Influence of the White Sea on tides in adjacent marginal seas of the North European Basin     

B. A. Kagan  E. V. Sofina  E. H. A. Rashidi 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(1):97-112

An investigation into the interaction of surface M ₂ tides in the system of marginal seas of the North European Basin is carried out using the three-dimensional finite-element hydrostatic model QUODDY-4. Three numerical experiments are performed for this purpose. In the first (control), the model equations are solved in the system of the Norwegian, Greenland, Barents, and White seas; thereby the interaction of the tides in these seas is explicitly taken into account. In the second experiment, the White Sea is excluded from consideration and the no-flux condition is posed at the entrance to the sea. The third experiment uses an approach in which the observed tidal elevations that determine the existence of a finite horizontal transport of barotropic energy to the White Sea are specified at the open boundary of the White Sea. It is shown that changes in tidal dynamics represented by changes in the amplitudes and phases of tidal elevations and in the barotropic tidal velocity ellipse parameters are within the model noise in experiments 2 and 3 when compared with the control experiment. On the contrary, changes in energy characteristics (the horizontal wave transport, density, and dissipation rate of barotropic tidal energy) are equal to or greater (in order of magnitude) than the energy characteristics themselves.  相似文献   

Effect of ice cover on the dynamics and energetics of surface and internal tides in the white sea: Model estimates     

B. A. Kagan  A. A. Timofeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(2):236-247

The effect of ice cover on the dynamics and energetics of surface and internal tides in the White Sea is investigated using the three-dimensional finite-element hudrothermodynamic model QUODDY-4. The sea ice is represented as a continuous and motionless ice cover that can move vertically but not horizontally. It is assumed that the resulting changes in the tidal regime are the maximum possible in reference to those occurring in real conditions when, in the cold season, a continuous and motionless ice cover is ubiquitous only in Kandalaksha, Dvina, and Onega bays, while drift ices prevail in all other areas of the White Sea. It is shown that the effect of sea ice does not lead to a qualitative restructuring of the tidal regime. However, its quantitative changes prove to be significant, which indicates that the ice-induced seasonal variation in tidal characteristics in the White Sea is important.  相似文献   

Effect of the nonlinear interaction of tidal harmonics on their spatial structure as applied to the system of the white and Barents Seas     

B. A. Kagan  D. A. Romanenkov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(5):655-662

Using the three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element thermohydrodynamic model QUODDY-4, we obtain two solutions giving an idea of the role of the nonlinear interaction of tidal harmonics in the formation of their spatial structure. The first solution is induced by the total tide (M ₂ + S ₂ + K ₁ + O ₁) at the open boundary and by the total static tide inside the area under consideration; then, the solution obtained is subject to harmonic analysis. The second solution is obtained by specifying such tidal sea level elevations at the open boundary that meet individual tidal harmonics. These two solutions are compared. It is shown that the differences between the solutions for the S ₂, K ₁, and O ₁ waves can be significant, especially near the open boundary between the White and Barents seas. This conclusion remains valid also for the maximum velocities (major semiaxes of the ellipses) of the barotropic (depth-average) tidal current as well as for the average (over the tidal cycle) densities of the total tidal energy and components of the tidal-energy budget. The emergence of this feature indicates that there are resonance modes with frequencies that differ from those of the S ₂, K ₁, and O ₁ harmonics to a lesser extent than the M ₂ harmonic frequency. The same conclusion can be made by comparing the values of the amplification factor, which is defined as the ratio between the actual and static tides, for the system of the Barents and White seas as a whole and for Mezen Bay in the White Sea and Czech Bay in the Barents Sea, taken separately.  相似文献   

南海北部陆架陆坡区海流观测研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何琦  魏泽勋  王永刚 《海洋学报》2012,34(1):17-28

