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1.
金妍  李国平 《高原气象》2021,40(2):314-323
利用ERA5再分析资料和融合降水数据,针对2018年5月21-22日发生在中国四川盆地西南部的一次山地突发性暴雨,首先对其降水强度和天气概况进行相关分析,并且通过绕流和爬流方程,将流场分解为绕流和爬流分量,重点探讨地形对于过山气流的影响及其对降水的作用。研究表明:受欧亚中高纬低槽槽后西北气流引导冷空气南下和西南低涡东移的共同影响,在四川盆地西南部山区发生了一次强降水过程。此次降水范围较广、强度大并且降水时间集中,是一次典型的山地突发性暴雨事件。由于地形的阻挡作用,使得来自东北方向的气流发生旋转,产生绕流运动,在盆地内形成局地涡旋。同时盆地和盆周山地之间的地形高度差强迫过山气流产生爬流运动,导致垂直上升运动加强。在绕流与爬流的共同作用下,为此次突发性暴雨的发生发展提供了有利的流场条件。进一步分析得出地形区域内爬流分量略大于绕流分量,即气流对于山地屏障的地形适应以爬流运动为主,绕流运动次之,地形爬流产生的垂直上升运动与雨带的分布密切相关。  相似文献   

2.
利用1979~2019年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国地面基本气象要素日值数据集(V3.0)的气温和降水资料,首先定义了客观表征冬季青藏高原南北两支绕流变化的指数,然后分析了其不同的变化特征,并采用相关分析、合成分析等方法初步研究了青藏高原南北两支绕流异常变化对中国气温和降水的影响机制。主要结果有:(1)青藏高原冬季北支绕流和南支绕流之间呈显著的负相关;北支(南支)绕流强、南支(北支)绕流弱时,对流层中低纬度地区从高原西部到我国东部沿岸为一个大范围的异常反气旋式(气旋式)环流系统,500 hPa高原的中部为一个异常反气旋(气旋)环流中心。(2)青藏高原冬季南北两支绕流的变化对中国冬季天气气候有显著影响。当青藏高原北支绕流强(弱)时,中国除东北是气温偏低(高)、降水偏多(少)外,河套、青藏高原及长江以南则是气温偏高(低)、降水偏少(多);当南支绕流强(弱)时,中国气温普遍偏低(高),东北及新疆北部是降水偏少(多),南方大部分地区是降水偏多(少)。(3)分析高原绕流异常变化对中国天气气候的影响机制表明:当青藏高原北支绕流强、南支绕流弱时,中国东部35°N以北的对流层中都是异常西北风,35°N以南都是异常东北风,受高原异常纬向绕流影响,对流层大气为明显的“正压结构”;相应的对流层底层从南到北为一致的异常西南风,850 hPa以上35°N的之间为反气旋式切变和下沉运动异常,300 hPa以下异常偏暖,这些条件加强了下沉增温,导致中国东部气温偏高、降水偏少。当青藏高原南支绕流强、北支绕流弱时,对流层中的纬向风异常则为明显的“斜压特征”,异常西风呈现为从对流层低层到高层、低纬度到高纬度的倾斜的带状特征,其下方自华南近地面到华北200 hPa的“三角形”状异常东风,配合相应的经向风异常和华南到华北的异常上升运动,低层为“三角形”状的异常冷气团向南切入到中国南海,中上层为异常偏暖的西南气流在冷气团上自南向北爬升到中高纬度地区,导致中国大范围的气温异常偏低、降水偏多。  相似文献   

3.
本文对高原山地所产生的大尺度动力过程问题作了综合评述,包括定常行星环流的纬向不对称性、地形强迫波的共振和多态平衡、非线性地形性不稳定、定常地形波能量的垂直传播、爬流和绕流以及背风坡的气旋生成等。  相似文献   

4.
春季青藏高原绕流作用变化特征及其影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
受青藏高原地形影响,低层西风气流在高原西侧分支,从南北两侧绕流,于高原东侧汇合,在其边缘附近形成一正一负2个对称的涡旋(下称“涡旋对”)。文中利用NCEP/NCAR提供的1951—2004年再分析资料,研究发现涡旋对在700hPa上最明显。将700hPa正、负涡旋对平均涡度之差定义为春季绕流指数,可以定量地表征高原绕流作用强弱。研究还发现,1951—2004年春季绕流指数存在准18a、准10a、准4a的周期振荡,春季绕流指数能较好地反映高原绕流作用的强弱。利用全国160站1951—2004年气温和降水资料,研究春季绕流作用对中国天气气候的影响发现,强高原绕流作用不仅有利于中高纬冷空气向中国北方输送,使西北、东北部分地区春季气温偏低,而且也有利于冷空气绕高原南下,使江淮部分地区春季气温也偏低;同时也有利于高原东南侧的暖湿气流向华南及江南地区输送,偏南暖湿气流和偏北冷干气流在32°N附近辐合偏强,有利于江淮地区春季降水偏多。此外,春季绕流指数对长江中下游及淮河流域夏季气温具有指示意义,当春季绕流指数偏强(弱)时,同年长江中下游及淮河流域夏季气温偏低(高)。  相似文献   

