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1.
当前断层相关褶皱研究的发展方向是从二维向三维的转换。文中基于Arcgis、Discovery以及Gocad等三维软件平台,对川西盐井沟地区地震资料进行精细的解析,得出盐井沟背斜是一个典型的三剪断层传播褶皱,并建立了它的三维模型。同时考虑到单纯符合几何约束的构造解释普遍存在着多解性和不确定性,结合几何学的三维建模和动力学的有限应变分析研究断层相关褶皱。在川西盐井沟地区18个采样点钻取了184块定向岩心样品,通过磁组构的分析结果发现,盐井沟地区的磁组构基本上都是弱应变的初始变形组构,褶皱前翼应变强度比后翼略强。断层传播褶皱三剪带是有限应变最为集中的区域,在模型预测的三剪带内,磁组构反映的有限应变也较为强烈。磁组构所指示的构造应力场大致为NW-SE向挤压缩短,与断层相关褶皱的几何学与运动学模型的预测相一致。 相似文献
2.
断层相关褶皱的三维构造几何学分析:以川西三维地震工区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现有的断层相关褶皱理论均基于平衡剖面原理而建立的二维几何学模型。所谓的假三维模型则是通过一系列的二维剖面复合而成的,真正意义上的三维断层相关褶皱理论尚未确立,仍然处于探索阶段。本文采用Trishear 4.0和GoCad软件,分别构建一系列不同位移量的断层转折褶皱和三剪断层传播褶皱的二维正演剖面,将这些正演剖面按照一定的线性位移梯度平行排列,从而建立起断层转折褶皱和三剪断层传播褶皱的假三维理论模型并加以分析和讨论。进而选取川西南盆地中三维地震勘探所覆盖的邛西断层转折褶皱和盐井沟断层传播褶皱,作为真三维实际解释模型的两个实例。研究表明,邛西背斜是一个典型的剪切断层转折褶皱,盐井沟背斜是一个典型的三剪断层传播褶皱;断层相关褶皱的假三维理论模型与实际解释模型的对比分析,可以看出沿背斜走向的位移梯度是控制三维构造几何学特征的基本因素,然而自然界断层面几何学的复杂多变以及岩层力学性质的各向异性,是造成断层相关褶皱真三维理论模型难以建立的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
龙门山飞仙关断层传播褶皱磁组构特征及构造意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沿龙门山南段冲断前锋带飞仙关断层传播褶铍剖面钻取了270个磁组构定向岩芯样品,对其进行了磁性矿物与磁组构分析。通过等温剩磁和三轴热退磁实验确定了样品中的主要载磁矿物为赤铁矿。磁组构测试结果显示27个采样点的磁组构为中间组构与构造组构两种类型。通过对各点磁组构特征及各项磁组构参数进行详细分析,再结合断层传播褶皱运动学模型,得出断层传播褶皱形成过程中岩石应变及磁组构演化：断层扩展前的平行层缩短作用把原始的沉积组构改造成为中问组构;在断层扩展过程中,两翼地层的旋转抬升产生的简单剪切作用对地层磁化率各向异性产生影响,使得校正的磁化率各向异性度Pj值局部升高,以及在剪切变形强烈的区域形成构造磁组构。 相似文献
4.
川西北磁组构演化及其揭示的应变特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
对龙门山褶皱冲断带北段前锋带至四川盆地边缘的川西北地区进行了磁组构研究.在江油和广元之间,沿着垂直于龙门山构造走向的4条采样路线,在18个采样点钻取了173个定向样品,样品采自侏罗纪和白垩纪砂岩及粉砂质泥岩.综合分析表明川西北磁组构反映的是新生代的变形,并在研究区域内总结出了3类磁组构:沉积磁组构、初始变形磁组构和铅笔状磁组构.除沉积磁组构之外的所有采样点样品的K1优势方向都是NE-SW向,说明研究区域的最大主压应力方向为NW-SE向,主要来源于龙门山褶皱冲断带.在垂直于龙门山褶皱冲断带构造走向上,从四川盆地到龙门山前锋,磁组构由沉积磁组构逐渐变为初始变形磁组构,直至铅笔状磁组构,说明盆地内部应变十分微弱,靠近造山带应变逐渐增强,且侏罗纪、白垩纪以来研究区的构造变形主要集中在造山带边缘或者还未传递到盆地内部. 相似文献
5.
龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱磁组构及其有限应变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙门山南段位于四川盆地以西,其新生代构造变形特征对于认识青藏高原东缘的变形机制具有一定的指示意义。磁组构是一种灵敏的应变指示计,在变形微弱的沉积岩地区尤为适用。在龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱不同构造部位选取48个采样点开展磁组构研究,分析断层转折褶皱的有限应变特征及区域构造变形机制。实验结果表明,邛西地区上白垩统中主要载磁矿物为高矫顽力的赤铁矿,背斜整体应变较弱,且存在3种类型的磁组构,以沉积磁组构和初始变形磁组构为主,铅笔状磁组构少见,主要存在于靠近褶皱中段的前翼部位,说明断层转折褶皱前翼较后翼和核部应变强,且中段地层应变较其他部位更为强烈。此外,各采样点磁线理的优势方位为近南北向(N10°E),表明邛西断层转折褶皱的形成与龙门山南段晚新生代近东西向的地壳水平缩短有关,暗示龙门山南段的最大主压应力方向在晚新生代存在转变的可能。 相似文献
6.
龙门山南段位于四川盆地以西,其新生代构造变形特征对于认识青藏高原东缘的变形机制具有一定的指示意义。磁组构是一种灵敏的应变指示计,在变形微弱的沉积岩地区尤为适用。在龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱不同构造部位选取48个采样点开展磁组构研究,分析断层转折褶皱的有限应变特征及区域构造变形机制。实验结果表明,邛西地区上白垩统中主要载磁矿物为高矫顽力的赤铁矿,背斜整体应变较弱,且存在3种类型的磁组构,以沉积磁组构和初始变形磁组构为主,铅笔状磁组构少见,主要存在于靠近褶皱中段的前翼部位,说明断层转折褶皱前翼较后翼和核部应变强,且中段地层应变较其他部位更为强烈。此外,各采样点磁线理的优势方位为近南北向（N10°E）,表明邛西断层转折褶皱的形成与龙门山南段晚新生代近东西向的地壳水平缩短有关,暗示龙门山南段的最大主压应力方向在晚新生代存在转变的可能。 相似文献
7.
龙门山冲断带北段前锋带新生代构造变形 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
龙门山北段前锋构造的地震剖面解释和前缘盆地内沉积地层的磁组构研究表明前锋构造中发育两期构造挤压作用,即整体强烈的晚三叠世变形和由北向南逐渐减弱的弱新生代构造变形。受这两期构造挤压作用的控制,龙门山北段前锋构造中发育上、下两套构造层,地表构造为晚三叠世时期形成,而深部隐伏构造则形成于新生代。北部的矿山梁和天井山构造几何学上表现为一个双重构造,浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层是新生代形成的多个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜;南部的青林口和中坝构造主体表现为叠瓦状逆冲,前锋构造是断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱。新生代构造冲断位移量以及造成早期构造抬升由北向南逐渐减小,反映新生代变形强度由北向南的减弱。磁组构研究表明新生代变形从龙门山冲断带边缘到盆地内部,磁组构从铅笔状磁组构到初始变形磁组构并逐渐过渡到沉积磁组构。由南向北磁组构由初始变形磁组构转变为铅笔状磁组构,说明应变越来越强,从而进一步证明了龙门山前锋新生代构造的弱变形作用和变形强度的北强南弱分布特征。 相似文献
8.
玛东褶皱-冲断带是世界上保存最好的早古生代褶皱冲断带之一,也是塔里木油气勘探的重点区域之一。褶皱-冲
断带浅部构造由于遭受强烈剥蚀,为玛东褶皱-冲断带的构造样式和变形机制研究带来巨大的挑战。断层相关褶皱理论定
量化建立了断层形态和褶皱形态几何学和运动学的关系,是一种有效的利用断层形态来推测褶皱形态的方法,为恢复玛东
地区被剥蚀区域的构造形态提供了可能。文中详细介绍了断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱的几何学和运动学特征,并将其应
用于玛东地区的典型构造中,建立2 种玛东地区构造变形模式。最后结合工业地震剖面和钻井资料,认为玛东地区的主要
构造样式是断层转折褶皱, 并分析了构造样式对油气圈闭的影响。 相似文献
9.
南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
笔者利用库车秋里塔格地区3000km的二维地震反射资料，结合地表构造测量成果，分段叙述秋里塔格褶皱带的构造几何学和运动学性质，说明构造交汇部位断层和褶皱的叠加过渡关系，并通过二维构造剖面的组合，建立秋里塔格褶皱带的三维构造几何模型。研究发现秋里塔格褶皱带为浅部断层传播褶皱与深部断层转折褶皱叠加形成的复合型背斜带，深部台阶状逆断层的叠加作用、叠加断层位移量的转换、断层断坡高度的变化造成地表背斜沿走向发生变化，笔者通过测量断层叠加方式、断层位移量转换、断层断坡高度，说明秋里塔格褶皱带背斜叠加、扭曲、分叉现象的构造机理，并且给出了秋里塔格褶皱带断层的滑移量。 相似文献
10.