针对2006-2009年期间,南海北部陆架陆坡区3个站ADCP海流连续观测资料,采用功率谱分析、潮流调和分析方法,重点分析了陆架陆坡区100 m,200 m和1 200 m水深海域海流的垂向结构,探讨了环流的季节变化和空间分布特征,特别讨论了南海暖流和北陆坡流的时空变化特征。结果表明,陆架陆坡区潮流类型属于不规则日潮,深水站点中层表现为正规全日潮类型,垂向为"三层结构",甚至更加复杂。O₁,K₁,M₂,S₂等分潮总体上为顺时针旋转,在深水站点,基本表现为西北－东南走向的往复流形态。从能量角度看,表层和底层海流中,潮流所占份额较大,分别占30%~40%和40%~50%,中层较小,约为20%。对东沙群岛西南陆架陆坡区环流,观测计算结果证实了西向强流的存在,且垂向结构具有显著的季节变化,在200 m水深处没有明显的南海暖流,只是10~30 m以上层次存在逆风海流。海南岛以东海域连续15个月表层环流的结果表明,冬季明显受到南海暖流的影响,存在东北向的逆风海流,夏秋季的环流表现为西南向,流速较强,夏季也存在逆风情况,造成上述情形的原因可能是该地南海暖流的流轴具有季节性变化——冬季偏南,夏季偏北。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional numerical model study of the residual current in the South China Sea     

《Oceanologica Acta》2003,26(5-6):597-607

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model is employed to simulate the tidal and non-tidal residual current in the South China Sea. The four most significant constituents, M₂, S₂, K₁ and O₁, are included in the experiments with tidal effect. At most stations, the computed harmonic constants agree well with the observed ones. The circulations of the South China Sea in summer (August) and winter (December) are mainly discussed. It is shown that the barotropic tidal residual current is too weak to affect the South China Sea circulation, whilst the contribution of the baroclinic tidal residual current to the South China Sea circulation would be important in the continental shelf sea areas, especially in the Gulf of Thailand and Gulf of Tonkin. In the deep-sea areas, the upper barotropic or baroclinic tidal residual current is relatively very weak, however, the speed order of the deep baroclinic tidal residual current can be the same as that of the mean current without tidal effect. Moreover, the baroclinic tidal residual current seems to be related to the different seasonal stratification of ocean.  相似文献   

Simulation of surface and internal semidiurnal tides in the Kara Sea     

B. A. Kagan  A. A. Timofeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(2):233-241

The problem of the dynamics of surface and internal waves M ₂ in the Kara Sea is solved within the QUODDY-4 3D finite-element hydrostatic model. It is shown that the conventional concept of surface-tide wave generation due to the interaction of two tidal waves (one arrives from the Barents Sea and the other is generated in the Arctic Ocean (AO) and propagates southward along the west coasts of Severnaya Zemlya) is only partially valid: the east branch of the tidal wave generated in the AO actually exists, but there is also a west branch that propagates along the St. Anna trough and another tidal wave that penetrates in the Kara Sea from the Laptev Sea through the Vilkitsky Strait. Simulated spatial distributions of the tidal velocities, amplitudes of internal tidal waves at the pycnocline depth, and some components of the budgets of barotropic and baroclinic tidal energy are discussed.  相似文献   

The influence of long tides on ecosystem dynamics in the Barents Sea     

Harald Yndestad   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(21-22):2108

