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1.
Investigated are effects of the total cloudiness and other factors on earth-atmosphere net radiation(EANR) and analyzed is its relation to other components and ground surface net radiation in the context of ERBE and ISCCP.Evidence suggests that planetary scale albedo and earth-atmosphere short wave absorption radiation have maximum effect on the net radiation under study,with the influence of cloud and latitude displayed predominantly through the two factors;OLR has relatively weak effect;the earth-atmosphere net radiation is well correlated with surface net radiation.Analysis is also performed of the geographic distribution of the earth-atmosphere net radiation throughout China,and the annual curve of the net radiation on a local basis is marked by high(low) value in summer(winter) with the impact of factors.including total cloudiness responsible largely for the shift of the months with maximum. 相似文献
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Investigated are effects of the total cloudiness and other factors on earth-atmosphere net radia-tion(EANR)and analyzed is its relation to other components and ground surface net radiation inthe context of ERBE and ISCCP.Evidence suggests that planetary scale albedo and earth-atmo-sphere short wave absorption radiation have maximum effect on the net radiation under study,withthe influence of cloud and latitude displayed predominantly through the two factors;OLR has rela-tively weak effect;the earth-atmosphere net radiation is well correlated with surface net radiation.Analysis is also performed of the geographic distribution of the earth-atmosphere net radiationthroughout China,and the annual curve of the net radiation on a local basis is marked by high(low)value in summer(winter)with the impact of factors.including total cloudiness responsiblelargely for the shift of the months with maximum. 相似文献
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本文利用地球辐射平衡试验（ERBE）和国际卫星云气候计划（ISCCP）提供的地气系统行星反射率，长波射出辐射（OLR）和云量资料，计算出中国地区年、月总云量对地气系统净辐射的强迫，分别讨论了其与总云量及地气系统晴天净辐射的关系。结果表明：地气系统净辐射云强迫与总云量有较好的抛线物关系，各月净辐射云强迫与地气系统晴天净辐射的曲线相关也很明显，如以曲线上净辐射云强迫为零时的晴天净辐射值代表各月曲线位置，则该值随天文辐射作规律性季节变化。地气系统净辐射云强迫的地理分布与总云量及地气晴天净辐射分布有关，其在各地的年变化则主要由天文因素及雨季进行退决定。 相似文献
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利用卫星和再分析数据,评估了区域气候模式Reg CM4对中国东部地区辐射收支的基本模拟能力,重点关注地表净短波(SNS)、地表净长波(SNL)、大气顶净短波(TNS)、大气顶净长波(TNL)4个辐射分量。结果表明:1)短波辐射的误差值在夏季较大,而长波辐射的误差值在冬季较大。但各辐射分量模拟误差的空间分布在冬、夏季都有较好的一致性。2)对于地表辐射通量,SNS表现为正偏差(向下净短波偏多),在各分量中误差最大,区域平均误差值近50 W/m2;SNL表现为负偏差(向上净长波偏多);对于大气顶辐射通量,TNS和TNL分别表现为"北负南正"的误差分布和整体正偏差。3)利用空间相关和散点线性回归方法对4个辐射分量的模拟误差进行归因分析,发现在云量、地表反照率、地表温度三个直接影响因子中,云量模拟误差的贡献最大,中国东部地区云量模拟显著偏少。 相似文献
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The Influence Of Urban Canopy Configuration On Urban Albedo 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Akira Kondo Megumi Ueno Akikazu Kaga Katsuhito Yamaguchi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,100(2):225-242
We propose a calculation method for shortwave radiation flux and longwave radiation flux within the urban canopy and investigate the influence of urban canopy configuration on net radiation flux. In the assumed urban configuration, buildings of equal size are arranged in a regular lattice within the urban canopy. The net shortwave radiation flux and longwave radiation flux within the urban canopy were calculated by the photon tracking method based on the Monte Carlo method. The albedo value obtained by this method shows close agreement with experimental data, and the average sky view factor shows almost perfect agreement with the theoretical value. Moreover, we calculated the urban albedo for the urban canopy configuration including roads and building height distribution.%Moreover, we calculated net radiation within the urban canopy in %consideration of roads and building height distribution.We found that the sky view factor of the ground surface is high when building coverage is low, building height is low, open space by roads exists, and building height is non-uniform. Moreover, we found that the albedo value is high when building height is small, open space by roads is wide, and building height is uniform. The albedo value was found to vary in a complicated manner with change in building coverage. 相似文献
7.
