chemical elements in ancient seas by the rates (or absolute masses) of sedimentation. 相似文献
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M. H. Basavaraju B. C. Jaiprakash L. Chidambaram M. Ayyadurai 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(4):407-420
The first exploratory well Arani–A was drilled in the Palar basin to a depth of 2400m and terminated within the granitic basement.This well offered the first ever opportunity to understand biostratigraphy, sedimentation history and depositional environment of the entire sedimentary column based on arenaceous foraminifera, spores, pollen and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Previous studies on few scattered outcrops around Sriperumbudur, Chengalpattu and Sathyavedu areas have documented palynofossil assemblage of Neocomian–Aptian age. The present study reveals the presence of middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Callovian) sediments (2360-1725 m) resting on the granitic basement. The sediments are interpreted to have deposited under lacustrine/estuarine conditions with high tides providing occasional marine influence. The middle Jurassic sediments are conformably overlain by late Jurassic (Oxfordian–Tithonian) sediments (1725 - 950 m). The late Jurassic sediments have been inferred to have got deposited under fluctuating near shoremarginal marine conditions. There is a 55m thick boulder bed (950 - 895 m) separating the overlying Valanginian sediments. Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Early Albian) sediments are developed in the interval from 895-50m. The boulder bed possibly corresponds to the missing Berriasian stage of the earliest Cretaceous representing an unconformity of the order of ~5 Ma across Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. These sediments are inferred to have deposited under shallow inner neritic conditions. The sediments from 50m to surface consist mainly of lateritic sandstone and alluvium. The sedimentary history of Palar basin began in Bajocian stage of middle Jurassic (170-168 Ma) and ended in early Albian stage of early Cretaceous (113-105 Ma). The late Albian marine transgression which facilitated huge sedimentation in Cauvery and Krishna-Godavari basins has bypassed the Palar basin thus adversely affecting the hydrocarbon potential. 相似文献
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A case study is presented to assess the use of sedimentary chemical indicators for estuarine health. Reliable and efficient estuarine indicators are essential for management and monitoring purposes. Estuarine and fluvial sediments from Brisbane Water estuary were analysed for heavy metals to assess the quality of sediments and to determine the source and dispersion of contaminants in the estuary. Brisbane Water, 50 km north of Sydney, is a shallow (～5 m in main water body), wave-dominated barrier estuary with a generally sparsely developed catchment, except in the north where it is urbanised and industrialised. Heavy-metal loadings calculated for sub-catchments and the distribution of metals in surficial sediment identified Narara Creek, which drains the urbanised northern part of the catchment, as the main source of contaminants. Vertical profiles of sedimentary contaminants show that contamination continues to increase rapidly in all parts of the waterway to the present day. Concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in sediment adjacent to Narara Creek exceeded lower guideline levels, although moderate bioavailability (～40% for Cu, Pb and Zn) suggests the risk posed by sediments to benthic populations is low. Sediments in all parts of Brisbane Water show evidence of minor anthropogenic influence with maximum human-induced change (up to 5× enrichment) in the north of the estuary. Results demonstrate the use of sediment-bound heavy metal as an appropriate indicator of estuarine health. 相似文献
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H. Got A. Monaco J. Vittori A. Brambati G. Catani M. Masoli N. Pugliese M. Zucchi-Stolfa A. Belfiore F. Gallo G. Mezzadri L. Vernia A. Vinci G. Bonaduce 《Sedimentary Geology》1981,28(4):243-272
