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1.
Pradeep Srivastava Jayant K. Tripathi R. Islam Manoj K. Jaiswal 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(1):68-80
We study the aggradation and incision of the Alaknanda River Valley during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The morphostratigraphy in the river valley at Deoprayag shows the active riverbed, a cut terrace, and a fill terrace. The sedimentary fabric of the fill terrace comprises four lithofacies representing 1) riverbed accretion, 2) locally derived debris fan, 3) the deposits of waning floods and 4) palaeoflood records. The sedimentation style, coupled with geochemical analysis and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating, indicate that this terrace formed in a drier climate and the river valley aggraded in two phases during 21–18 ka and 13–9 ka. During these periods, sediment supply was relatively higher. Incision began after 10 ka in response to a strengthened monsoon and aided by increase of the tectonic gradient. The cut terrace formed at ~ 5 ka during a phase of stable climate and tectonic quiescence. The palaeoflood records suggest wetter climate 200–300 yr ago when the floods originated in the upper catchment of the Higher Himalaya and in the relatively drier climate ~ 1.2 ka when locally derived sediments from the Lesser Himalaya dominated flood deposits. Maximum and minimum limits of bedrock incision rate at Deoprayag are 2.3 mm/a and 1.4 mm/a. 相似文献
2.
Pradeep Srivastava Surendra S. Bhakuni Khayingshing Luirei Dileep K. Misra 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(2):175-188
Morphological and sedimentary records at the exit of Brahmaputra River at Pasighat in the NE Himalaya inform about the climate–tectonic interplay during the past ca. 15 ka. The geomorphology of the area comprises (1) fan terrace T3, (2) a high‐angle fan (3) terrace T2, (4) terrace T1 and (5) a low‐angle fan. Geomorphic consideration suggests that the fan terrace T3 and high‐angle fans are the oldest units and were coeval. The low‐angle fan is the youngest geomorphic unit. Sedimentological studies and optically stimulated luminescence chronology suggest that (i) fan terrace T3 formed between 13 and 10.5 ka and comprised multiple events of debris flows separated by the aggradation as channel bars in a braided river environment; (ii) the high‐angle fan formed during 15–10 ka and comprises channel bar aggradation in braided river conditions; (iii) terrace T2 formed during 10–8 ka due to aggradation in a braided channel environment with lesser events of debris flows; (iv) terrace T1 formed during <7 and 3 ka took place as bars of the braided river. Sudden coarsening of the sediment indicated a tectonic rejuvenation in the provenance region between 7 and 3 ka; and (v) the low‐angle fans dated to <3 ka formed due to aggradation in a small tributary joining the Brahmaputra River. This implies a phase when the main channel of the Brahmaputra did not flood regularly and the tributaries were actively aggrading. The sedimentation style and incision of these geomorphic units responded to contemporary climatic changes and uplift in the Siwalik range along the Himalayan Frontal Fault. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Navin juyal Yaspal Sundriyal Naresh rana Shipra chaudhary Ashok k. Singhvi 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(8):1293-1304
The present study aims to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to changes in climate and seismicity during the late Quaternary in the Alaknanda River valley (a major tributary of the river Ganges or Ganga). Geomorphology, stratigraphy and optical dating of the fluvial sediment reveal that the oldest fluvial landforms preserved in the south of the Main Central Thrust are debris flow terraces developed during the early part of pluvial Marine Isotopic Stage 3. Following this, a period of accelerated incision/erosion owing to an increase in uplift rate and more intense rainfall occurred. In the Lesser Himalaya, three phases of valley fill aggradation around 26 ± 3 ka, 18 ± 2 ka and 15 ± 1 ka and 8 ± 1 ka occurred