共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
生物成因气资源潜力巨大,具有分布广、埋藏浅、易预测、勘探成本低等优点,作为天然气水合物的主要气源,是一种重要的天然气资源。其生成机理与生油以及热解产气机理有着明显的区别,形成条件也存在着特殊性,许多评价生油岩以及过成熟气的指标并不适用于生物气源岩生气能力的评价。通过分析生物成因气形成演化特征及控制因素,建立了生物气源岩生气能力评价指标体系及评价标准。生物气生成的主要控制因素是可供产甲烷菌等微生物群体可利用的物质条件以及适宜微生物生长活动的地质地球化学环境条件2个方面,有机质碳、氯仿沥青"A"、有机酸、有机质类型以及镜质体反射率是生物气源岩物质条件的评价指标;沉积速率、地层温度、Pr/Ph和Cl-含量是反映地质环境的评价指标;腐泥组分含量、PME、咔唑类化合物、甾烷/藿烷、nC-21/nC+22等能够反映微生物活动及其强度的指标可作为生物气源岩评价的参数。 相似文献
3.
郭振轩 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1986,(4)
生油岩是形成油气的物质基础.生油岩的规模、品质、成熟程度和分布特征,对盆地含油气远景及油气分布规律,都有决定性的影响.所以人们在评价盆地含油气远景时,总是很自然地把生油条件放在首位来考虑.中国近海自北而南分布有渤海、南黄海、东海、珠江口、北部湾和莺歌海等六个主要新生代沉积盆.它们在形成机制、演化过程和所处构造位置以及沉积环境上各有异同.反映在生油层的发育上,既有某些共同性而又各具特征. 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质前沿》2021,(10)
南海西部大陆边缘南段发育万安盆地和湄公盆地,二者仅以昆仑隆起相隔,万安盆地以生气为主,湄公盆地以生油为主,造成二者油气差异性的原因有待探究。在已有的油气勘探资料和现有认识的基础上,通过对湄公盆地和万安盆地的热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境和生烃母质等特征进行剖析和类比,探讨2个盆地油气形成差异性的原因。研究认为,造成二者油气差异性的主要原因在于热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境以及生烃母质的不同。受断裂活动影响,万安盆地地温梯度和大地热流值均高于湄公盆地。万安盆地主力烃源岩时期是渐新世-早中新世,主要发育断拗型盆地湖沼-海湾相沉积,渐新世生烃母质主要为湖沼环境的藻类、水生植物以及高等植物的混源,早中新世生烃母质主要来自红树林等陆源高等植物,以Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型干酪根为主,生气为主。湄公盆地主力烃源岩时期为渐新世,主要发育断陷型盆地湖相沉积,生烃母质主要来源于中深湖相的藻类和水生植物,以Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根为主,生油为主。因此,断裂活动的差异控制了热流背景,构造格局的差异控制了沉积环境,沉积环境的差异控制了生烃母质,生烃母质的差异控制了油气类型。 相似文献
5.
渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析，以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志，确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明，浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布，但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看，馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征，馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小，馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期，从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段，当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。 相似文献
6.
7.