The Barents Sea ecosystem has been associated with large biomass fluctuations. If there is a hidden deterministic process behind the Barents Sea ecosystem, we may forecast the biomass in order to control it. This presentation concludes, for the first time, investigations of a long data series from North Atlantic water and the Barents Sea ecosystem. The analysis is based on a wavelet spectrum analysis from the data series of annual mean Atlantic sea level, North Atlantic water temperature, the Kola section water temperature, and species from the Barents Sea ecosystem.The investigation has identified dominant fluctuations correlated with the 9.3-yr phase tide, the 18.6-yr amplitude tide, and a 74-yr superharmonic cycle in the North Atlantic water, Barents Sea water, and Arctic data series. The correlation between the tidal cycles and dominant Barents Sea ecosystem cycles is estimated to be R=0.6 or better. The long-term mean fluctuations correlate with the 74-yr superharmonic cycle. The wavelets analysis shows that the long-term 74-yr cycle may introduce a phase reversal in the identified 18-yr periods of temperature and salinity. The present analysis suggests that forced vertical and horizontal nodal tides influence the ocean's thermohaline circulation, and that they behave as a coupled non-linear oscillation system.The Barents Sea ecosystem analysis shows that the biomass life cycle and the long-term fluctuations correlate better than R=0.5 to the lunar nodal tide spectrum. Barents Sea capelin has a life cycle related to a third harmonic of the 9.3-yr tide. The life cycles of shrimp, cod, herring, and haddock are related to a third harmonic of the 18.6-yr tide. Biomass growth was synchronized to the lunar nodal tide. The biomass growth of zooplankton and shrimp correlates with the current aspect of lunar nodal tidal inflow to the Barents Sea. The long-term biomass fluctuation of cod and herring is correlated with a cycle period of about 3×18.6=55.8 yr. This analysis suggests that we may understand the Barents Sea ecosystem dynamic as a free-coupled oscillating system to the forced lunar nodal tides. This free-coupled oscillating system has a resonance related to the oscillating long tides and the third harmonic and superharmonic cycles.  相似文献   

Model estimates for the interaction of wind waves and tides in the Pechora Basin-White Sea subsystem     

B. A. Kagan  D. A. Romanenkov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(3):375-385

The “weak-interaction” approximation is used to investigate the role of wind waves in tidal dynamics. The resulting expression for the drag coefficient in the wave-affected tidal flow is incorporated into the QUODDY-4 three-dimensional finite-element hydrothermodynamic model, and the thus modified model is used to calculate the K ₁ diurnal tide in the Pechora Basin-White Sea subsystem. It is shown that, depending on a combination of local and nonlocal factors, wind waves can cause opposite variations in the amplitudes and phases of tidal oscillations of the level. Local factors control variations in the tidal regime nearly in the entire water area of the subsystem under consideration, apart from the eastern part of the Pechora Basin, the outlet from the White Sea Throat, and Dvina Bay. In the aforementioned areas, the tidal regime changes are due either to the displacement of the nearest amphidromy or to other nonlocal factors resulting from the reorganization of the fields of tidal characteristics. It is also shown that the variations in tidal characteristics induced by wind waves vary within a fairly wide range and that allowance for the interaction of wind waves and tides improves the agreement between calculated and observed values of the amplitudes and phases of tidal oscillations of the level.  相似文献   

A study of long-period sea level changes in the China Sea areas   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zheng Zenzhen  Zhao Xucai 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):299-306

The paper describes the seasonal and interannual changes in sea level in the China Sea. The six long-period tidal constituents (Sa, Ssa, Mm, Mf, MSf and M_N) which are closely related to sea level changes have been analyzed, and the distributions of these constituents are also discussed in this paper. The results show that the harmonic constants of Sa and Ssa determined from observations may be predominated by meteorological factors and Sa is the greatest among all the longperiod constituents. The amplitude of M_N is about 3 cm.  相似文献   

基于长期观测的辽东湾口东部海域水动力特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵骞  王梦佳  丁德文  陈伟斌 《海洋学报》2016,38(1):20-30

辽东湾口东部海域是辽东湾与渤海中部进行物质和能量交换的主要通道之一。本文利用坐底式海床基平台获取的近8个月的水动力连续观测资料,通过谱分析和调和分析方法对该海域的潮汐、潮流特征进行分析,并讨论了余流及底层温度的季节变化规律。研究结果表明:该海域潮汐属于不规则半日潮,平均潮差为0.95 m,最大可能潮差为2.27 m。潮流属于不规则半日潮流,M₂分潮流为其优势分潮流。主要分潮流运动形式为往复流,最大流速方向为西南-东北向。余流的季节性特征较为明显:秋季,余流流速在中层达到最大,流向以西南向为主;冬季,余流流速垂向变化较小,并呈西南偏西向流动;春季,流速随深度增加而减小,流向从表层至底层呈现逆时针旋转的特征。受底层潮流、水平温度梯度及海面温度日变化的影响,底层温度表现出短期的高频变化特征:秋季,短期振荡以半日周期信号为主;冬季,全日周期信号较为显著;春季,短期振荡的现象较弱。  相似文献   