in response to changes in monsoon intensity and sediment flux. The last phase was regionally extensive and corresponds to a strengthening of the early Holocene Indian Summer Monsoon. A gradual decline in the monsoon strength after 8 ± 1 ka resulted in reduced fluvial discharge and lower sediment transport capacity of the Alaknanda River, leading to valley fill incision and the development of terraces. The study suggests that fluvial dynamics in the Alaknanda valley were modulated by monsoon variability and the role of tectonics was subordinate, limited to providing accommodation space and post‐deposition modification of the fluvial landforms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Geomorphology,sedimentology and minimum exposure ages of streamlined subglacial landforms in the NW Himalaya,India 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sourav Saha Milap C. Sharma Madhav K. Murari Lewis A. Owen Marc W. Caffee 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(2):284-303
Streamlined subglacial landforms that include drumlins in three study areas, the upper Chandra valley around Chandra Tal, the upper Spiti Valley and the middle Yunam Valley of the NW Himalaya of India were mapped and studied using geomorphic, sedimentological and geochronological methods. These streamlined subglacial landforms include a variety of morphological types, including: (i) half egg‐shaped forms; (ii) complex superimposed forms; (iii) dome‐shaped forms; (iv) inverse forms; and (v) flat‐topped symmetrical forms. Sedimentological data indicate that subglacial deformational processes are responsible for the formation of the streamlined subglacial landforms in the Chandra Tal and upper Spiti Valley study areas. In contrast, streamlined landforms in the middle Yunam Valley are the result of melt‐out and subglacial erosional processes. In the Yunam Valley study area, 11 new cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages were obtained for boulders inset into the crests of streamlined subglacial landforms and moraines, and also for a bedrock surface. The streamlined landforms date to 8–7 ka, providing evidence of an early Holocene valley glaciation, and older moraines date to ～17–15 and 79–52 ka, representing other significant valley glacial advances in the middle Yunam Valley. The subglacial landforms in the Chandra Valley provide evidence for a ≥300‐m‐thick Lateglacial glacier that advanced southeast, overtopping the Kunzum Range, and advancing into the upper Spiti Valley. The streamlined subglacial landforms in these study areas of the NW Himalaya highlight the usefulness of such landforms in developing glacial chronostratigraphy and for understanding the dynamics of Himalayan glaciation. 相似文献
5.
Floodplains along the braided gravel-bed Waimakariri River are discontinuous although generally extensive landforms composed predominantly of gravel bars capped with vertically accreted fines. In order of importance, three mechanisms lead to floodplain formation. River bed abandonment by lateral migration of the braid-train initiates the formation of the largest floodpiains, which usually occur downstream of tributary fans and valley bedrock spurs. In the headwater reaches, localized river bed aggradation during high magnitude events leads to floodplain formation by producing a surface resistant to erosion by lesser events due to either the coarse nature of the deposit, or by its elevation over the river bed, or both. The least important mechanism initiating floodplain development is localized river or channel incision. A six stage model is proposed for the sequential development of floodplains on the Waimakariri River from: (i) active river bed; (ii) stabilizing bar; (iii) incipient floodplain; (iv) established floodplain; (v) mature floodplain; and to (vi) terrace. Two mechanisms, lateral migration by the braid-train and reactivation of abandoned channels within floodplains, operating separately or in combination, are responsible for floodplain reworking and their relatively young age (<250 years). Clearly, braided rivers can construct substantial areas of well developed floodplain. 相似文献
6.