5.
采用NCAR/PSU研制的非静力双向嵌套的仔尺度模式MM5,模拟了热带气旋碧丽斯(2000)从热带弱低压发展为热带风暴及台风的过程.分析表明非对称流在低层发展并通过涡动通量项向对称流转换,使得热带弱低压快速发展达到热带风暴强度.进一步的分析表明:涡动通量项不仅依赖于非对称流的强度,还取决于非对称流型.当非对称流场为气旋式流入或反气旋式流出时,非对称动量向对称动量转换,非对称流减弱,轴对称流加强;反之,当非对称流场为反气旋式流入或气旋式流出时,动量由对称流向非对称流转换.  相似文献   

6.
青藏高原大地形对华南持续性暴雨影响的数值试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
何钰  李国平 《大气科学》2013,37(4):933-944
利用新一代中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.2及NCEP/NCAR 逐日4次1°×1°的FNL再分析资料,通过有、无青藏高原以及将高原高度降低到临界高度的数值试验,研究了青藏高原大地形对我国华南地区2010 年5 月一次持续性暴雨过程的影响。试验结果表明:高原大地形对降水的影响显著,随着高原高度的升高,降水增多,高原以东地区的雨带也由北向南移动;高原地形的机械阻挡作用使迎风坡一侧的近地面层附近为强上升运动,背风坡为下沉运动,并分别对应降水的峰值和谷值区;高原对西风气流的爬流、绕流作用明显,高原升高后爬坡作用减弱,以绕流作用为主;高原的加热作用使气流过高原时南支减弱,北支加强,并加强了高原及其东部地区低层的正涡度和高层的负涡度,使高原上空为强烈的上升运动;高原的热力作用使西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南、偏西并稳定维持;高原大地形对形成稳定的高原季风环流圈有重要作用;高原地形高度的作用有利于定常波的形成,波动中心对应强上升运动,形成降水的大值区,稳定维持的定常波使得降水持续集中在同一地区,造成持续性暴雨。  相似文献   

7.
欧亚地形对不同季节大气环流影响的数值模拟研究   总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10  
吴国雄  王军  刘新  刘屹岷 《气象学报》2005,63(5):603-612
利用气候模式F-GOALS的大气谱分量SAMIL,设计了有、无欧亚地形的对比试验。通过分析其高度差异、流场差异、降水差异和温度差异得到欧亚地形对不同季节大气环流影响的特征。结果表明,欧亚地形对大气环流和气候的影响随季节变化而变化,基本可分为冬季型(11月~次年4月),夏季型(6~9月)及转化型(5月,10月),在中高纬高低层呈相当正压结构。冬季型高度差异以35°N和100°E为界,在北面呈西高东低,南面呈西低东高。夏季型在西太平洋地区为北高南低,在大陆上空为上正下负。850 hPa流场差异场的冬季型在西太平洋北/南部为气旋式/反气旋式环流,在大陆上以“青藏高原(TP)偶极流型”为主要特征;夏季的副热带以环绕青藏高原的气旋性环流和西太平洋的反气旋环流为主要特征。地形强迫的冬半年“TP偶极型”加强了冬季西伯利亚冷空气活动,形成了江南的春雨和华南的早汛期降水。地形强迫的夏季流型形成了孟加拉湾-青藏高原中东部的强降水差异,使东亚降水向北伸展,并引起亚洲降水分布的调整。  相似文献   