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Heat Fluxes in the Barents Sea Region     

I. L. Bashmachnikov  A. Yu. Yurova  L. P. Bobylev  A. V. Vesman 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2018,54(2):213-222

Seasonal and interannual variations in adjective heat fluxes in the ocean (dQ_oc) and the convergence of advective heat fluxes in the atmosphere (dQ_atm) in the Barents Sea region have been investigated over the period of 1993–2012 using the results of the MIT regional eddy-permitting model and ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis. Wavelet analysis and singular spectrum analysis are used to reveal concealed periodicities. Seasonal 2- to 4- and 5- to 8-year cycles are revealed in the dQ_oc and dQ_atm data. It is also found that seasonal variations in dQ_oc are primarily determined by the integrated volume fluxes through the western boundary of the Barents Sea, whereas the 20-year trend is determined by the temperature variation of the transported water. A cross-wavelet analysis of dQ_oc and dQ_atm in the Barents Sea region shows that the seasonal variations in dQ_oc and dQ_atm are nearly in-phase, while their interannual variations are out-of-phase. It is concluded that the basin of the Barents Sea plays an important role in maintaining the feedback mechanism (the Bjerknes compensation) of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Arctic region.  相似文献   

Comparison of atmospheric forcing in four sub-arctic seas     

Muyin Wang  Nicholas A. Bond  James E. Overland 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2543

A comparative analysis was conducted on climate variability in four sub-arctic seas: the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea shelf, the Labrador Sea, and the Barents Sea. Based on data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the focus was on air–sea interactions, which influence ice cover, ocean currents, mixing, and stratification on sub-seasonal to decadal time scales. The seasonal cycles of the area-weighted averages of sea-level pressure (SLP), surface air temperature (SAT) and heat fluxes show remarkable similarity among the four sub-arctic seas. With respect to variation in climate, all four seas experience changes of comparable magnitude on interannual to interdecadal time scales, but with different timing. Since 2000 warm SAT anomalies were found during most of the year in three of the four sub-arctic seas, with the exception of the Sea of Okhotsk. A seesaw (out of phase) pattern in winter SAT anomalies between the Labrador and the Barents Sea in the Atlantic sector is observed during the past 50 years before 2000; a similar type of co-variability between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea shelf in the Pacific is only evident since 1970s. Recent positive anomalies of net heat flux are more prominent in winter and spring in the Pacific sectors, and in summer in the Atlantic sectors. There is a reduced magnitude in wind mixing in the Sea of Okhotsk since 1980, in the Barents Sea since 2000, and in early spring/late winter in the Bering Sea shelf since 1995. Reduced sea-ice areas are seen over three out of four (except the Sea of Okhotsk) sub-arctic seas in recent decades, particularly after 2000 based on combined in situ and satellite observations (HadISST). This analysis provides context for the pan-regional synthesis of the linkages between climate and marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

Numerical computation of tidal currents in the eastern and southern parts of the East China Sea     

Fang Guohong  Yang Jingfei 《海洋学报(英文版)》1988,7(3):344-355

Numerical simulation on diurnal and semidiurnal tidal currents is made for the eastern and southern parts of the East China Sea bounded by the Tsushima, islands of Kyushu and Ryukyu in the east and extending to the central Taiwan Strait in the south. The numerical computation shows that the rapid variation in the seabed topography near the Okinawa Trough may cause computational instability and this instability can be removed by setting a suitable lateral eddy viscosity. The computed results are in good agreement with the observations and indicate that the tidal currents in the greater part of the area studied rotate clockwise. An M2 current-amphidromic point exists in the southern part of the Korea Strait and another one appears in the west of Okinawa with less certainty. K1 and M2 cotidal charts based on the observed and computed tidal currents in the sea and the observed tides on the coast are also given.  相似文献   

