共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
翁笃鸣 《南京气象学院学报》1995,18(1):8-14
根据ERBE和ISCCP资料讨论了地－气系统短波吸收辐射及其年较差在全国的分布，分析了其与总云量、行星和地表反射率以及地面吸收辐射的相互关系。发现在冬季地－气系统短波吸收辐射分布主要呈南高北低型，夏季分布形势为一不对称的大鞍形场，大致与行星反射率分布反向对应。地－气短波吸收辐射与总云量呈负相关，高相关区在我国东部。各站地－气短波吸收辐射与地面吸收辐射的相关系数普遍高达0．900以上。此一特点为从气候上利用地－气吸收辐射反演地面吸收辐射提供初步可能。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
本文利用地球辐射平衡试验（ERBE）和国际卫星云气候计划（ISCCP）提供的地气系统行星反射率，长波射出辐射（OLR）和云量资料，计算出中国地区年、月总云量对地气系统净辐射的强迫，分别讨论了其与总云量及地气系统晴天净辐射的关系。结果表明：地气系统净辐射云强迫与总云量有较好的抛线物关系，各月净辐射云强迫与地气系统晴天净辐射的曲线相关也很明显，如以曲线上净辐射云强迫为零时的晴天净辐射值代表各月曲线位置，则该值随天文辐射作规律性季节变化。地气系统净辐射云强迫的地理分布与总云量及地气晴天净辐射分布有关，其在各地的年变化则主要由天文因素及雨季进行退决定。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原地区云对地表净辐射的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测实验资料，分析了云量，云状对地表净辐射的影响，计算了与云对地表净辐射强迫作用有关的参数。研究表明：地表净辐射是云量的线性函罢 ２对地表净辐射的影响有明显的季节性差异，在春季和夏季，云对地表净辐射的影响非常强烈，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多而减小，在秋季和冬季，云对地表净辐的影响较小，并且地表净辐射随云量的增多百增大。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响：Ⅰ.综合分析 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
本文利用１９８２年８月－１９８３年７月青藏高原地面热源观测试验资料，讨论了青藏高原地区地面有较辐射时空变化的基本特征，分析了地面有效辐射与云层覆盖率和云状的关系。结果表明：云是影响地面有效辐射变化的重要因子；地面有效辐射是云层覆盖率的二次函数，函数形式为二次三项式；地面有效辐射对云状变化的响应是非常明显的，中云（Ａｓ）对地面有效辐射的影响最大，其次是低云（Ｃｂ，Ｓｃ）。高云（Ｃｉ）对地面有效辐射的 相似文献
7.
河西地区的太阳直接辐射和大气透明度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用河西地区的民勤和敦煌两个日射站的三年（１９８１—１９８３年）资料，计算了太阳直接辐射在传输过程中的各种衰减。该地区有干燥、荒漠和狭管地形等三大特点，环境对直接辐射的影响表现为气溶胶衰减的重要作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
青藏高原地区大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射的关系 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
地表净辐射为地气系统净辐射与大气层净辐射之差。对大气层净辐射作不同的假定，可将地表净辐射与大气顶辐射收支之间的关系表示成不同的形式。本文利用１９８２年８月—１９８３年７月青藏高原地区地面辐射收支观测资料及同期ＮＯＡＡ－７辐射收支资料，用统计方法讨论了大气顶净辐射与地表净辐射之间的相关性，建立了两者之间的回归方程，并在此基础上分析了青藏高原地区月平均地表净辐射的时空分布特征。 相似文献
10.
11.
在全球气候变暖背景下,地面接收太阳辐射总量发生改变,探讨自然和人为因素对其影响成为热点。利用线性趋势分析、M-K突变检验和小波分析等方法,分析了1961-2009年大同市地面接收太阳辐射的变化特征,验证地面接收太阳辐射的突变年份和周期变化及未来变化趋势,探讨太阳辐射与相关气象要素的关系。结果表明：近49 a大同市地面接收太阳辐射年平均值为5617.28 MJ/m2,整体呈现明显下降趋势,但2000年后又缓慢上升;大同市地面接收太阳总辐射在1975年发生突变;太阳总辐射的振荡周期为9a,现正处于太阳辐射偏高年份;日照时数逐年递减,地面接收太阳辐射减少,二者呈现显著正相关;降水量在波动中缓慢减少,而地面接收太阳辐射总量减少,二者呈现一定正相关;云量变化逐年减少,但与地面接收太阳辐射相关性不明显,气候的自然因素变化与地面接收太阳辐射的相关性较小。 相似文献
12.
太阳散射辐射的分光测量及其能量分配 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近十余年来，国内外不少学者先后研究了散射辐射与总辐射的关系［１－６］，建立了各种计算散射辐射的经验公式，但有关分光散射辐射分量的测量和研究为数甚少。为此，我们于１９８９－１９９０年在北京对３００－２８００ｎｍ光谱范围内的７个波段的散射分量进行测量，并研究了各分量与全谱段散射总量间的定量关系。 相似文献
13.
基于成都市1991至2020 年太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射、气温、蒸发、日照时数等气象资料,采用线性趋势、Maan-KendaⅡ等方法研究太阳辐射的年、月、日变化特征,以及太阳总辐射的变化对气温、蒸发等气候因子的影响。结果表明：太阳总辐射、直接辐射逐年增多趋势明显,线性倾向率分别为29.69、20.25 MJ·m-2/a;太阳总辐射2010 年出现突变,突变年后较突变年前年平均太阳总辐射增多497.22 MJ·m-2。散射系数呈逐年减小趋势,线性倾向率为每10 年减少0.6。太阳总辐射与气温、蒸发、日照时数呈正相关,均通过显著性检验。太阳总辐射每增加10 MJ·m-2/a,年平均气温升高0.006℃,日照时数增加1.7 h,蒸发量增大1.2 mm。对太阳辐射增加的原因分析,人类活动造成的气溶胶含量减少可能是太阳辐射增加的一个原因。 相似文献
14.