根据ＥＲＢＥ和ＩＳＣＣＰ资料讨论了总云量等因子对地－气系统净辐射的影响，分析了地－气系统净辐射与其各分量及地表净辐射的相关联系。发现行星反射率和地气短波吸收辐射对地－气净辐射的影响最大，而云和纬度的作用主要通过该两因子变化表现出来，ＯＬＲ的作用则相对较弱。地－气净辐射与地表净辐射的相关性也较明显。文中还就地－气净辐射在全国的地理分布作了分析。各地区地－气净辐射的年变曲线均为简单的夏大冬小型，云等因素的影响主要造成最大值出现月份的推移。 相似文献
8.
本文选择2012年8月16~17日降水个例,利用WRFV3.5天气模式模拟研究青藏高原东坡的地形坡度、坡向及覆盖短波辐射效应(Effect of Slope,Aspect and Shading,ESAS)。结果显示,ESAS产生的短波辐射强迫(强迫)空间分布与坡度大小一致,表现为坡度大时强迫大,坡度小时强迫小;朝西坡向为负强迫,坡向朝东为正强迫,正负强迫分别超过20和32W m-2。地形覆盖使得坡度和坡向在青藏高原东坡(高原东坡)上产生的地面短波辐射通量变化(辐射通量变化)整体向东南移入盆地,位移后的辐射通量增减仍然和高原东坡的坡度、坡向分布一致。地表热通量、地表温度在白天的变化和辐射通量变化分布一致,均在四川盆地内有一条高值带,且形状类似高原东坡和盆地的衔接线;EASA对地面各热通量的影响可以延续到夜间,使得夜间地表热通量变化和高值区位置与白天相似,但变化幅度减小。水汽混合比和风场的变化均具有与潜热变化相似的空间形态,在夜间尤其明显。潜热的增加(减小)可能引起风速增减加(减小),并最终导致降水的改变。 相似文献
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青藏高原地表净辐射的气候学研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
根据作者提出的地表净辐射各分量的气候学计算方法，计算出青藏高原及其周边地区１７３站的净辐射和其各分量的年，月平均通量密度，并分析其地理分布特征。指出高原主体为总辐射，有效辐射的高值区，地表净辐射场在冬，夏季有较大差异。冬季为一弱正值区，相对低中心呈块状散布在祁连山区等几个地区；夏季因夜雨及地表湿润的缘故，高原大部地区的地表净辐射反有加强。各地净辐射年变化基本形式与总辐射相似。有效辐射年变化一般呈双 相似文献
10.
基于数字地形模型的山区太阳辐射的时空分布模拟 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在数字地形模型(DTM)的基础上,利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS确定阴影、提供的地图代数语言功能,模拟了甘肃定西安家沟小流域任意时段内天文辐射的空间分布。该模型借助于ArcGIS的地形分析功能,解决了常规方法不能解决的地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响。该模型是一个物理模型,对天文辐射能的时空分布可做出较精确描述,提供在常规条件下的重要参数。时空分布分析表明:地形对天文辐射的影响很大,尤其是坡向的影响;天文辐射随着季节变化很大,从3月底开始直到6月上旬一直处于上升阶段,然后下降;地形对天文辐射的影响程度随着季节不同有所不同,但是没有表现出明显的规律。 相似文献
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福建省散射辐射的计算方法及其分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了综合考虑日照百分率和总云量来计算散射辐射的公式。将散射辐射Ｄ除以日照百分率Ｓ１，称其为净散射辐射。同时求出各月及年的净散射辐射与当地天文辐射的比值和总云量的相关系数ｒ。各月与年的相关系数均为正值，且ｒ均大于ｒ０．０１。在此基础上建立计算散射辐射的经验公式：Ｄ＝Ｓ１Ｑｏｅ＾ａ＋ｂＮ，式中Ｄ为散射辐射；Ｓ１为日照百分率；Ｑｏ为天文辐射；Ｎ为总云量；ａ和ｂ为经验系数。使用该经验公式求得福建省所有市 相似文献
13.
应用定西地区的气象资料和4次EOS-MODIS卫星资料,对典型的西北半干旱雨养农业区的基本地表特征参数进行反演,并在此基础上对地表净辐射量进行估算,进而分析了它的季节变化。结果表面,应用卫星数据估算的净辐射结果与实际观测值基本接近,相对误差在16%以内,基本反映了当地的实际情况;雨养农业区净辐射的季节变化表现为冬季最小,其次是秋季,夏春两季最大,并且四季相差比较大;净辐射四季变化也呈现出不均匀的分布特性,频率分布范围较宽。 相似文献
14.
青藏高原冬季降雪对地面净辐射的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过去的研究结果指出，冬季青藏高原地面净辐射场是一个由地理因子决定的基本场叠加上一个降雪后地面积雪区造成的扰动场组成，为定量研究冬季青藏高原降对地面净辐射的扰动幅度，利用作者已经建立的冬季青藏高原后地面反射率与降雪降雪面无（有）积雪时计算地面净辐射的公式，计算了不同强度降雪后地面净辐射日总量及其变化。 相似文献
15.
