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1.
基于成都市1991至2020 年太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射、气温、蒸发、日照时数等气象资料,采用线性趋势、Maan-KendaⅡ等方法研究太阳辐射的年、月、日变化特征,以及太阳总辐射的变化对气温、蒸发等气候因子的影响。结果表明：太阳总辐射、直接辐射逐年增多趋势明显,线性倾向率分别为29.69、20.25 MJ·m-2/a;太阳总辐射2010 年出现突变,突变年后较突变年前年平均太阳总辐射增多497.22 MJ·m-2。散射系数呈逐年减小趋势,线性倾向率为每10 年减少0.6。太阳总辐射与气温、蒸发、日照时数呈正相关,均通过显著性检验。太阳总辐射每增加10 MJ·m-2/a,年平均气温升高0.006℃,日照时数增加1.7 h,蒸发量增大1.2 mm。对太阳辐射增加的原因分析,人类活动造成的气溶胶含量减少可能是太阳辐射增加的一个原因。 相似文献
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武汉天河机场低能见度现象的气候特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用5年滑动平均方法并用最小二乘法建立方程式,计算太阳辐射气候倾向率及日照气候倾向反映太阳辐射的45a变化趋势,用小波分析方法分析太阳总辐射的周期变化规律。结果表明,太原地区的年日照时数减少,年总辐射量呈显著减少趋势,有11a的周期变化,在1981年左右有突变。初步统计能见度低于10km次数在逐年增多。 相似文献
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利用邯郸1980—2017年气象观测资料和河北乐亭太阳辐射观测资料,基于Hybrid radiation模型,估算邯郸近38 a太阳辐射,采用线性倾向率、突变检验、复小波分解等方法,分析邯郸太阳辐射的空间特征、线性趋势、突变和周期。结果表明:邯郸年辐射值为5 000～5 300 MJ/m2,春、夏季太阳辐射约是秋、冬季的2倍,大部分县太阳辐射资源很丰富。邯郸太阳辐射总体呈下降趋势,期间经历了连续减少、稳定维持和缓慢增长3个阶段,近10 a太阳辐射的缓慢增长主要是由春、夏季太阳辐射增加引起的。邯郸春季没有突变点,夏、秋、冬季和年序列的突变点分别为1995、1999、2001和1996年,突变年之后,下降趋势减缓。除春季外,邯郸太阳辐射存在2～4 a显著的短震荡周期。 相似文献
4.
利用1961-2010年杭州站太阳总辐射、日照、降水、云量、水汽压和视程障碍日数资料,采用气候倾向率、突变检测和相关分析等方法,研究了近50 a太阳总辐射和日照时数的变化特征及其成因.结果表明,近50 a杭州年太阳总辐射和日照时数均呈减少趋势,以日照时数下降更明显,其突变年份分别发生在1975和1971年;年太阳总辐射下降主要出现在1961-1992年,1993-2010年呈波动变化,1993年以后未出现明显“变亮期”,而年日照时数在上述两个时段都表现为显著下降趋势,至21世纪00年代降到最低.夏、秋、冬3季太阳总辐射和日照时数趋势变化与年变化基本一致,春季两者在1961-1992年均呈下降趋势,1993年后存在较明显的“变亮期”.降水量、低云量和轻雾日的增加是造成杭州年及夏、秋、冬3季太阳总辐射和日照时数减少的主要原因,春季太阳总辐射的增加则主要与降水量、雨日、总云量和低云量减少关系密切,此外,霾日数变化对日照时数的影响也非常重要. 相似文献
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基于长江流域147个站点的气象数据,利用气候学计算方法估算1960年以来的太阳总辐射数据,运用线性回归和相关分析等方法,探讨1960年以来太阳总辐射在长江流域的时空变化特征,并分析太阳总辐射的影响因子.结果表明:太阳总辐射在整个长江流域(除去上游源头区金沙江流域)自东向西递减,且上游地区变化波动大,中下游地区下降趋势显著;自1960年以来太阳总辐射在长江流域呈现下降趋势,1990年以后开始呈现上升趋势;近50a来太阳总辐射的减少趋势与云量和大气水汽含量没有显著相关性. 相似文献
7.