Crevasse splays from the rapidly aggrading, sand-bed, braided Niobrara River, Nebraska: effect of base-level rise 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Base-level rise of ≈2·35 m on the Niobrara River has resulted in aggradation of the channel belt and a recent avulsion. Overbank areas have become flooded by rising groundwaters, and more than eight crevasse splays have formed between 1993 and 1997. Two crevasse splays, situated on the west and east sides of the Niobrara, have been studied using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), shallow boreholes and topographic surveys. The vibracores and GPR profiles provide a nearly three-dimensional view of the architecture of crevasse splay deposits. The east splay was initiated in the winter of 1993/94 and has expanded to cover an area ≈200 m by 1000 m, with sediment up to 2·5 m thick. The west splay, which was initiated by the opening of a crevasse channel through a levee in the autumn of 1995, covers an area ≈150 m by 250 m, with up to 1·2 m of sand deposited in a single year. The Niobrara splays are sand dominated and characterized by bedload deposition within channels, 5–30 m wide and 0·5–2 m deep, with the development of slipfaces where splays prograde into standing bodies of water. Sedimentary structures in cores include horizontal lamination, ripple lamination and sets of cross-stratification. There is a slight tendency for splays to coarsen up, but individual beds within the splays often fine up. The abundance of crevasse splays on the Niobrara River contrasts with other braided river floodplains. In the Niobrara, crevasse splay formation followed aggradation within the channel belt, which occurred in response to base-level rise. The link between crevasse splays, channel aggradation and base-level rise has important implications for the interpretation of ancient braided river and floodplain sequences. It is suggested that crevasse splay deposits should be an important component of aggrading fluvial sediments and, hence, should be preserved within the rock record. In this case, the aggradation and crevassing have been tied to a rise in base-level elevation, and it is suggested that similar deposits should be preserved where braided rivers are affected by base-level rise, for instance during transgression and filling of palaeovalleys. 相似文献
7.
Four levels of terraces located along Siang River, north of Main Central Thrust at Tuting, NE Himalaya are dated using Optically
Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). The dating technique is applied using (1) Blue LED stimulation on Quartz (2) Infrared Stimulated
Luminescence (IRSL) stimulation on Feldspar at 50 °C and (3) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence stimulation on Feldspar at an
elevated temperature of 225 °C. The results indicated that the later two protocols on feldspars yielded overestimated ages
that suggested incomplete bleaching of luminescence signals in feldspar. The ages derived using quartz suggested a nearly
continued valley aggradation from >21–8 ka with three phases of bedrock incision. The phase of aggradation coincides with
a climatic transition from cold and dry Last Glacial phase to warm and wet Holocene Optimum. The bedrock incision phases centered
at <21 ka, ∼11 ka and ∼8 ka indicate towards major episodes of tectonic uplift in the region around Tuting. 相似文献
8.
中国东部箕状断陷湖盆扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东部箕状断陷湖盆短轴方向,常常发育扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲,二者均可形成良好的油气储集体,但在岩芯以及地球物理资料的识别上常常容易混淆。通过对它们沉积特征、地球物理资料特征、含油气性和控制因素的对比研究和分析认为:扇三角洲是陡坡带冲积扇直接入湖形成,地震反射特征为楔形前积,沉积物成分成熟度和结构成熟度均低于辫状河三角洲,沉积特征反映重力流和牵引流双重作用;辫状河三角洲是缓坡带辫状河入湖形成的三角洲,向湖盆方向推进较远,地震反射特征为叠瓦前积,沉积特征反映牵引流作用。扇三角洲易形成构造-岩性油气藏和岩性油气藏,有利相带为扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道、席状砂以及前扇三角洲容易发育的滑塌浊积扇;辫状河三角洲易形成地层-岩性油气藏和岩性油气藏,有利相带为辫状河三角洲平原辫状分流河道,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂以及半深湖中的浊积岩体。古气候变化、构造-古地貌以及湖平面变化速率三者共同作用于扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的沉积特征,其中构造-古地貌是主控因素。结合二者沉积特征差异,建立了中国东部箕状断陷湖盆扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲沉积模式图,以期能对相似构造背景下扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的分析与研究提供一定的指导作用。 相似文献
9.