北极各海域海冰覆盖范围的变化特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈萍  赵进平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):9-19

Sea ice in the Arctic has been reducing rapidly in the past half century due to global warming.This study analyzes the variations of sea ice extent in the entire Arctic Ocean and its sub regions.The results indicate that sea ice extent reduction during 1979–2013 is most significant in summer,following by that in autumn,winter and spring.In years with rich sea ice,sea ice extent anomaly with seasonal cycle removed changes with a period of 4–6 years.The year of 2003–2006 is the ice-rich period with diverse regional difference in this century.In years with poor sea ice,sea ice margin retreats further north in the Arctic.Sea ice in the Fram Strait changes in an opposite way to that in the entire Arctic.Sea ice coverage index in melting-freezing period is an critical indicator for sea ice changes,which shows an coincident change in the Arctic and sub regions.Since 2002,Region C2 in north of the Pacific sector contributes most to sea ice changes in the central Aarctic,followed by C1 and C3.Sea ice changes in different regions show three relationships.The correlation coefficient between sea ice coverage index of the Chukchi Sea and that of the East Siberian Sea is high,suggesting good consistency of ice variation.In the Atlantic sector,sea ice changes are coincided with each other between the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea as a result of warm inflow into the Kara Sea from the Barents Sea.Sea ice changes in the central Arctic are affected by surrounding seas.  相似文献   

Effect of Sea Level Variation on Tidal Characteristic Values for the East China Sea     

于宜法  俞聿修  左军成  万振文  陈宗镛 《中国海洋工程》2003,17(3)

1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…  相似文献   

Modeling the tidal ice drift and ice-induced changes in tidal dynamics on the Siberian continental shelf     

B. A. Kagan  D. A. Romanenkov  E. V. Sofina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(6):766-784

The tidal ice drift is treated as an element of the three-dimensional tidal dynamics in a sea covered by ice. This dynamics is described by the QUODDY-4 finite-element model, and the tidal ice drift is described by a continuous viscous-elastic approximation. We present the results of modeling not only the tidal ice drift (M ₂ wave) (its velocity, direction, and tidal variations in the concentration and pressure of ice compression) but also ice-induced changes in tidal dynamics and the residual tidal ice drift. The modeling results indicate that the maximum velocity of tidal ice drift, which is determined by a combination of various factors responsible for ice evolution and primarily by the horizontal gradient of the level and local tidal velocity, can be higher or lower than the velocity of the surface tidal current in the ice-free sea. This depends on the sign of deviations of tidal sea level elevations in the sea covered by ice from their values in the ice-free sea. In addition, it has been found that ice cover has a stronger effect on the energetics of tides than on their dynamics: the area-mean relative deviations constitute 1.5% for the density of the total tidal energy, 61.5% for the dissipation, 0.1% for the amplitudes of tidal sea level elevations, and 0.9% for the amplitudes of maximum barotropic tidal velocity. In this sense, the conclusion that the role of sea ice is insignificant in the formation of tides can be justified only partially. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the development of a module for tidal ice drift, (2) the inclusion of this module into the three-dimensional finite-element hydrothermodynamic model QUODDY-4 to extend its capabilities, and (3) the reproduction (on the basis of the modified model) of qualitative features of the practically important tidal ice drift and ice-induced changes in the tidal dynamics of marginal seas on the Siberian continental shelf.  相似文献   

Clay-mineral and grain-size distributions in surface sediments of the White Sea (Arctic Ocean): indicators of sediment sources and transport processes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Cornelia Saukel  Rüdiger Stein  Christoph Vogt  Vladimir P. Shevchenko 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(6):605-616