8.
蒋艳蓉  何金海  温敏  祁莉 《高原气象》2009,28(5):945-954
受高原地形影响, 低层西风气流在高原西侧分支, 从南北两侧绕流, 在高原东侧汇合, 并在南(北)侧形成定常的正(负)涡度带。本文利用NCEP/NCAR提供的1951-2004年再分析资料, 发现这两个涡度带在700 hPa上最明显, 常年存在一正一负两个对称的涡旋(下称“涡旋对”), 且冬, 春季较强。根据各月涡旋对的位置及强度, 本文定义冬, 春季绕流指数为正\, 负涡旋对平均涡度之差, 定量地表征高原绕流作用的强弱, 绕流指数大则高原绕流作用强。结果表明, 1951-2004年中2/3的年份高原绕流作用春季强于冬季, 高原绕流作用不仅是高原大地形的动力作用造成的, 而且受到热力作用的影响。冬季绕流指数以年代际变化为主, 近50年冬季高原绕流作用有显著的增强趋势; 春季绕流指数年代际和年际变化均不明显。冬、 春季, 强高原绕流作用均有利于中高纬冷空气向我国北方输送, 使东北及新疆北部地区气温偏低。春季强高原绕流作用还有利于高原东南侧的暖湿气流向华南及江南地区输送, 使西南、 华南部分地区气温偏高; 偏南暖湿气流和来自中高纬的偏北冷干气流在31°N附近辐合, 有利于江淮地区降水。无论冬\, 春季, 亚洲中纬度西风强度是影响高原绕流作用的重要因子。  相似文献   

9.
刘新  王军  吴国雄 《大气科学》2007,31(3):389-399
利用大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)气候模式F-GOALS的大气谱分量SAMIL,设计了有、无欧亚地形的对比试验,并与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进行比较,通过分析其流场、高度场、温度和涡度的差异,得到欧亚大陆地形对夏季大气环流场日变化的影响特征。结果表明,欧亚大陆地形对大气环流和气候日变化的影响主要集中在青藏高原地区。由于青藏高原上空大气对太阳辐射加热场的日变化最为敏感,随着日间加热场的增强,热力适应造成白天高原低层大气气旋性环流加深,相应地使周边地区向高原辐合增强,引起高原地区日间的上升运动更为强盛,而使大气高层反气旋环流增强,引起高原上空向外辐散气流增强。也就是地形效应在白天增强了高原“感热气泵”的效率,使其产生明显的日变化,随之带来高原及周边地区局地环流强烈的日变化。由于上升运动的日变化,引起高原南部地区降水的日变化,同时降水的增加正反馈于上升运动,使得上升运动在高原南部地区日变化尤为强烈。  相似文献   

10.
正压大气中青藏高原地形影响的数值试验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
本文用不计摩擦和绝热的正压原始方程和Lagrange平流格式试验了青藏高原地形的动力作用,网格距取为1×1经纬度,用双三次样条函数值的高原真实地形作为地形场,分别试验了几种不同的初始场的自然爬绕、绕流和爬坡过程。结果表明:高原地形能使越过高原的气流在其主体及其东侧产生低值系统,而强迫抬升的爬坡运动尤其有直接的作用;在爬坡过程中,低涡的生成受初始场的影响较小,不同的初始场在地形强迫的爬坡过程的动力影响下,最后趋于形成大体上相似的高度场,东亚大槽和印度孟加拉湾低压的生成和维持与高原地形的动力作用有一定关系,低纬东风的存在有利于印度低压的生成和维持。  相似文献   

11.
Based on the observation data and the reanalysis datasets, the variability and the circulation features influencing precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated. Taking into account the effects of topography, surface winds are deconstructed into flow-around and flow-over components relative to the TP. Climatologically, the flow-around component mainly represents cyclonic circulation in the TP during the summer. The transition zone of total precipitation in the summer parallels the convergence belt between the southerlies and the northerlies of the flow-over component. The leading mode of rainfall anomalies in the TP has a meridional dipole structure, and the first principal component (PC1) mainly depicts the variation of rainfall in the southern TP. The wet southern TP experiences strengthened flow-over, which in turn mechanistically favors intensified ascent forced by the flow-over component. In addition, variations in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) have an important role in influencing the flow over the southern TP, and the ISM ultimately impacts the precipitation over southern TP.  相似文献   

12.
霍飞  江志红  刘征宇 《大气科学》2014,38(2):352-362
本文首先利用最大协方差分析方法,探讨青藏高原积雪与中国降水之间的联系,发现中国夏末秋初(8~10月,简称ASO)降水与前期及同期高原积雪有着显著联系,当春夏季青藏高原西部多雪时,其后ASO中国长江及其以南地区多雨,而东部沿海的狭长区域少雨。进一步引入最大响应估计等方法,研究中国区域降水对高原积雪异常的响应及其可能的物理机制,结果表明,冬春季高原多雪异常可持续到夏季,并通过改变地表热力状况,导致ASO南亚高压减弱,同时在高、低空激发出两支波列:高层200 hPa波列沿中高纬西风急流传播,自高原经蒙古到达日本呈现明显的“负—正—负”位势高度异常传播,日本上空为气旋性异常环流;低层850 hPa波列起于高原,经孟加拉湾至中国南海,沿着西南气流传播,导致台湾附近的反气旋性异常环流,其西侧的偏南气流,将南海丰富的水汽输送至中国南部湖南、广西;而高层中心位于日本的气旋性异常环流西侧的偏北气流利于北方天气尺度扰动向南移动,它们为长江中下游及其以南地区多雨提供了有利条件。进一步计算定常波波数也表明,高层西风急流与低层西南季风气流作为波导,有利于高原上空的扰动沿着高、低空2支通道向东传播。由于东部沿海浙江、福建为正位势高度异常区,低层反气旋性异常环流则抑制了该区域的降水。  相似文献   