Lithological, sedimentological, mineralogical and faunal analyses of twenty cores from the western Peloponnesus margin and adjacent Matapan Trench permit the origin of the sediments and the processes of sedimentation to be defined in some detail.Except for the ash layers derived from the Ischian Province, the major part of the sediment is local in origin (Peloponnesus). Analyses of heavy, light and clay minerals enable three main provinces to be distinguished. Each of these provinces includes one or more slope basins and a portion of trench, without lateral connection between them and mixing of inputs.The diversity and complexity of sedimentary structures, the granulometric characters, the mixed fauna (molluscs and ostracods) and the variability of rates of sedimentation all testify to the prevalence of reworking phenomena and gravitative processes.These data confirm and elaborate on the model of sedimentation deduced from seismic studies in which sediments are successively trapped, released by the slope basins and transferred via channels and canyons towards the underlying trench basins. This “cascade feeding” appears characteristics of this subductive sedimentary environment. 相似文献
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陡山沱组顶部潮间带泻湖相泥页岩中发现重晶石, 其宏观、微观特征以及测试分析结果表明为早期成岩成因。结合产出层位沉积和地球化学特征认为, 陡山沱组沉积中期和末期发生显著海平面下降, 导致沉积速率降低至无沉积或沉积间断, 使已埋藏有机质暴露、氧化和陆源物质输入增加, 从而导致早期成岩重晶石和大型钙质结核发育和δ13C高负异常等。深水环境的变迁可能是导致陡山沱组下部发育的大型具刺疑源类生物灭绝的原因。野外沉积学特征考察显示, 陡山沱组底部、内部以及与灯影组接触部位可能存在沉积间断、饥饿沉积或平行不整合。上述研究对深入理解陡山沱组顶部年龄、早期生物演化、辐射以及Ediacaran地质历史演化具有新的启示作用。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to examine the sedimentation history of the central floodplain area of the Bengal Delta Plain in West Bengal, India. Sediments from two boreholes were analyzed regarding lithology, geochemistry and the stable isotopic composition of embedded organic matter. Different lithofacies were distinguished that reflect frequent changes in the prevailing sedimentary depositional environment of the study area. The lowest facies comprises poorly sorted fluvial sediments composed of fine gravel to clay pointing at high transport energy and intense relocation processes. This facies is considered to belong to an early Holocene lowstand systems tract that followed the last glacial maximum. Fine to medium sands above it mark a gradual change towards a transgressive systems tract. Upwards increasing proportions of silt and the stable isotopic composition of embedded organic matter both indicate a gradual change from fluvial channel infill sediments towards more estuarine and marine influenced deposits. Youngest sediments are composed of clayey and silty overbank deposits of the Hooghly River that have formed a vast low-relief delta-floodplain. Close to the surface, small concretions of secondary Mn-oxides and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides occur and mark the fluctuation range of the unsaturated zone. These concretions are accompanied by relatively high contents of trace elements such as Zn, Ni, Cu, and As. To sum up, the outcomes of this study provide new insights into the complex sedimentation history of the barely investigated central floodplain area of West Bengal. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽西部陆坡第四纪沉积地层划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冲绳海槽西部陆坡是认识深海斜坡沉积的重要区域。通过对高分辨率地震资料的精细解释,结合已有的研究成果,在冲绳海槽西部陆坡海底以下识别出4个主要的地震层序界面,相应地划分出四个主要地震层序,各层序分别对应全新世沉积层(Q4)、晚更新世沉积层(Q3)、中更新世沉积层(Q2)和早更新世沉积层(Q1)。从陆坡上部往下由斜交前积反射结构过渡到杂乱的反射结构,在地震剖面上可识别出杂乱的丘形反射单元,是滑塌体和重力流沉积的典型地震反射特征,反映出一种高能的、极不稳定的沉积环境。海槽轴部以平行-亚平行的地震反射特征为主,显示了稳定的深海-半深海的沉积环境。地震反射结构的多样性反映了冲绳海槽西部陆坡沉积环境的复杂性和沉机作用类型的多样性,沉积地层结构是多种因素共同作用的结果。东海陆架和冲绳海槽发育相同的第四纪地层垂向序列,同时冲绳海槽西部陆坡与东海陆架第四纪沉积层在层序界面、沉积层厚度、变形程度和产状等方面存在着差异,单靠地震资料来进行两个地区的地层对比存在着不确定性。 相似文献
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承德地区土城子组沉积特征及其构造意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
承德地区土城子组的沉积地层,主要保存在两个地区,一处为承德向斜,另一处为古北口断层的南部紧邻断层地区,即分别命名的承德盆地和古北口盆地内。根据其沉积特征,可分两个阶段。土城子组沉积早期阶段,盆地充填自下而上表现为冲积扇、砾质辫状河到曲流河的沉积过程。晚期阶段,承德盆地南部以及古北口盆地内近断层处,皆表现为冲积扇沉积,沉积物较早期地层有明显不同,碳酸盐岩颗粒占据主要成分,并沿剖面向上增加;承德盆地南半部分和古北口盆地内古流向分别为自南向北和自北向南。区域构造和土城子组沉积特征表明,在土城子组沉积晚期阶段,该地区构造环境发生了由伸展到挤压的转变,同时可能使盆地发生了正反转。 相似文献