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1.
我国现代湖盆碎屑沉积物的类型和特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖盆碎屑沉积物在长期积累过程中,它的理化性质、物质组成和沉积厚度,不仅对湖盆演变和生态环境起影响作用,还可为工农业生产提供大量沉积矿藏。因此,开展现代湖盆沉积物类型和特征的研究,在理论、实践中将起积极作用。本文通过对长江中下游、云贵高原、松辽平原、新疆、青海及西藏等地近30个不同成因的湖盆的调查,试图就我国湖盆碎屑沉积物的类型划分原则及其特征作系统分析,为开展湖盆沉积物的研究提供依据。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6)
基于高分辨率层序地层学及储层沉积学理论,利用岩心、测井曲线、分析化验等资料,研究松辽盆地大安油田葡萄花油层沉积特征及演化。通过对泥岩颜色、生物化石、沉积构造、储层岩石学特征、特殊矿物及沉积背景等分析,确定研究区葡萄花油层发育浅水三角洲前缘沉积、前浅水三角洲沉积和浅湖—半深湖沉积。其中,浅水三角洲前缘亚相可进一步细分为水下分支河道、水下天然堤、水下分支河道间湾、河口坝和远砂坝5种微相。并对研究区沉积相进行了单井岩心相分析、测井相分析、连井相对比和平面沉积微相研究。大安油田葡萄花油层沉积时期,三角洲为先进积后退积:葡萄花8—4小层(P8—P4)时期,为湖盆萎缩、三角洲进积的阶段;葡萄花4—0小层(P4—P0)时期,则为湖盆扩张、三角洲退积的过程。物源来自北西方向的白城水系。 相似文献
3.
珠江口盆地惠州凹陷恩平组广泛发育浅水湖泊,然而长期被认为是断陷湖盆的沉积充填模式。通过岩性组合、地球物理响应特征、古生物组合、地球化学指标、砂岩粒度特征等方面的综合分析,论证了在惠州凹陷恩平组沉积时期湖盆广阔平缓,湖泊淤浅,陆源供应充足,证实了在这种沉积背景下,发育浅水辫状河三角洲沉积体系。该体系具有三角洲平原、辫状河道极其发育,而河口坝等反旋回序列不发育等特征,该体系的提出揭示了研究区断拗转换期湖盆广、薄煤层发育、砂体分布广、沉降速率高、碎屑颗粒粗等沉积特色,与前人探讨的惠州凹陷恩平组的沉积面貌完全不同,为惠州凹陷古近系的勘探提供了新的理论和思路。 相似文献
4.
珠江口表层沉积物的重矿物分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了珠江口表层沉积物中约200年样品的矿物，着重分析了重矿物的组合、含量变化、形态特征等，把珠江口重矿物的平面分布划为五个重矿物区。综合分析重矿物各方面的特性和搬运、沉积过程后认为，珠江口重矿物主要来源于西、北江，其次为东江、海岸和岛屿的近源积也有局部意义。指出珠江口为现代陆源物质充填的河口湾；其沉积环境控制了重矿的矿物组合、形态特征、含量变化和分区；重矿物沉积形成过程的规律性、可供寻找地质时期的现代的浅海（古滨海）砂矿借鉴。 相似文献
5.
东海西部海域现代沉积环境分区及沉积特征的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
唐保根 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,12(4):29-40
对本区1040个站位表层沉积物的粒度、矿物、化学及生物组分等特征进行了详尽的分析与研究,据此,把东海西部海域的现代沉积环境划分为两种类型的过渡环境。一类是与河口有关的过渡沉积环境,如长江三角洲沉积区,杭州湾沉积区及混合沉积区;另一类与河口无关的过渡沉积环境,包括浙东近岸沉积区,苏北浅滩沉积区及陆架改造沉积区。 相似文献
6.
现代海洋沉积物中,广泛发育膨胀型晶格矿物(蒙脱石、囊脱石和皂石等粘土矿物)及某些云母类硅酸盐层状矿物,常具膨胀型或混合型晶格。深海—远洋区这种类型的沉积矿物比例尤大。X射线衍射技术是研究这些矿物最主要的手段,要取得良好的实验结果,必须对试样进行两种预先处理。(1)高温处 相似文献
7.