13.
中间层顶区域大气平均风场年和半年振荡的全球结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用2003~2011年TIDI(TIMED Doppler Interferometer)风场观测数据研究了中间层顶区域80~105 km纬向平均风场年振荡和半年振荡振幅和相位的全球分布结构,并给出了它们的年际变化。在热带地区,纬向风半年振荡最显著。振幅峰值中心位于南半球10°S~20°S范围,出现与平流层半年振荡类似的相对于赤道不对称的分布,并且振幅峰值与以前在该区域的研究结果存在较大差别。在中高纬度地区,纬向风和经向风被年振荡所控制。纬向风在高度100 km以下中高纬度都存在振幅大值中心;经向风年振荡只出现在两半球中纬度高度95 km以下,并且南北半球振幅峰值中心分布不一致。分析结果还显示年振荡和半年振荡振幅存在显著地年际变化,相位的年际变化则较小,但北半球热带地区经向风年振荡振幅和相位表现出2年周期的变化。  相似文献   

14.
The propagation of wave packets and its relationship with the subtropical jet was investigated for the period 26-29 January 2008 over southern China using ECMWF Interim re-analysis data.Wave packets propagated from the north to the south side of an upper front with eastward development along the upper front during this period.Due to the eastward development of propagation,the acceleration of geostrophic westerly winds shifted eastward along the front.There were two primary sources of the propagation of wave packets at around 30 N.The first was the temperature inversion layer below 500 hPa,and the second was baroclinic zones located along the polarward flank of the subtropical jet in the middle and upper troposphere.Most wave packets propagated horizontally from the baroclinic zones and then converged on the zero meridional gradients of zonal winds.  相似文献   

15.
采用1983—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国660站降水资料,对我国东部季风湿润区夏季水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:20世纪80—90年代夏季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的年代际变化增加趋势,与降水时间序列的相关系数为0.71;水汽收支高值、低值年代不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚夏季风的强弱和降水异常变化。合成的水汽输送年代际异常在东亚—西太平洋区表现为4个异常环流,异常水汽通量辐合区位于长江流域及以南地区。水汽收支高值年代,亚洲大陆高纬度地区低压偏弱,大陆表面温度及西太平洋海温偏高,我国东部沿海盛行异常偏南风,低层气流辐合、高层气流辐散强,垂直上升运动强烈;低值年代则相反。合成的经向水汽收支占总收支的71.3%,合成的异常降水量最大达100 mm以上。  相似文献   

16.
东亚地区低频振荡的经向传播及中纬度的低频波动   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
何金海  杨松 《气象学报》1992,50(2):190-198
本文利用1981年6—9月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)网格点资料分析了东亚地区低频(准40天)振荡的传播特性与结构特征,发现在120°E经度上的高空(低空)副热带地区有一个低频纬向风(经向风)经向传播的分离带(汇合带),指出中纬度低频纬向风振荡是准地转的,且高低空振荡同位相。同时揭示出:亚洲地区中纬度(35°N)高空低频纬向风的向东传播是波长为60—90个经度、移速为1.5—2.0个经度/d的中纬度低频波动东移的结果。这种低频涡旋移至东亚沿海地区常会发展,这种发展可能与急流中心附近正压不稳定能量的供给有关。  相似文献   