海南岛气象辐射的年变化特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1992－2000年的观测资料研究了海口、三亚的气象辐射特点。结果：指出，总辐射和反射辐射具有抛物线分布特点，净全辐射全年均为正值，各辐射量的9年平均值具有双峰型特点。 相似文献
16.
根据ＥＲＢＥ和ＩＳＣＣＰ资料以及实测和计算和地表净辐射资料进行了计算，并讨论了我国大气净辐射的气候特征；分析了其与各辐射分量及影响因子的关系。结果表明，大气净辐射与大气吸收波辐射有很高的线性关系，并可由此建立起统一的大气净辐射计算式。 相似文献
17.
YANG Xingguo QIN Dahe ZHANG Tingjun KANG Shichang QIN Xiang LIU Hongyi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(6):680-698
Ground-based measurements are essential for understanding alpine glacier dynamics, especially in remote
regions where in-situ measurements are extremely limited. From 1 May to 22 July 2005 (the spring-summer
period), and from 2 October 2007 to 20 January 2008 (the autumn-winter period), surface radiation as well
as meteorological variables were measured over the accumulation zone on the East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt.
Qomolangma/Everest at an elevation of 6560 m a.s.l. by using an automatic weather station (AWS). The
results show that surface meteorological and radiative characteristics were controlled by two major synoptic
circulation regimes: the southwesterly Indian monsoon regime in summer and the westerlies in winter. At the
AWS site on the East Rongbuk Glacier, north or northwest winds prevailed with high wind speed (up to 35 m
s-1 in January) in winter while south or southeast winds predominated after the onset of the southwesterly
Indian monsoon with relatively low wind speed in summer. Intensity of incoming shortwave radiation was
extremely high due to the high elevation, multiple reflections between the snow/ice surface and clouds, and
the high reflective surrounding surface. These factors also caused the observed 10-min mean solar radiation
fluxes around local noon to be frequently higher than the solar constant from May to July 2005. The mean
surface albedo ranged from 0.72 during the spring-summer period to 0.69 during the autumn-winter period.
The atmospheric incoming longwave radiation was greatly affected by the cloud condition and atmospheric
moisture content. The overall impact of clouds on the net all-wave radiation balance was negative in the Mt.
Qomolangma region. The daily mean net all-wave radiation was positive during the entire spring-summer
period and mostly positive during the autumn-winter period except for a few overcast days. On monthly
basis, the net all-wave radiation was always positive. 相似文献
18.
This paper describes and tests two models for estimating net radiation(or the radiation balance)on sloping surfacesof alpine environments.They are an empirical method based on the linear relationship between net radiation and globalsolar radiation and a flux-by-flux method involving the estimation of all the individual components of radiation budgetindependently.The results show that the empirical method is capable of predicting hourly net radiation on sloping sur-faces to within about±53 W m~(-2) under all sky conditions.During clear sky conditions,it could predict net radiation onslopes to within±58 W m~(-2) or 16% of the measured values.The flux-by-flux method,although it did not perform aswell as the empirical method,performed adequately and could give estimates of net radiation on slopes with root meansquare error of less than 74 W m~(-2)(20%)and a mean bias error of 27 W m~(-2)(7%). 相似文献
19.
青藏高原地区大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射的关系 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
地表净辐射为地气系统净辐射与大气层净辐射之差。对大气层净辐射作不同的假定，可将地表净辐射与大气顶辐射收支之间的关系表示成不同的形式。本文利用１９８２年８月—１９８３年７月青藏高原地区地面辐射收支观测资料及同期ＮＯＡＡ－７辐射收支资料，用统计方法讨论了大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射之间的相关性，建立了两者之间的回归方程，并在此基础上分析了青藏高原地区月平均地表净辐射的时空分布特征。 相似文献
20.
起伏地形下浙江省散射辐射时空分异规律模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合影响起伏地形下太阳散射辐射的天空因素与地面因素,通过基于数字高程模型（DEM）数据的起伏地形下天文辐射模型和地形开阔度模型,综合考虑地面因素对散射辐射的影响;基于常规地面气象站观测资料建立的水平面散射辐射模型,考虑天空因素对散射辐射的影响;建立了起伏地形下浙江省散射辐射分布式估算模型;逐月计算了浙江省散射辐射（100m×100m）的空间分布。结果表明：散射分量分布与地理地形因子、季风影响、大气透明程度有关,由高纬向低纬逐渐增加;季节分布特点为,夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季;坡度、坡向对散射辐射的分布影响小,但辐射值与开阔度呈正相关,各季辐射最大值分布在开阔度大处,最小值在开阔度最小处,不同季节有所伸缩。计算结果可以为气候变化和环境资源研究提供基础数据。 相似文献