油气储层中构造裂缝发育与有限应变状态关系密切,为了探索有限应变分析与构造裂缝预测的新技术方法,此次研究设计完成了一组单侧挤压收敛模型的物理模拟实验,并引入粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术对实验过程进行了定量化分析。实验模型在垂向上为含粘性层的多层结构,实验结果形成了一个肉眼可见的箱状褶皱。通过PIV技术可以获取实验模型变形演化过程中各阶段的位移场数据,计算出各阶段的增量应变,实现从初始状态到褶皱形成之后整个变形过程的有限应变分析,探讨构造裂缝成因机制和分布规律,进行定量化裂缝预测。挤压变形过程初期,应变分布范围很广,有限应变较弱(约4%~8%),在挤压方向上的线应变表现为弱压应变,在垂向上的线应变表现为弱张应变,这种现象是褶皱和断层产生前平行层缩短和层增厚的纯剪变形结果,也是区域型张裂缝和剪裂缝形成的主要机制。褶皱和断层即将发育之时至发育之后,应变局限在断层发育的剪切带及附近区域,有限应变表现为较强(达20%)的剪切应变和剪切张应变,是断层面附近简单剪切变形作用的结果,也是局部型剪裂缝和张剪裂缝形成的主要机制。 相似文献
11.
We examine the development of the Yanjinggou anticline, a fault-propagation-fold in the southern Longmen Shan, through an integrated study of structural geometry, strain, and paleomagnetism. The 3-D structural and strain restoration models generated in our analysis reveal that the NE-trending Yanjinggou fold has a curved map trace that is convex to the southeast. The fold has three distinct regions characterized by different strain patterns: contraction in the core of the fold, extension in the outer arc, and a forelimb with distributed shear. To further understand the kinematics of the Yanjinggou anticline, we performed paleomagnetic analysis on 184 oriented samples collected across the structure. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements and stepwise thermal demagnetization were conducted. A strike test was applied to the high temperature component (HTC) in order to identify rotation around the arc. The result indicates that the Yanjinggou anticline is a progressive arc, with a minor initial curvature and a dominant secondary curvature related to vertical-axis rotation synchronous with thrusting. The primary curvature and initial development of the structure correlates with the growth of the southern Longmen Shan in Late Miocene. The secondary curvature correlates with displacement extending since Late Pleistocene toward the southeast into the central basin along the detachments that underlie the structure. Lateral gradients in displacement along this underlying detachment provide a mechanism for producing the vertical rotation of the anticline. AMS results and historical earthquake analysis imply that the fault-propagation fold, along with other NE trending structures in the southern Sichuan basin, are tectonically active and accommodate east-west crustal shortening in the basin. By integrating 3-D structural and strain restoration modeling with systematic AMS and paleomagnetic methods using statistical analysis, we closely constrain how the Yanjinggou anticline developed, and provide insights into the formation of fault-related folds with curved shapes in map view, which are common in other fold-and-thrust belts around the world. 相似文献
12.
Nestor Cardozo Christopher A.-L. Jackson Paul S. Whipp 《Journal of Structural Geology》2011,33(6):1063-1078
We show the application of a simulated annealing algorithm to trishear inverse modeling. The algorithm traverses the parameter space in search for best-fit models without being trapped in local minima, and thus sampling for more possible solutions globally. Simulated annealing is a robust and efficient technique to determine the uniqueness of best-fit trishear models; the spread of possible trishear models that can fit a structure. We first apply the algorithm to a decameter-size, contractional fault-propagation fold in west-central Taiwan, for which there is an exceptional exposure of pre-growth and growth strata. Simulated annealing shows that even for this complete fold dataset with low uncertainties, there is a range of models and fault slip/uplift histories that can fit the data, with the consequent implications for the assessment of seismic hazard. We then apply the algorithm to a kilometer-size, extensional fault-propagation fold, the Hadahid monocline, Gulf of Suez Rift, Egypt. In this monocline there is only surface coverage in the footwall anticline areas and the algorithm was used to delimit the range of possible models that can fit the data and their uncertainties, thus avoiding biases in the interpretation. Simulated annealing suggests that the along-strike structural variability of the monocline can result from along-strike variability in fault slip, fault propagation to fault slip ratio and depth of fault nucleation. Both examples illustrate the benefits of searching for a possible range of models rather than a precise best-fit model when modeling fault-propagation folds. In an attempt to understand which parameters control fault development, and also how the spread of possible solutions varies with fold growth, we apply the algorithm to four sequential stages of a published, analog clay model of an extensional forced fold. The inversions of the natural examples and the analog model suggest that the spread of the possible models is a manifestation of the data uncertainties, the suitability of the trishear model, fold evolution, and rock mechanical properties. 相似文献
13.