17.
Detailed spatiotemporal structures for the submonthly-scale (7–25 days) intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in summer monsoon rainfall and atmospheric circulation were investigated in South Asia using high-quality rainfall and reanalysis datasets. The Meghalaya–Bangladesh–coast of the western Myanmar (MBWM) region is the predominant area of submonthly-scale ISO in the Asian monsoon regions. The distinct rainfall ISO is caused by a remarkable alternation of low-level zonal wind between westerly and easterly flows around the Gangetic Plain on the same timescales. In the active ISO phase of the MBWM, a strong low-level westerly/southwesterly flows around the plain and a center of cyclonic vorticity appears over Bangladesh. Hence, a local southerly flows toward the Meghalaya Plateau and there is strong southwesterly flow towards the coast along southeastern Bangladesh and western Myanmar, resulting in an increase in orographic rainfall. Rainfall also increases over the lowland area of the MBWM due to the low-level convergence in the boundary layer under the strong cyclonic circulation. The submonthly-scale low-level wind fluctuation around the MBWM is caused by a westward moving n = 1 equatorial Rossby (ER) wave. When the anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly related to the ER wave approaches the Bay of Bengal from the western Pacific, humid westerly/southwesterly (easterly/southeasterly) flows enhance around the Gangetic Plain on the northern fringe of the anticyclone (cyclone) and in turn promote (reduce) rainfall in the MBWM. Simultaneously, robust circulation signals are observed over the mid-latitudes. In the active phase, cyclonic anomalies appear over and around the TP, having barotropic vertical structure and also contributing to the enhancement of low-level westerly flow around the Gangetic Plain. In the upper troposphere, an anticyclonic anomaly is also observed upstream of the cyclonic anomaly over the TP, having wavetrain structure. The mid-latitude circulation around the TP likely helps to induce the distinct ISO there in conjunction with the equatorial waves. Thus, the distinct ISO in the MBWM is strongly enhanced locally (~500 km) by the terrain features, although the atmospheric circulation causing the ISO has a horizontal scale of ~6,000 km or more, extending across the whole Asian monsoon system from the tropics to mid-latitudes.  相似文献   

18.
Based on June to September 1981 ECMWF grid datasets analysis is done of the characteristics of thepropagation and structure of low-frequency(quasi 40 day) oscillation over eastern Asia. Results show aseparating(confluence) belt for the meridional propagation of low-frequency zonal(meridional) winds at higher(lower) levels over subtropical latitudes at 120°E, revealing that the oscillation of the zonal winds is quasi-geostrophic in pature and in phase in the high- and low-level. It is also found that the eastward propagationof the high-level zonal winds around 35°N in East Asia is the result of eastward march of midlatitude low-frequency waves with 60-90 longitude wavelength and speed of 1.5-2.0 longitudes per day. In addition, suchlow-frequency vortices, when moving over the coastwise region, tend to develop, accompanied by sharp oscil-lation in the westerly jetstream over eastern Asia.  相似文献   

19.
The temporal clustering of the western North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis and its modulation by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) during the 1991 summer were examined based on the tropical cyclone best track, outgoing longwave radiation, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets. The wavelet analysis shows that convective activities around the monsoon trough in the western North Pacific possessed a distinct MJO with a period of 20–60 days. Two or more tropical cyclones were observed to form successively during each active phase of the MJO, and tropical cyclones tended to generate around the southeastern part of the maximum vorticity of the low-frequency cyclonic circulation during the developing and peak stages of the active MJO phase. But tropical cyclogenesis scarcely occurred during inactive MJO phases. Thus the MJO was a major agent in modulating repeated development of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific during the 1991 summer. The MJO in circulation was characterized by a huge anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) in the lower troposphere existing alternately over the western North Pacific, leading to an enhanced (weakened) monsoon trough. An examination of the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity associated with the zonal flow indicates that the zonal flow in the monsoon trough region satisfied the necessary conditions for barotropic instability, with both zonal flow and the meridional gradient of absolute vorticity varying on the similar MJO timescale. The intraseasonal oscillation of such an unstable zonal flow might thus be an important mechanism for temporal clustering of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. The barotropic conversion could provide a major energy source for the formation and growth of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific during active MJO phases, with the eddy kinetic energy generation being dominated by both terms of eddies interacting with zonal and meridional gradients of the basic zonal flow.  相似文献   

20.
Qin  Chi  Li  Tim  Liu  Jia  Bi  Mingyu 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3889-3898

Linear and nonlinear barotropic vorticity model frameworks are constructed to understand the formation of the monsoon trough in boreal summer over the western North Pacific. The governing equation is written with respect to specified zonal background flows, and a wave perturbation is prescribed in the eastern boundary. Whereas a uniform background mean flow leads no scale contraction, a confluent background zonal flow causes the contraction of zonal wavelength. Under linear dynamics, the wave contraction leads to the development of smaller scale vorticity perturbations. As a result, there is no upscale cascade. Under nonlinear dynamics, cyclonic (anticyclonic) wave disturbances shift northward (southward) away from the central latitude due to the vorticity segregation process. The merging of small-scale cyclonic and anticyclonic perturbations finally leads to the generation of a pair of large-scale cyclonic and anti-cyclonic vorticity gyres, straddling across the central latitude. The large-scale cyclonic circulation due to nonlinear upscale cascade can be further strengthened through a positive convection-circulation feedback.

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