探井揭示渤海海域东南部地区新近系发育高频河湖交互相沉积体系,砂体预测难度大,其中古湖盆水体深度是影响该区砂体展布的重要因素之一。通过元素地球化学、地层频谱属性趋势分析技术、古生物等多种技术方法对新近纪古湖盆水体特征进行恢复,结合古生物的古水深指示意义完成了新近纪湖泊萎缩期古湖盆水体深度的定量研究。研究结果表明:蓬莱7地区新近系发育缓坡沉积的淡水湖泊湖平面波动频繁,馆陶组沉积早期古水深较浅约3m左右,馆陶组中后期古水深开始增加,并且呈现出从南向北逐渐加深的趋势。明化镇组下段中上部沉积时期古水深达最大,但明化镇组下段沉积时期水体深度主要在4～6m范围内波动。 相似文献
8.
渤海、黄海、东海沉积物中矿物组合的研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
本文对黄海、渤海、东海以及长江、黄河、辽河表层沉积物中的轻、重矿物进行了研究。分析资料表明,调查区内共有三种类型的矿物:陆源矿物、自生矿物和海底火山喷发形成的火山型矿物。根据轻、重矿物组合的差异,可把调查区分成8个矿物区。其物质来源主要为黄河与长江。黄河物质主要沉积在黄海、渤海;长江物质沉积在东海陆架区,而冲绳海槽则发现有海底火山喷发物质与浊流沉积。 相似文献
9.
柴达木盆地第三系咸水湖相生油岩古沉积环境地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在系统分析柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品的微量元素、有机物、粘土矿物组成的基础上,揭示了研究区生油岩的无机元素和有机质组成特征;并结合沉积环境的无机与有机地球化学指标,重建了生油岩沉积时的古沉积环境。生油岩的B、Cl-及伽玛蜡烷含量表明,沉积时的水介质条件是半咸水—咸水环境,并伴随湖盆沉积中心北迁过程各层位地层的盐度发生规律性时空]化;生油岩的Fe2 /Fe3 、S2-、Pr/Ph比值、藿烷碳数分布模式及黄铁矿含量反映其沉积时的沉积环境为强还原性;粘土矿物组合特征及含量揭示这些生油岩的沉积相带介于中心咸湖相和边缘咸湖相之间。 相似文献
10.
对闽江河口近岸海域的230个表层沉积物样品和闽江20个表层沉积物样品进行重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物的分布特征及其物源指示。研究区共鉴定出重矿物27种,主要以普通角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿和黑云母为主。根据重矿物组合分布特征,将研究区分为两个矿物组合区,并划分为3个矿物组合亚区。闽江口近岸沉积区(Ⅰ-1区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-磁铁矿-绿帘石,受闽江物质影响很大;近岸混合沉积区(Ⅰ-2区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-磁铁矿-黑云母-绿帘石,受浙闽沿岸流携带物质和闽江物质共同影响沉积形成,闽江物质影响明显减弱;残留沉积区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-绿帘石-磁铁矿,主要为受后期改造的晚更新世海侵边界层。 相似文献
11.
沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
沉积矿物学是进行环境分析的重要手段之一，对矿物在表生环境下的物理、化学行为的研究是正确理解和获取一些重要的替代性环境指标的基础，它可为认识近代地质过程、地表气候过程和海洋环境过程提供定性和定量依据。20世纪90年代以来，海洋矿物学注重于以沉积矿物为指示，研究气候、物质来源、扩散路径和运移方向以及沉积环境等相关内容，并与地球化学相结合，解释区域性环境变化，乃至全球性环境演变等问题，取得了重要进展。对我国这一领域的研究现状作一综述，提出了5项环境示踪的沉积矿物学指标，即：用矿物组合、重矿物含量、磁铁矿、角闪石、长石等矿物示踪物源和物流；用矿物组合、高岭石、伊利石、方解石等指示古气候；用重矿物含量、石英特征等反映水动力条件；用海绿石、自生黄铁矿、铁锰氧化物等揭示氧化－还原环境；用火山玻璃、玄武闪石、蒙脱石等示踪火山和热液活动。但应用沉积矿物学示踪环境，必须运用多种指标进行综合分析。 相似文献
12.