中太平洋MP2001-01柱状样品沉积地层记录与物性、源性及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对太平洋中部MP2001-01站位柱状样品中可溶有机质(氯仿沥青"A")、有机碳、生物标志物(正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃)、化学元素含量和比值[Al、Fe、Ti、Ba、Ba(bio)、Al/Ti和Ba(bio)/Ba]进行了分析和研究,结果显示:(1) 柱状样品中可溶有机质含量为(0.074～0.265)×10-3;饱和烃含量为(0.008～0.032)×10-3,占族组成的9.40%～19.20%;芳烃含量为(0.017～0.051)×10-3,占族组成的15.23%～25.54%;非烃含量为(0.037～0.146)×10-3,占族组成的40.67%～56.21%;沥青质含量为(0.011～0.049)×10-3,占族组成的13.51%～23.97%.沉积地层中饱和烃和芳烃含量较低,非烃含量占优势,沉积物的物性呈现出典型的低成熟特征.(2) 正构烷烃碳分子数分布范围大多为nC14～nC34,并多呈双峰群分布,主峰碳(MH)大多为nC17～nC19和nC27～nC29,轻、重烃比值(nC-23/nC+24)为0.631～0.950;碳优势指数(CPI)为0.983～1.382,显示出沉积物为海洋藻类、浮游生物、细菌和少量陆源高等植物的混合来源;样品中类异戊二烯烃中的姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph值)在沉积表层(0～1 cm)为最低,随着埋藏深度的增加,该比值有增高的趋势,尤其在8～11 cm和26～29 cm处,该比值达最高,表明此时的氧化程度为最高,指示了所在研究海域经历了还原-弱氧化-氧化-强氧化的大洋沉积环境,显示出该区沉积物在漫长的地质历史时期大多处于氧化环境中.沉积介质的氧化还原强度主要取决于底层水的氧浓度,因此沉积氧化还原条件的演化是推断南极底层流活动的一个重要线索.(3) 样品中的有机碳、烷烃总量、nC-23/nC+23值、化学元素及其比值[Al、Fe、Ti、Ba、Ba(bio)、Al/Ti和Ba(bio)/Ba]在14 cm层位处均发生突变,暗示着在这一地质时期中曾有过明显的沉积环境变异,这种变化对大洋生物有强烈的影响;气候变化指数Al/Ti显示出,14 cm层位处的上半部比下半部沉积时的气候明显温暖,揭示了沉积环境的变异与古气候的关系. 相似文献
8.
中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝先洪 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,(3)
本文根据有机地球化学资料,研究和探讨了中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机质丰度、可溶有机质的组成特征和不溶有机质的性质。结果表明,绝大多数生油岩有机碳含量大于0.90％,氯仿沥青“A”含量平均值大于600ppm,总烃大于200ppm。母质类型为腐殖—腐泥型和腐泥—腐殖型。 相似文献
9.
珠江口底质常、微量元素分析结果表明, 富含Si、Al、K、Mg、Fe和Ti等元素的陆源物质构成本区沉积物主体, 主要元素氧化物平均含量分别为SiO261.16%, Al2O314.74%, Fe2O35.72%, TiO20.88%, MgO1.84%, K2O2.63%, CaO2.70%, CaCO34.79%。底质元素含量与沉积物粒度组成关系密切, 主要元素Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ba在西北部近岸区以及伶仃洋中部细颗粒沉积区内富集; 而SiO2、CaO、Zr、Sr则在西南部和东南部粗颗粒沉积区富集。控制本区沉积物地球化学特征的因素主要有物质来源、沉积环境、水动力条件、沉积物粒度、矿物组成以及元素自身地球化学性质等。 相似文献
10.
《海洋地质前沿》2017,(2)
东非裂谷东支包含多个盆地,面积大,勘探程度低,构造演化复杂。以肯尼亚北部South Lokichar,Kerio及Turkana盆地为例,在区域构造、沉积及地球化学等资料的基础上,对裂谷盆地类型、构造演化和沉积充填及其对烃源岩的影响进行了详细分析。研究认为:South Lokichar盆地为被动裂谷,Kerio及Turkana盆地为主动裂谷。South Lokichar盆地经历了初始裂陷期、快速裂陷期及裂陷后期3个阶段,为一个完整的旋回;Kerio和Turkana盆地形成演化主要是受火山事件的控制,呈幕式拉张,此地区主要发生2期火山事件,对应着2期沉积旋回。裂谷演化控制烃源岩发育,South Lokichar盆地快速裂陷期发育大面积中深湖沉积环境,形成生烃指标优越的厚层泥岩;裂陷后期沉积地层厚度适宜,烃源岩恰处于成熟阶段,这2个阶段较好的匹配形成了优质烃源岩。Kerio和Turkana盆地2次火山事件形成中深湖沉积环境,但是持续时间短,分布面积较小,同时强烈的火山喷发使得中深湖相沉积中凝灰岩含量很高,烃源岩厚度仅为20~50m。烃源岩厚度薄是Kerio和Turkana盆地暂无发现的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献