In this study, the grain-size and clay-mineral compositions of 73 surface sediment samples collected in a variety of environmental settings in the White Sea are presented to characterize recent sedimentation processes, reconstruct transport pathways, and identify potential source areas of the terrigenous components. Areas >100 m deep are invariably characterized by silty clay, whereas areas <100 m deep exhibit more heterogeneous grain-size compositions plausibly explained by coastal erosion and (re-)distribution mechanisms, particularly tidal currents. The dominance of sand in the estuarine areas of the Onega and Dvina rivers as well as toward the Gorlo Strait connecting the White Sea with the Barents Sea is attributed to increased current speeds. Illite and smectite are the dominant clay minerals in recent sediments of the southwestern and eastern White Sea sectors, respectively. Their distribution patterns largely depend on the geology of the source areas, and mirror surface circulation patterns, especially in Dvina Bay. Smectite is a key clay mineral in White Sea surface sediments, as it reveals the dominating influence of the Northern Dvina’s runoff on sedimentation and water circulation throughout the basin. In comparison to other Eurasian shelf seas, the White Sea is characterized by a greater diversity of clay-mineral assemblages, which range from illite- to smectite-dominated sectors containing variable amounts of chlorite and kaolinite.  相似文献   

Tidal ice drift in the White Sea: Results of a numerical experiment     

B. A. Kagan  A. A. Timofeev 《Oceanology》2006,46(6):796-802

The tidal ice drift is considered as an element of the tidal dynamics in a sea covered with ice. The appropriate problem is solved with the use of a combination of a simple viscoelastic continuum model of the tidal ice drift with the QUODDY-4 three-dimensional finite-element hydro-thermodynamical model. The combined model is used for simultaneous calculations of the tidal regime and the tidal ice drift in the White Sea. The calculated distributions of the characteristics of the semidiurnal (M₂ wave) tidal ice drift such as the ice drift velocity and the tidal variations of the ice concentration and the pressure of the ice compression are discussed. The distributions are used for detecting the zones of the quasi-steady tidal compression and extension of ice and regions of ridging of ice floes. Particular attention is paid to the residual tidal ice drift, a phenomenon that has remained almost unnoticed so far.  相似文献   

Dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediments of the White Sea     

E. A. Novichkova  E. I. Polyakova 《Oceanology》2007,47(5):660-670

Dinoflagellate cysts were studied in 42 samples from the surface sediments of the White Sea. The total concentration of dinocysts varies from single cysts to 25 000 cyst/g of dry sediments, which reflects the biological productivity in the White Sea waters and the regional particular features of the sedimentation processes. The highest concentrations are observed in silts; they are related to the regions of propagation of the highly productive Barents Sea waters in the White Sea. Generally, the spatial distribution of dinocysts species in the surface sediments corresponds to the distribution of the major types of water masses in the White Sea. The cysts of the relatively warm-water species (Operculodinium centrocarpum, Spiniferites sp.) of North Atlantic origin that dominate in the sediments indicate an intensive intrusion of the Barents Sea water masses to the White Sea along with hydrological dwelling conditions in the White Sea favorable for the development of these species during their vegetation period. The cold-water dinocyst assemblage (Islandinium minutum, Polykrikos sp.) is rather strictly confined to the inner parts of shallow-water bays, firstly, those adjacent to the Onega and Severnaya Dvina river mouths.  相似文献   

Non-assimilated tidal modeling of the South China Sea     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2013

The tides in the South China Sea were simulated using an established tidal model, with the purpose to evaluate if non-assimilated modeling of the area is feasible. Simulations were done for the locally dominating diurnal (K₁) and semi-diurnal (M₂) tidal constituents, and the model was shown to provide reasonably accurate results in terms of both elevations and levels of dissipation. However, this was only the case when a realistic tidal conversion parameterization was included in the model, and it is suggested that tidal conversion is a missing process in other model efforts of the area. Compared to observations, the modeled dissipation levels were slightly overestimated when integrated over the entire domain, and far larger in the model at topography with a slope which is supercritical for the baroclinic tidal waves. A crude, empirical correction of the tidal conversion rates at supercritical topography is suggested and implemented in the model and shown to improve the model results in terms of both elevations and dissipation rates. It is concluded that the presented model set up is suitable for investigations of how perturbations, e.g., future sea-level rise, will affect the tidal dynamics in the South China Sea.  相似文献