The discovery of deep (20,000 ft) gas reservoirs in eolian sandstone of the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in Mobile Bay and offshore Alabama in the late 1970s represents one of the most significant hydrocarbon discoveries in the nation during the past several decades. Estimated original proved gas from Norphlet reservoirs in the Alabama coastal waters and adjacent federal waters is 7.462 trillion ft3 (Tcf) (75% recovery factor). Fifteen fields have been established in the offshore Alabama area. Norphlet sediment was deposited in an arid environment in alluvial fans, alluvial plains, and wadis in updip areas. In downdip areas, the Norphlet was deposited in a broad desert plain, with erg development in some areas. Marine transgression, near the end of Norphlet deposition, resulted in reworking of the upper part of the Norphlet Formation. Norphlet reservoir sandstone is arkose and subarkose, consisting of a simple assemblage of three minerals, quartz, albite, and K-feldspar. The present framework grain assemblage of the Norphlet is dominantly diagenetic, owing to albitization and dissolution of feldspar. Despite the simple framework composition, the diagenetic character of the Norphlet is complex. Important authigenic minerals include carbon ate phases (calcite, dolomite, Fe-dolomite, and breunnerite), feldspar (albite and K-feldspar), evaporite minerals (anhydrite and halite), clay minerals (illite and chlorite), quartz, and pyrobitumen. The abundance and distribution of these miner als varies significantly between onshore and offshore regions of Norphlet production. The lack of sufficient internal sources of components for authigenic minerals, combined with unusual chemical compositions of chlorite (Mg-rich), breunnerite, and some minor authigenic minerals, suggests that Louann-derived fluids influenced Norphlet diagenesis. In offshore Alabama reservoirs, porosity is dominantly modified primary poros ity. Preservation of porosity in deep Norphlet reservoirs is due to a combination of factors, including a lack of sources of cement components and lack of pervasive early cement, so that fluid-flow pathways remained open during burial. Below the dominantly quartz-cemented tight zone near the top of the Norphlet, pyrobitumen is a major contributor to reduction in reservoir quality in offshore Alabama. The highest reservoir quality occurs in those wells where the present gas water contact is below the paleohydrocarbon water contact. This zone of highest reservoir quality is between the lowermost occurrence of pyrobitumen and the present gas water contact. 相似文献
13.
14.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2002,19(3):229-246
Samples of diagenetic and hydrothermal minerals from drillcores along the DEKORP 9601 seismic traverse in the North German Basin were investigated for their fluid inclusion and sulphur isotope composition to reconstruct the thermal and chemical evolution of fluid systems during basin evolution. The stages of basin subsidence and subsequent inversion are marked by fluid systems of distinct composition. The basinwide Zechstein evaporite units formed an aquiclude, disconnecting convecting fluids in the underlying Rotliegend volcanics from the overlying units. δ34S ratios of sulphides suggest a sedimentary sulphur source. δ34S ratios of diagenetic and hydrothermal sulphates indicate that sulphur was derived partly from Rotliegend volcanic units and partly from the evaporitic Zechstein. 相似文献
15.
Quantifying the geometries of evaporite deposits at a <1 km scale is critical in our understanding of similar ancient depositional systems, but is challenging given evaporite mineral dissolution at surface conditions. A high-resolution stratigraphic study of the basal Purbeck Beds in Brightling Mine, UK, provides insight into the three-dimensional architecture, lateral continuity and vertical heterogeneity within an evaporite seal. We conducted a field mapping study, combined with X-ray diffraction, petrographic microscopy, and δ13C and δ18O isotope analysis. The stratigraphic interval contains five facies. In stratigraphic order, these include supratidal porphyritic nodular evaporite, shallow subtidal peloidal packstone with evaporite and two overlying rhythmic sequences of intertidal microbial laminite, subtidal shale, and subtidal laminar marl, capped by nodular anhydrite. The interpreted environment of deposition is a supratidal sabkha subject to periodic flooding in which intertidal (tidal flat) facies and subtidal (shallow marine) facies laterally passed into the evaporative sabkha. The cycles are interpreted as meter-scale shoaling-upward sequences, likely controlled by localized high-frequency changes in relative sea level and/or sabkha hydrology. Spatial patterns in the geometries of key stratigraphic surfaces reveal a subtle depression towards the central western region of the mine seam. The variation in stratal geometries is interpreted as paleotopography and is a function of individual or composite processes related to dissolution, eolian processes, and coastal erosion. These observations indicate a similar mode of deposition to the modern-day sabkha of the Persian Gulf. We conclude that the dynamic process of evaporite deposition led to subtle stratigraphic heterogeneities and changes in bed thicknesses, but largely continuous lateral bedding at an interwell-scale. 相似文献
16.