对玉树站1961—2010年实测太阳总辐射资料分析表明,玉树太阳总辐射50年来呈逐渐减少的趋势.方差分析表明,玉树站的太阳总辐射突变点出现在1978年,此前总辐射量呈增加趋势,1978年以后,总体呈减少趋势,太阳总辐射处于相对偏少的时段,突变年后比突变年前平均年总辐射量减少了583.89 MJ/m2.玉树各月总辐射减少幅度各不同,8月减少幅度最大,6月减少幅度最小.日照时数的变化趋势与太阳总辐射的变化趋势一致.分析其对气候的影响可知,玉树站总辐射和年平均气温、夏季降水量、年蒸发量均呈负相关.若总辐射减少100 MJ/(m2·a),年平均气温将升高0.03 ℃,5—9月降水量将增加3.0 mm,年蒸发量将增加21.0 mm. 相似文献
8.
根据太阳总辐射估算模型Q=Q0（a＋bS1）按月确定了博州地区邻近站伊宁的a、b系数,将其对应于博州地区4个站点1961～2006年逐月太阳辐射的计算,据此分析了全地区太阳总辐射的时空分布状况,并对太阳能资源按行业标准进行了评估。结果表明,46a来博州地区的太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,整体上冬季减少的贡献率最大;太阳总辐射与总、低云量、相对湿度、雨雪日数具有较好的相关性;造成博州地区太阳总辐射呈下降趋势的重要气候原因是：平均总、低云量,相对湿度,雨雪日数增加的综合作用;博州地区的太阳能资源较丰富,其开发利用的．综合条件较好。 相似文献
9.
利用南宁气象站1961-2009年太阳辐射观测资料,运用线性倾向估计、M-K突变检验等方法对近49年来太阳辐射变化的主要特征进行了分析。结果表明,近49年来年太阳总辐射呈弱下降趋势,下降突变点为1964年,线性下降速率为28.9 (MJ/m2) /10a,其中下降主要发生在1961-1992年,1993年后显著增加;春、秋和冬季太阳总辐射变化趋势和全年相似,夏季则呈弱增加趋势。分析表明,总云量和表征气溶胶多少的能见度是影响太阳总辐射变化的主要气象因子。 相似文献
10.
格尔木辐射站是青海省唯一的太阳辐射观测一级站,地处柴达木盆地,太阳总辐射及地表反射辐射均较强.1993—2011年19 a的观测结果表明:反射辐射时总量的变化规律与总辐射时总量同步,只是量值比较小,总辐射瞬时最大值为1 596 W/m2,反射辐射瞬时最大值为383 W/m2;总辐射日总量、反射辐射日总量的年变化曲线呈不规则的正弦波曲线变化过程,两者变化趋势完全一致;总辐射日总量、反射辐射日总量的年变化、年际变化与日照时数相同,说明日照时数是太阳总辐射、反射辐射的重要影响因素之一;总辐射日总量、反射辐射日总量均是夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,反射比是冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;反射比分布主要与太阳高度角的变化有关,反射比的大小取决于地面的性质和状态,地面被积雪覆盖时,各时及日反射比值明显大于晴天和土壤潮湿的时期. 相似文献
11.
Li Zongxing Feng Qi Zhang Wei He Yuanqing Wang Xufeng Norm Catto An Wenlin Du Jiankuo Chen Aifang Liu Li Hu Meng 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):305-321
Total hours of sunshine are one of the most important factors affecting climate and environment, and its long-term variation is of much concern in climate studies. Trends of temporal and spatial patterns in sunshine hours and related climatic factors over southwestern China are evaluated for the period 1961–2009 based on data from 111 standard meteorological stations. The results showed that southwestern China is experiencing a statistical decrease of sunshine hours, at the rate of 31.9 h/10a during 1961–2009. The decline was particularly strong in summer, whereas it is nonsignificant in winter. Spatially, statistically significant decreases of sunshine hours mainly occurred in lower altitude regions, especially in the Sichuan basin and Guizhou plateau. Sunshine hours have a high correlation with wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, surface downwards solar radiation flux, and cloud water content, with wind speed showing the strongest relationship to sunshine hours, implicit in the close correlation (temporally and spatially) between the two variables. Changing water vapor and cloud cover influence sunshine hours in southwestern China. In addition, the increased surface downwards solar radiation flux also made some contribution to a rise of sunshine hours during 1991–2009. The larger decreasing trends of sunshine hours at urban stations than rural stations may reflect the effect of urbanization on sunshine hours. Variations are dominated by the comprehensive functions of multiple factors owing to the complex nature of effects on sunshine hours. 相似文献
12.