独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段,是北天山逆冲推覆带在前陆盆地山前形成的断层相关褶皱。本文以横跨背斜的过井地震剖面为蓝本,用钻井数据、相邻地震剖面和地表形态为约束,运用断层相关褶皱模型对独山子背斜进行几何学定量分析,以建立合理的与实际接近的构造模型; 提取构造特征参数进行基于Trishear模型的运动学定量模拟,选取与实际数据吻合度最高的构造形态为独山子背斜的最佳几何模型。模拟数据表明:独山子背斜为前翼呈三角剪切的断层传播褶皱; 背斜变形从喜马拉雅山晚期更新统(Q1-3)沉积期间开始形成并生长,平均推覆速率为0.18 mm/a; 全新统沉积期间(Q4)推覆活动强度达到最大值,平均推覆速率为 4.64 mm/a。形成独山子背斜所需的总推覆位移量为5 600 m左右,第四纪期间的平均推覆速率约为0.19 mm/a。 相似文献
14.
Fault-propagation folding associated with an upward propagating fault in the Gilbertown graben system is revealed by well-based 3-D subsurface mapping and dipmeter analysis. The fold is developed in the Selma chalk, which is an oil reservoir along the southern margin of the graben. Area-depth-strain analysis suggests that the Cretaceous strata were growth units, the Jurassic strata were pregrowth units, and the graben system is detached in the Louann Salt.The growth trishear model has been applied in this paper to study the evolution and kinematics of extensional fault-propagation folding. Models indicate that the propagation to slip (p/s) ratio of the underlying fault plays an important role in governing the geometry of the resulting extensional fault-propagation fold. With a greater p/s ratio, the fold is more localized in the vicinity of the propagating fault. The extensional fault-propagation fold in the Gilbertown graben is modeled by both a compactional and a non-compactional growth trishear model. Both models predict a similar geometry of the extensional fault-propagation fold. The trishear model with compaction best predicts the fold geometry. 相似文献
15.
Christian Brandes Daniel Paul Le Heron 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(3):270-280
Fault-propagation folding is an important yet seldom recognised structural style within sediments affected by glacier-induced deformation. Fault-propagation folds develop in the hanging wall of low angle thrust faults and compensate part of the slip along the fault. Field examples are recognised across northern Europe, in glaciotectonic complexes of north Germany, Wales and the Isle of Man. The recognition of the fault-propagation fold mechanism in glaciotectonic deformation is important because resultant structures are related to exactly the same phase of deformation (i.e. the same phase of ice advance), and thus play a critical role in analyses of the temporal and spatial evolution of glacier-induced deformation. Some field examples show monoclinal geometries that are in good agreement with predictions of trishear kinematic theory. The trishear approach is appropriate to model these structures because the structures analysed in the field and simulated below show characteristics that are compatible with fault-propagation folds that were produced by trishear kinematics. The curved forelimb and the monocline geometry of the fault-propagation folds fit to the trishear model. The occurrence of footwall synclines is also in good agreement with trishear kinematics. These synclines show the typical thickening of the strata in the hinge. With respect to the modelling output, most important factors for the structural evolution of the fault-propagation folds is the ramp angle of the thrust, the position of the tip line and the propagation-to-slip ratio along the fault. This fits to observations made by previous studies at large scale fault-propagation folds in fold-and-thrust belts. 相似文献
16.
柴达木盆地西部狮子沟一带新生代沉积岩磁组构分析结果显示, 岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状的特点; 磁化率各向异性度P值不大, 反映总体构造变形相对较弱。岩石磁组构反映的应力状态总体为以NE向挤压为主, 与轴向NW的背斜构造发育相一致。该区岩石磁组构大多具有原始沉积磁组构特征, 磁面理产状大体上反映沉积岩层的层理, 同时也记录了受NE向挤压作用的痕迹。根据岩石磁组构与地层层理之间的关系分析, 柴西地区两翼不对称的狮子沟背斜具有断展褶皱性质, 其形成与下部的花土沟逆冲断层向南西方向的仰冲有关。 相似文献