Sulphate-related equilibria in the hypersaline brines of the Tyro and Bannock Basins, eastern Mediterranean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G.J De Lange N.A.I.M Boelrijk G Catalano C Corselli G.P Klinkhammer J.J Middelburg D.W Müller W.J Ullman P Van Gaans J.R.W Woittiez 《Marine Chemistry》1990,31(1-3)
The Tyro and Bannock Basins, which are depressions in the eastern Mediterranean, contain hypersaline anoxic brines. These brines are of different composition: Tyro brine is primarily an early-stage halite (NaCl) brine, whereas Bannock brine includes the more soluble ions of late-stage evaporite minerals. Accordingly, the Bannock brine contains a much greater sulphate concentration than the Tyro Brine. This difference in sulphate concentration is reflected in the concentrations of ions such as Ca, Sr and Ba, which form sparingly soluble sulphate minerals.Equilibrium calculations using the Pitzer specific ion interaction model indicate that the brines in both basins are saturated with respect to gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O) and supersaturated to saturated with respect to dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). The degree of saturation with respect to dolomite is greater in the Bannock Basin than it is in the Tyro Basin. Correspondingly, recent gypsum crystals and dolomite hardgrounds have been found in the Bannock Basin but not in the Tyro Basin.The Tyro brine is homogeneous in composition, whereas the Bannock brine demonstrates a clear two-layer brine structure. At the interface of the upper and the lower brine distinct positive anomalies occur in the total alkalinity and the concentration of phosphate, and negative anomalies occur in the concentrations of Mn2+ and the rare earth elements (REE). These anomalies and the observed association of gypsum/dolomite in the sediments are all consistent with a recent precipitation of dolomite and gypsum in the Bannock Basin. The brines in both basins are also saturated with respect to barite (BaSO4).The 87Sr/86Sr and δ34S ratios of the Bannock brines are amazingly consistent but differ dramatically from the values for modern or Messinian-age seawater. The Sr concentration and Sr and S isotope ratios in the gypsum crystals indicate that most of these crystals have resulted from precipitation/recrystallization from the brine and not from seawater. The observed variations between crystals are thought to reflect the recrystallization of (sub-) outcropping Messinian gypsum with a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the presence of seawater or brine fluids and with different extents of diagenesis. 相似文献
17.
南黄海QC1孔粘土矿物研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陈正新 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1990,10(3):35-45
QC_1孔粘土矿物主要是伊利石,其次是绿泥石和高岭石,再次为蒙脱石。其组合为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石型。该孔粘土矿物来自陆源,各种迹象表明,成因多受气候变化所影响,且分布特征与孢粉组合具有良好的对应性。 相似文献
18.
The mineral composition of heavy and light subfractions of the modern bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea is studied. The concentration of the minerals in the Caspian Sea made it possible to identify nine terrigeneous mineralogical provinces in its area. Based on the mineral composition of the heavy subfraction of the bottom sediments, the main sources of the fragmentary material supply are established. The distribution of the terrigeneous minerals over the bottom area in the modern bottom sediments of the Caspian Sea depends on the sources of the fragmentary material; the stability and flotation properties of minerals; the morphology of the bottom; and the hydrodynamic conditions. 相似文献
19.
MINERALOGY OF COASTAL DEPOSITS OF NORTH-WESTERN SEA OF JAPAN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Distribution of heavy, light and clay minerals in Late Pleistocene—Holocene deposits from different coastal environments (beaches, lagoons, dunes, relict lakes, ria bays and inlets, open inlets) was analysed. It was established that mineralogical composition of coastal deposits was a result of provenance and its hypergenous changes, transformation of material within transit zone, and accumulative conditions of inshore zone. Contents of stable minerals increase in deposits of the inlets confined to mouths of the small streams and in horizons of the sections, formed during regressive phases. Unstable minerals amount is higher in deposits of inlets, confined to mouths of the large river. The clay mineral fraction of shelf sediments consists mostly of illite. Authigenous pyrites dominate in deposits of ria bays, lagoons and relict lakes, formed during transgressive phases. Volcanic glass, found in deposits, is product of Holocene eruptions of Baegdusan (Baitushen) Volcano. 相似文献
20.
邱燕 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(5):1-7
利用南海中南部表层沉积物151个样品中黏土矿物的测试数据,计算了主要黏土矿物含量的平均值并编制分布图,据此分析黏土矿物的分布特征及其控制因素。南海中南部表层沉积物中的黏土矿物组合类型为伊利石-蒙脱石-高岭石-绿泥石,含量平均值依次为47%、19%、17%和16%。高岭石含量分布具有北部低、南部高的特点,与之对应的是蒙脱石矿物含量呈现北部高、南部低的趋势。伊利石和绿泥石含量分布规律不甚明显。前者呈现北部略高、南部稍低的分布趋势,含量变化起伏较大;后者的含量变化呈西北陆坡区稍偏低,其他部位含量分布均匀的趋势。伊利石/高岭石含量的比值变化与高岭石含量变化呈明显的负相关关系。从黏土矿物含量的分布规律来看,控制本区黏土矿物分布的主要因素有物源的搬运和输送、水动力条件变化、海底火山活动、地球化学环境影响等。 相似文献