Analysis of 40 year records of solar radiation data in Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou in Eastern China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary In this paper, we analyze global, direct and diffuse solar radiation data on a horizontal surface observed at stations in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for the period of 1961 to 2000. The data include monthly averages of the daily clearness index (G/G0: the ratio of global to extraterrestrial solar radiation) and the diffuse fraction (D/G: the ratio of diffuse to global solar radiation. The present study has processed and analyzed the data, including variables or statistics of mean, and annual monthly and daily total, the diurnal variation and the frequency of daily totals of global solar radiation. A correlation between daily values of clearness index and diffuse fraction is obtained and recommended correlation equations were calculated. The annual variations and trend of yearly series are analyzed for daily global, direct and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, as well as for daily clearness index and diffuse fraction in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. The results show: 1) the east China is characterized by a decrease in global and direct radiation and a little increase in diffuse radiation and a negative linear relationship was obtained between clearness index and diffuse fraction. 2) The annual variations of global, direct and diffuse radiation for Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou are similar with relative low values of global and direct radiation in June due to the Meiyu period. 3) The acceleration of air pollution and decrease of relative sunshine are the possible causes for the decrease of global and direct radiation. 相似文献
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利用1961—2020年河西走廊3个太阳辐射站和19个气象站资料,推算河西走廊各站太阳总辐射量,得出该地区太阳总辐射空间分布和时间变化特征,进一步采用相关系数法分析了太阳总辐射的气候影响因素。结果表明：(1)太阳总辐射空间分布在年及春、夏、秋季呈西北向东南递减,冬季呈西北向东南增加。(2)太阳总辐射在月际和季节分布上呈单峰型,5月最强,12月最弱,夏季最强,冬季最弱。(3)年太阳总辐射呈增加趋势,其线型倾向率为6.3 MJ/(m2·10 a),其中夏、秋、冬季总辐射呈减少趋势,夏季下降最明显,而春季呈明显增加趋势。(4)年、季总辐射都表现出2～3、5～6 a短周期及8～10 a长周期振荡。(5)太阳总辐射量与相对湿度、降水量、总云量、低云量及浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴日数总体呈负相关,与气温和日照时数呈正相关。(6)河西走廊太阳能资源丰富程度和稳定度表现一致,都呈现为由西北向东南递减的趋势,资源相对丰富的地区稳定度也相对较高。 相似文献
15.
Black carbon(BC) reduces the photolysis coefficient by absorbing solar radiation, thereby affecting the concentration of ozone(O_3) near the ground. The influence of BC on O_3 has thus received much attention. In this study, Mie scattering and the tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model are used to analyze the effect of BC optical properties on radiation. Combined with data of O_3 precursors in Nanjing in 2014, an EKMA curve is drawn, and the variations in O_3 concentration are further investigated using a zero-dimensional box mechanism model(NCAR MM). When O_3 precursors are unchanged, radiation and O_3 show a highly similar tendency in response to changing BC optical properties(R=0.997).With the increase of modal radius, the attenuation of fresh BC to radiation and O_3 first trends upward before decreasing. In the mixing process, the attenuation of BC to radiation and O_3 presents an upward tendency with the increase of relative humidity but decreases rapidly before increasing slowly with increasing thickness of coating. In addition, mass concentration is another major factor. When the BC to PM2.5 ratio increases to 5% in Nanjing, the radiation decreases by approximately 0.13%–3.71% while O_3 decreases by approximately 8.13%–13.11%. The radiative effect of BC not only reduces O_3 concentration but also changes the EKMA curve. Compared with the NOx control area, radiation has a significant influence on the VOCs control area. When aerosol optical depth(AOD) increases by 17.15%, the NOx to VOCs ratio decreases by 8.27%, and part of the original NOx control area is transferred to the VOCs control area. 相似文献
16.