通过现场实地踏勘、拍照、开挖探槽、利用卫星图解译等方法,对乌伦古湖环布伦托海区域和吉力湖北部乌伦古河现代三角洲地区的湖泊滨岸沉积环境和沉积体系进行了现代沉积调查。研究表明乌伦古湖滨岸沉积环境可以划分为基岩型湖岸、砾质湖岸、砂质湖岸、泥质湖岸等4种类型,发育山前基岩型湖岸、侵蚀基岩型湖岸、砾质冲积扇-扇三角洲、砾质辫状河三角洲、砾质滩坝、砂质滩坝、砂质三角洲、风成沙丘和泥质沼泽等9种滨岸沉积体系。山前基岩湖岸分布在布伦托海的北部,主要发育小型塌积扇、倒石锥和狭窄的湖滩。侵蚀型基岩湖岸位于布伦托海西岸和东北角地区,发育湖滩宽20~40 m。砾质冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系分布在布伦托海西北部25.8 km狭长区域,表现为一系列冲积扇-扇三角洲体系在山前形成裙边状展布的辫状平原,顺流向长5~15 km。砾质辫状河三角洲体系发育在布伦托海西部,砾质滩坝发育在砾质三角洲前缘,沉积物一般为中砾和粗砾,泥质含量低。现代乌伦古河三角洲位于吉力湖北部,沙丘广泛分布在布伦托海东部的三角洲平原。砂质滩坝发育在布伦托海东岸南部地区,滩坝带宽30~100 m,发育大量障碍痕、冰划痕。泥质沼泽占据湖岸总长度29.22 km,沼泽地带植物繁茂,水动力微弱,泥质和有机质含量高。根据卫星照片推测乌伦古湖水位可能发生过3次较大的下降,现代乌伦古河三角洲可能经过了4个发育阶段,但目前缺乏地质年代学证据。构造格局控制了湖泊边界的地形地貌特征,平行构造线走向容易形成规模较大的沉积体系,垂直构造走向形成的沉积体系规模较小。寒旱地区湖泊周缘入湖河流较少,具有季节性和暂时性特点,洪水泥石流、塌积扇等重力沉积体系比较发育。湖泊封冻是寒旱区湖泊区别于温暖地区湖泊的重要特征。在相同气候背景下,源汇地区的高差和河流的流程、流量决定了沉积物的供给总量和沉积体系的特征。湖盆边界形态影响沿岸流的发育,也影响湖泊风动力方向和强度。乌伦古湖滨岸沉积体系的多样性对研究古代湖泊滨岸沉积体系具有重要的启发,开展湖泊滨岸沉积环境和沉积体系调查对完善陆相湖盆沉积体系模式,对发现新的储层类型,对重建湖泊古地理环境具有重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
11.
白依沟群是西秦岭地区迄今发现的最古老地层,厘定为震旦系下统,是一套浅变质水携火山碎屑岩—陆源碎屑岩建造。依据其沉积环境的差异和岩石组合,划分为上、中、下三段。通过笔者研究,认为是大陆山间河流出口处近源冲积扇体中形成的辫状河体系,为主河道—河道心滩—洪泛平原与湖泊等环境的沉积产物。 相似文献
12.