Summary Global maps of the monthly mean net upward longwave radiation flux at the ocean surface have been obtained for April, July, October 1985 and January 1986. These maps were produced by blending information obtained from a combination of general circulation model cloud radiative forcing fields, the top-of-the-atmosphere cloud radiative forcing from ERBE and TOVS profiles and sea surface temperature on ISCCP C1 tapes. The fields are compatible with known meteorological regimes of atmospheric water vapor content and cloudiness. There is a vast area of high net upward longwave radiation flux (> 80 W m–2) in the eastern Pacific Ocean throughout most of the year. Areas of low net upward longwave radiation flux (< 40 Wm–2) are the tropical convective regions and extra tropical regions that tend to have persistent low cloud cover. The technique used in this study relies on GCM simulations and so is subject to some of the uncertainties associated with the model. However, all input information regarding temperature, moisture and cloud cover is from satellite data having near global coverage. This feature of the procedure alone warrants its consideration for further use in compiling global maps of the net longwave radiation at the surface over the oceans.With 9 Figures 相似文献
15.
We show evidence that interannual variations in the net radiation balance at the top-of-atmosphere over North Africa may be linked to variations at the land surface within the Sahelian zone. By utilizing concurrent monthly time series of earth radiation budget and passive microwave measurements obtained from the Nimbus 7 satellite over a five year period from 1979 to 1983, we have examined the spatial distribution of the amplitude of interannual variability of the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. A strong association is found between the radiation budget anomalies derived from ERB-WFOV measurements and the anomalies of 37 GHz polarized brightness temperature difference derived from SMMR measurements. Previous research has shown that the interannual anomalies in the top-of-atmosphere net radiation balance in the Sahelian zone mostly arise from changes taking place at the surface, not from variations in cloudiness which brings variable rainfall throughout the African Sahel. Since microwave polarization difference is related in part to vegetation cover, we suggest that the main control of the modulation of North Africa's radiation balance may be year to year fluctuations of vegetation cover within the Sahelian zone, likely stemming from fluctuations in the rainfall. This relationship is relevant to the problem of radiation control and feedback on global climate through processes taking place within the biosphere of a semi-arid zone. 相似文献
16.
利用1964—1983年冬季无云条件下的太阳辐射资料分析发现,1982年3月底至4月初,墨西哥El Chichón(厄·奇冲)火山爆发后,对到达地球表面的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射以及总辐射产生了显著和持续的影响。这种影响特征与近百年来的几次巨大火山爆发所引起的辐射效应是一致的,这主要是因为火山气溶胶对太阳辐射的强大反向散射和吸收作用,改变了大气透明度所造成的。 相似文献
17.
18.
利用“全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验(CAMP/Tibet)”中那曲地区BJ站2002年8月1日\_2003年8月31日的观测资料作为水热耦合模式(Simultaneous Heat and Water, SHAW)的强迫场,对青藏高原中部季节冻土区地表能量通量特征进行了单点模拟研究。通过对实测值与模拟结果的对比分析,发现SHAW模式能较成功地模拟该地区地表能量通量特征, 短波净辐射和长波净辐射的模拟值与观测值吻合较好, 净辐射和土壤热通量在夏半年的模拟值与观测值也吻合,但相对夏\, 秋季而言,它们在冬\, 春季的模拟值较观测值略偏大。模拟的感热和潜热通量的季节变化比较合理,由模拟的感热和潜热通量计算的Bowen比能较好地解释不同季节太阳辐射的能量转化。 相似文献
19.
The summer monsoon of 1988 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dr. T. N. Krishnamurti H. S. Bedi M. Subramaniam 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1990,42(1):19-37
Summary Time averaged, monthly mean fields of a number of climate parameters such as sea surface temperature anomalies, outgoing longwave radiation anomalies, 200 mb velocity potential field, streamfunction anomaly at the lower and the upper troposphere and percentage rainfall amounts are presented, for the summer of 1988 over the regions of Asian summer monsoon. Above normal rainfall occurred over most of the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia and eastern China during 1988. In comparison, 1987 was a drought year. This paper presents a comparison of some of the salient aforementioned parameters. The evolution of the planetary scale divergent motions and the streamfunction anomaly exhibit prominent differences during the life cycle of the monsoon in these two years. The velocity potential field exhibits a pronounced planetary scale geometry with the divergent outflows emanating from the monsoon region during 1988. The descending branches of these time averaged circulations are found over the Atlantic ocean to the west and over the eastern Pacific and North America to the east. The immense size of this circulation is indicative of an above normal monsoon activity. During 1987, the outflow center was located much further to the southeast over the western Pacific ocean. The longitudinal extent of the monsoonal divergent circulations were much smaller in 1987.The positive sea surface temperature anomaly of the El Nino year 1987 is seen to move westwards to the western Pacific in 1988, a warm anomaly also appears over the eastern equatorial Indian ocean and the Bay of Bengal at this time. The latter contributes to the supply of moisutre during the active monsoon season of 1988. The outgoing long wave radiation anomalies evolve with a westward propagation of strong positive anomalies from the central Pacific ocean consistent with the evolution of divergent circulation. The streamfunction anomalies basically show westerly zonal wind anomalies being replaced by easterly anomalies during 1988 over the upper troposphere of the monsoon region.The lower tropospheric streamfunction anomaly during the drought year 1987 showed a pronounced counter monsoon circulation. That feature was absent in 1988.With 11 Figures 相似文献