1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射变化特征及云对其影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于我国100个地面站点的地面太阳总辐射、日平均云量资料分析1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射(Surface Solar Radiation,SSR)变化特征及云在不同时期对SSR的影响。结果显示:1961～2009年我国SSR经历了先下降后上升的变化过程,其中1961～1990年SSR显著下降("变暗"),下降速率为-4.3%/10 a(7.87 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势比较一致;1990年后SSR开始上升("变亮"),上升速率为2.8%/10 a(2.4 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势不如前一阶段一致,但没有显著的地域分布特征。晴空条件的设置对1961～1990年各站点SSR变化特征影响不大,仍为大范围下降("变暗"),但对1990～2009年的结果影响显著。相比全天空条件的结果,晴空条件下1990～2009年我国SSR变化有明显的南北特征,南方地区以"变亮"为主,而北方地区大多继续"变暗",但"变暗"速度减缓。1961～1990年我国总云量总体呈小幅下降趋势,下降速率很慢,这一时期总云量与全天空SSR没有很好的对应关系;1990～2009年我国总云量总体呈小幅上升趋势,有显著的南北分布差异,北方地区以上升趋势为主,南方地区以下降趋势为主,期间云量与全天空情况下SSR有很好的对应关系。这些结果表明,在"变暗"阶段,云对SSR的作用不显著,而在"变亮"阶段,云的作用变得较为突出。 相似文献
17.
杜军剑 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(4):45-50
基于焉耆国家基准气候站1993-2012年逐月太阳总辐射和日照观测资料以及和静、巴音布鲁克1961-2012年月日照百分率资料,建立回归分析方程,推算和静县山区及平原地区逐月的太阳总辐射,对比分析了和静县山区及平原地区太阳总辐射变化特征,从太阳能资源丰富度、资源稳定性及可利用价值等方面对和静县太阳能资源状况进行评估。结果表明：1961-2012年和静县平原及山区太阳总辐射均呈减少的趋势,平原地区7月太阳总辐射最多,山区5月最多,最少值均出现在1月;平原地区属太阳能资源很丰富区,山区为丰富区;平原地区及山区太阳能资源均较稳定;平原地区年平均可利用太阳辐射的天数为286 d,山区为267 d;平原和山区一天中上午和中午是最有利的利用时段。 相似文献
18.
ZHANG Hu YIN Qing Teruyuki NAKAJIMA Nakata Mukai MAKIKO LU Peng HE Jinhai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(1):87-97
The long-term trends of total surface solar radiation(SSR),surface diffuse radiation,and surface air temperature were analyzed in this study based on updated 48-yr data from 55 observational stations in China,and then the correlation between SSR and the diurnal temperature range(DTR) was studied.The effect of total solar radiation on surface air temperature in China was investigated on the basis of the above analyses.A strong correlation between SSR and DTR was found for the period 1961-2008 in China.The highest correlation and steepest regression line slope occurred in winter,indicating that the solar radiation effect on DTR was the largest in this season.Clouds and water vapor have strong influences on both SSR and DTR,and hence on their relationship.The largest correlations between SSR and DTR occurred in wintertime in northern China,regardless of all-day(including clear days and cloudy days) or clear-day cases.Our results also showed that radiation arriving at the surface in China decreased significantly during 1961-1989(dimming period),but began to increase during 1990-2008(brightening period),in agreement with previous global studies.The reduction of total SSR offset partially the greenhouse warming during 1961-1989.However,with the increase of SSR after 1990,this offsetting effect vanished;on the contrary,it even made a contribution to the accelerated warming.Nonetheless,the greenhouse warming still played a controlling role because of the increasing of minimum and mean surface temperatures in the whole study period of 1961-2008.We estimated that the greenhouse gases alone may have caused surface temperatures to rise by 0.31-0.46℃(10 yr) 1 during 1961-2008,which is higher than previously estimated.Analysis of the corresponding changes in total solar radiation,diffuse radiation,and total cloud cover indicated that the dimming and brightening phenomena in China were likely attributable to increases in absorptive and scattering aerosols in the atmosphere,respectively. 相似文献
19.
环渤海地区1961—2010年太阳总辐射时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1961—2010年环渤海地区4个辐射站太阳总辐射资料和56个台站日照百分率资料,研究了该地区太阳总辐射的时空分布及变化特征。同时利用1991—2010年太阳总辐射数据初步分析了环渤海地区太阳能资源潜力。结果表明：年内太阳辐射呈单峰型,5月最高,4—8月是太阳能资源最丰富的时期;1961—2010年太阳总辐射在1990年之前呈显著下降,之后没有明显变化趋势;太阳总辐射趋势变化在环渤海地区有明显的空间差异,下降幅度最大的集中于京津塘周边地区以及山东中南部地区;四季总辐射均呈显著下降趋势,其中春、夏两季降幅略高,秋、冬两季降幅略低;1991—2010年环渤海地区太阳总辐射呈西北部高,向东、南方向递减的分布特征。 相似文献