Valley sequences of Late Quaternary alluvial units reflect alluvial preservation as well as alluvial production factors. Effects of lateral channel migration, incision, aggradation and channel stability on preservation potential are explored and then considered in the light of 14 available data sets: cartographically dated and model data based on lateral channel migration; well‐mapped and dated Late Quaternary valley unit surveys; and composite age–frequency plots for dated alluvial units and flood sediments. Despite much expectable variation between sites, and the complex effects of river‐activity combinations, a common characteristic of the data sets examined is the significance of preservation factors. Lateral migration tends to eliminate older units as it creates new alluvial deposits, whereas incision may lead to the preferential preservation of older units beyond the incision slot. Aggradational environments are likely to preserve more complete records, although simultaneous lateral migration may eliminate, possibly repeatedly, the upper parts of alluvial units. The common pattern of inset and incised streams within Pleistocene and early Holocene fills or bedrock gives finite extent to later units within narrowing valleys so that development of new valley‐floor units is necessarily at the expense of reprocessing earlier ones. Floods associated with both slack water deposits and berms are also responsible for the removal of accessible earlier materials, thus limiting the preserved record of earlier events. In light of these censoring effects of river activities, the sequence of preserved Late Quaternary units within UK sequences is reconsidered. It is concluded that preservation potential factors have led to spatial and temporal bias in the alluvial record, and that both here and elsewhere preservation potential needs to be considered systematically alongside variable sedimentation resulting from allogenic environmental factors when interpreting the alluvial archive. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
基于地震和钻井资料,利用层序地层学及源—渠—汇分析技术,探讨了惠州25转换带文五段早期低位体系域发育背景及源—渠—汇沉积充填模式,并对勘探潜力进行分析。结果表明:1）惠州25转换带文五段具有三级层序属性,依据初始湖泛面和最大湖泛面特征,将文五段进一步划分出低位体系域和湖侵体系域;2）综合分析文五段早期低位体系域沉积的源—渠—汇耦合关系,将低位体系域划分为惠州5-4沉积区、惠州5-7A沉积区和惠州5-7B沉积区:惠州5-4沉积区低位体系域规模最大,以文六段滩坝相砂体和辫状河三角洲前缘亚相砂体为母岩,经3号沟谷搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,具有高成分成熟度和结构成熟度特征;惠州5-7A沉积区低位体系域规模最小,以文六段辫状河三角洲前缘亚相砂体提供母岩,搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积;惠州5-7B沉积区低位体系域规模中等,以文六段辫状河三角洲平原、前缘亚相砂体和惠西低凸起西段花岗岩母岩混合物源供源,分别经2号和1号沟谷搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,其成分成熟度和结构成熟度低于惠州5-7A区和惠州5-4区;3）惠州5-4沉积区低位体系域砂体规模大、储层优、盖层封堵条件优越,且相对于惠州5-7区低位体系域砂体具有旁生侧储、近源成藏优势,是下一步寻求隐蔽油藏有利勘探目标。 相似文献
14.
准噶尔盆地东部地区八道湾组层序地层及油气勘探有利区带预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用层序地层学与沉积学的原理和方法,建立滴水泉地区侏罗系八道湾组层序地层格架,划分沉积相,在此基础上分析层序充填及沉积演化特征,预测研究区岩性油气藏的类型及分布。研究结果表明:八道湾组为“一个半”层序,包括5个体系域。整体经历了一个先退积、后进积、再退积的过程。研究区发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲和湖泊3种沉积相类型、5种沉积亚相类型和10种沉积微相类型。JSQ1层序低位体系域以辫状河沉积为主,湖侵体系域主要发育滨浅湖沉积,高位体系域以辫状河三角洲沉积为主;JSQ2层序低位体系域主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积,而湖侵体系域以滨浅湖沉积为主。滴水泉地区八道湾组发育的有利储集砂体是辫状河和辫状河三角洲砂体,主要发育于低位和高位体系域。研究区八道湾组沟谷型古地貌可与JSQ1低位体系域广泛分布的辫状河道砂体组合形成地层-岩性圈闭,是研究区最有利的勘探目标。 相似文献
15.
L. Feng Y-C. Lu J. S. Wellner J-S. Liu X-F. Liu X.-Q. Li 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(2):279-304
AbstractThe Xihu sag, which is the largest petroliferous sub-basin of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, formed in a continental back-arc setting. The Oligocene Huagang Formation consisting of a fluvial–lacustrine succession deposited during the compressional stage is the prime hydrocarbon-bearing interval in the Xihu sag. A third-order sequence-stratigraphic framework has been built, and component sand-body characteristics were investigated based on seismic attribute analysis and well-log correlation. Two overall upward-fining sequences, and an internal low-accommodation systems tract (LAST) (fluvial successions characterised by amalgamated fluvial channel sand bodies interlayered with rare overbank deposits) and high-accommodation systems tract (HAST) (intervals dominated by overbank or lacustrine deposits) have been identified. The thick, multi-storied channel-fill sandstone bodies deposited along the central depression belt, capped by extensive overbank or lacustrine mud deposits, characterise each sequence and form favourable reservoir–seal associations. Proximal-to-distal changes in lithofacies associations were also analysed. The sequence-stratigraphic and lithofacies analysis suggest the existence of an axial, large-scale river channel system in the Oligocene Xihu sag. On the basis of the restoration of basin geomorphology and seismic facies analysis, the depositional architectures of the axial paleodrainage system have been reconstructed. Overall, the Huagang sequences represent the sedimentary evolution of a large-scale fluvial system sourced from axial and lateral supply areas, to form river deltas into an interior-draining basin-centre lake. Two major fluvio-lacustrine transgression–regression cycles have been recorded. During the transgression cycle, the fluvial morphology was dominated by braided fluvial style; whereas during the regression cycle, the fluvial morphology was characterised by a combination of multiple fluvial channel styles in the LAST, from upstream to downstream low-sinuosity braided, high-sinuosity braided and anastomosing fluvial channel patterns were distributed and then replaced by large-scale lake flooding in the HAST. The braided channel centre, paleobathymetric lows of channel networks and delta-front bodies are sand-prone units. The fluvial sedimentation was governed by multiple parameters: tectonics, paleogeomorphology and climate fluctuations. This integrated study on fluvial sedimentation and evolution of the Oligocene drainage system enable us to propose a conceptual model depicting fluvial channel styles and component sand-body architecture in lacustrine rift basins with axial plus transverse sediment supplies. This model can serve as a reference to illustrate channel-sand-body and associated reservoir architecture in similar types of drainage systems in terrestrial basins. 相似文献
16.
末次盛冰期以来长江河口段河道演变研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
末次盛冰期以来,由于海面发生大幅度的变化,长江河口段经历了深切古河谷形成—古河谷充填—三角洲发育的河床演变过程。海陆相互作用是河口段河道演变的主要影响因素。综合分析了对河口段河道研究的成果,着重对长江河口段古河谷的形成与充填、最大海侵以来的河床演变、古河谷的沉积层序与沉积相及研究的方法进行了综述。过去对古河谷宏观的趋势研究及单个钻孔的研究较多,宏观与微观结合的不够,专门研究古河谷河形的成果很少。今后应注重宏观与微观研究的结合;根据系列钻孔剖面,分析、恢复古河谷河型;根据河型、沉积物特征等,估算古长江流速、流量;加强高分辨率研究、定性与定量研究相结合,探讨环境变化与河道演变的关系和规律。 相似文献
17.
Tectonically driven deposition and landscape evolution within upland incised valleys: Ambra Valley fill,Pliocene–Pleistocene,Tuscany, Italy 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Valeria Bianchi Massimiliano Ghinassi Mauro Aldinucci Jacopo Boaga Andrea Brogi Rita Deiana 《Sedimentology》2015,62(3):897-927
Sedimentation in the upstream reaches of incised valleys is predominantly of alluvial origin and, in most cases, independent from relative sea‐level or lake‐level oscillations. Preserved facies distributions record the depositional response to a combination of allogenic factors, including tectonics, climate and landscape evolution. Tectonics drive fluvial aggradation and degradation through local changes in gradient, both longitudinal and transverse to the valley slope. This article deals with a Pliocene–Pleistocene fluvial valley fill developed in the north‐eastern shoulder of the Siena Basin (Northern Apennines, Italy). Evolution of the valley was not influenced by sea‐level or lake‐level changes and morphological and depositional evolution of valley resulted from extensional tectonics that gave rise to normal and oblique‐slip faults orthogonal and parallel to the valley axis. Data from both field observations and geophysical study are interpreted to develop a comprehensive tectono‐sedimentary model of coeval longitudinal and lateral tilting of the developing alluvial plain. Longitudinal tilting was generated by a transverse, upstream‐dipping normal fault that controlled the aggradation of fining‐upward strata sets. Upstream of the fault zone, valley back‐filling generated an architecture similar to that of classic, sea‐level‐controlled, coastal incised valleys. Downstream of the fault zone, valley down‐filling was related to an overwhelming sediment supply sourced and routed from the active fault zone itself. Lateral tilting was promoted by the activity of a fault oriented parallel to the valley axis, as well as by different offsets along near orthogonal faults. As a result, the valley trunk system experienced complex lateral shifts, which were governed by interacting fault‐generated subsidence and by the topographic confinement of progradational, flank‐sourced alluvial fans. 相似文献
18.
鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上三叠统延长组层序地层学与砂体成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘延长组为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,对延河等露头沉积特征进行深入研究。研究认为不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面、岩性岩相转换面和湖泛面为重要的层序界面,并划分出1个超长期基准面旋回,5个长期基准面旋回及17个中期基准面旋回。延长期东、西两岸发育河流—三角洲沉积体系,东北部主要为曲流河、曲流河三角洲体系;西南主要发育辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系。有利储集砂体主要为水下分流河道成因、水下分流河道—河口坝复合成因、河口坝成因和滑塌浊积扇成因等4种类型。研究认为,随湖平面变化,在基准面升降过程中,可容纳空间(A)与沉积物补给量(S)的比值(A/S)影响不同物源方向沉积体系的分布,并建立了沉积演化分布模式。 相似文献
19.
The northeast-trending Baker Lake sub-basin was a volcanically active, half-graben during deposition of ca. 1.85–1.76 Ga Baker Lake Group. Drainage was oriented along transverse and axial directions with flow to playa lake and deeper perennial lacustrine depocentres. Basin marginal, streamflow-dominated alluvial fans were concentrated along the southern margin, and provided sediment from Archean crystalline basement rocks. These fed transverse gravel- and sand-bed braided streams. Alluvial dynamics were characterized by channel aggradation and abandonment. Abandoned channel belts were sites of floodplain and eolian deposition. Basin axial braided streams fed northeast and southwest to a depocentre near Christopher Island, where eolian, playa and lacustrine environments were intimately linked. Felsic minette flows were initially erupted from localized centres; contemporaneous sedimentary deposits typically contain minor volcaniclastic components that increase in abundance basinward. Voluminous and widespread younger minette flows prograded outward from volcanic centres contributing significant additional basin-infill. 相似文献
20.
我国海域区煤型油气资源量丰富,然而海域煤型烃源岩的研究程度却相对较低,严重制约了海域区煤型油气资源勘探。选取与海域区煤盆地成煤时代基本一致、地质条件相似、研究程度高的近海断陷含煤盆地——黄县盆地为例,开展沉积控煤作用与成煤模式研究。在充分吸取前人研究成果的基础上,精细重建了成煤期的古地理格局、演化及其沉积控煤作用。结果表明：(1)黄县盆地古近纪煤系主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积,可以识别出2个三级层序。煤层主要发育在湖扩张体系域时期的辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖环境。(2)综合恢复了涵盖古近系整个成煤过程的层序I湖扩张体系域和高水位体系域、层序II低水位体系域和湖扩张体系域的层序-古地理格局,并分析其沉积演化特征与沉积控煤作用;煤层主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期,湖平面缓慢上升的辫状河三角洲前部湖沼环境,并逐步向辫状河三角洲扩展;其次,煤层发育在湖扩张体系域的中晚期,湖平面频繁变浅-变深的湖沼-浅湖沉积环境。(3)建立了古近纪近海断陷盆地2种典型的沉积成煤模式。一是滨浅湖湖沼-辫状河三角洲成煤模式,主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期湖水平面缓慢抬升的过... 相似文献