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1.
AbstractIt is widely recognized that stakeholder engagement processes produce advantages, but few studies acknowledge that they also can produce disadvantages. There is a global need to better assess stakeholder engagement processes by defining success and developing new methods to analyze stakeholder participation data. Our method of digitizing and coding stakeholder communications (1) produces a wide range of analyses, (2) tells the story of governance over time, (3) is comparable with other datasets, and (4) can be used wherever public documents exist. We demonstrate the utility of these integrated methods by examining statewide differences in public participation and success rates in Alaska’s Board of Fisheries’ (Board) proposal process. We determine that significantly different participation and success rates across the state indicate the existence of disadvantages and the need for further investigation into the equity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Board process. 相似文献
2.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):233-242
Abstract Concern about the health of American democracy mounts as a result of the large body of literature documenting chronically low levels of voter turnout among young people in particular. A volunteer, nonprofit organization called “Kids Voting, USA” was formed in the late 1980s to try to tackle the specific problem of encouraging young adults to vote. In cooperation with school districts, the program includes some grade-specific curricula and culminates on Election Day with kids voting in polling booths set up alongside official ones. Existing assessments of the program's impact have been very positive. Particularly hopeful is one study that concludes that the program's strongest effects are found in mobilizing those least advantaged in terms of the customary correlates of political participation. Our ecological analysis, based on the actual turnout rates in the Kids Voting elections for participating schools in Erie County, NY (N = 222), suggests that such conclusions are perhaps overly optimistic. Patterns in the geography and social ecology of participation in Kids Voting elections unfortunately look quite similar to those related to variations in the official electoral process. Although Kids Voting programs may have a salutary effect stimulating political involvement among the young, further reforms seem necessary if they are to reach their full potential. 相似文献
3.
R. Alan Walks 《Area》2010,42(1):7-24
Gated communities have been characterised as representing processes of 'forting up' and 'civic secession', in which their residents use gating as a strategy for withdrawing from political life and from taking collective responsibility for others. The assumption is that the residents of private gated communities should be less likely to participate in political life, and/or be more likely to support political parties on the right who advocate privatisation, reduced government expenditures and lower taxes. If the act of living in a gated community is associated with either greater support for parties and policies on the right of the political spectrum, or limited political participation, then the growth of such forms of privatised communities has potential implications for the future of urban politics and even for national political systems. However, despite surveys that have dealt with social attitudes 'behind the gates', insufficient attention has been paid to the politics of gated community residents. This paper fills this gap through a comparative analysis of electoral behaviour during the 2006 federal election at the level of the polling station. Electoral participation and partisanship in 27 gated communities in three Canadian metropolitan areas is compared against that of non-gated residents. Regression analysis is conducted in order to determine whether gated community residents differ from their non-gated counterparts in the way they vote and their levels of electoral turnout, after controlling for social composition. The potential implications of this research are then discussed. 相似文献
4.
'In the shadow of hierarchy': meta-governance, policy reform and urban regeneration in the West Midlands 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mark Whitehead 《Area》2003,35(1):6-14
This paper explores the relationship between political hierarchy and the complex webs of political organization associated with urban governance. Deploying the concept of meta-governance and a study of urban policy reform in the West Midlands region of England, this paper claims that state and governmental hierarchies continue to have a crucial role in coordinating the activities of governance regimes in the UK. This paper concludes by considering the effects of hierarchical power on the systems of political participation and representation that are associated with urban governance. 相似文献
5.
以往社区参与旅游发展主要从类型学或系统论视角进行剖析,较少从过程视角对社区居民的持续旅游参与行为展开研究。本文将旅游承诺行为作为居民持续旅游参与行为的概念表征,以揭示社区参与旅游发展的过程与机理。本研究以北京市级民俗户为研究对象,借鉴外围赌注理论的思想内涵,运用结构方程模型探索旅游增权与旅游承诺行为间的关系,以阐释社区居民持续旅游参与行为的动力机制与过程。研究结论表明：① 旅游增权对旅游承诺行为具有显著正向影响,其中社会增权与旅游承诺行为之间显著正相关,而经济和政治增权与旅游承诺行为之间显著负相关;② 居民感知旅游发展阶段在旅游增权与旅游承诺行为间发挥调节作用,当居民感知社区旅游处于起步、增长或转型阶段时,旅游增权对旅游承诺行为的影响作用相对较强;③ 基于居民感知旅游发展阶段的差异,旅游增权各维度与旅游承诺行为间的显著性关系也有所差异。本文结论对研究社区居民可持续旅游参与行为和维系社区居民参与旅游发展的积极性具有一定的理论和现实指导意义。 相似文献
6.
CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN THE DECENTRALISATION OF BRAZIL'S WATER RESOURCES: ASSESSING PARTICIPATION IN THREE STATES 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christian Brannstrom James Clarke Mariana Newport 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(3):304-321
Decentralisation, the transfer of powers to a lower level of government, is thought to encourage more efficient and equitable management of natural resources. Participation of civil society organisations (CSOs) is considered critical to create positive outcomes of decentralisation. Here we examine aspects of civil society participation in decentralised management using the case of Brazil's water resources management. Several Brazilian states have enacted reforms mandating watershed committees in which the participation of civil society is either encouraged or required. However, actual participation of civil society is not yet well understood. To assess participation, we collected qualitative data on watershed districts in three Brazilian states (Bahia, Paraná and São Paulo). Our findings reaffirm the importance of the state in establishing a transparent legal framework to encourage participation and in defining “civil society”. The ability of civil society leaders to obtain and deploy local environmental knowledge, which frames environmental issues in new geographical scales, is useful to achieve the efficiency and efficacy objectives of decentralisation. However, by “upscaling” political activities beyond decentralisation's new territories, CSOs could make decentralisation irrelevant to local environmental issues. 相似文献
7.
中非合作正在成为国际政治和经济舞台上的重要事件。本文选用Endnote和Antconc等信息提取软件对国内外知名文献库中收录的有关中非合作的文章进行了梳理。以“中非合作”作为模糊关键词,对Web of Science、Taylor & Francis、Elsevier和中国知网四大数据库进行搜索,得到相关中外文文献共计623篇。分析发现,中外学者对中非合作议题的关注多集中于政治学和经济学的学科分析框架之下,其他学科视角相对缺乏。从人文地理学视角来看,尽管也有部分经济地理和政治地理学者对该话题进行了探讨,但并未完全脱离政治学和经济学的分析框架,且数量较少、未能体系化。因此,本文从与中非合作最为紧密的政治地理、旅游地理以及社会文化地理等三个方向提出了未来可能成为中非合作研究热点话题的基本研究框架。鉴此,随着国家“一带一路”倡议的逐步实施,期望未来能有更多人文地理学者投入到中非合作研究中,积极发挥中国地理学“走出国门”的大国智力责任和担当,为中非合作研究与实践作出自己的贡献。 相似文献
8.
作为一种新的旨在刺激举办地经济发展的、具有潜在高风险的公共政策,奥运会、世博会等重大事件有广泛的公众参与要求．而事实上公众很少能参与重大事件的决策过程。本文从参与领域、途径和保障等角度．对国外重大事件公众参与的实践进行了分析,并得出最终结论：在重大事件管理的全过程（研究-申办-筹办-举办-事后管理）．公众都能以不同形式参与进来;而且,只要是事件管理者主动吸收公众参与．他们大都倾向于使用较高级的参与形式。另外,对国外相关事件的公众参与经验进行归纳总结．也能给北京奥运会、上海世博会的组织者带来有益的启示。 相似文献
9.
The subject of commodity cartels has gained the attention of a concerned world since the success of OPEC. The matter is of special importance to both economic and political geographers because of the new spatial patterns that such international groupings appear likely to create. In an effort to satisfy the need for a method of identifying commodities susceptible to cartelization, this paper proposes a graph theoretic model. To illustrate its use, the model is applied here to twelve minerals. The results indicate that the model would have anticipated the success of two existing cartels, the possibilities for a third, and the difficulties attending efforts to create still another. 相似文献
10.
Reflections on participatory research 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Participatory research approaches are increasingly popular with geographers in developed as well as developing countries, as critical qualitative methodologies which at their best work with participants to effect change. This paper adds to recent debates over the methodologies, practices, philosophical and political issues involved. Drawing on a project on young people, exclusion and crime victimization in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, we discuss the limitations of participatory diagramming and illustrate some of the social and political barriers to meaningful participation in, and action from, this type of research. 相似文献
11.
Research relevance, 'knowledge transfer' and the geographies of CASE studentship collaboration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Co-operative Awards in Science and Engineering (CASE) studentship programme of the UK Research Councils provide one example of wider efforts internationally to encourage so-called 'knowledge transfer' and thereby harness publicly supported university research more closely to the goals of national competitiveness, regional economic development and local regeneration. In this paper we describe the implications of how the various UK research councils have interpreted the objectives and beneficiaries of 'knowledge transfer', both for the relative opportunities available to human and physical geographers for collaboration through CASE and for the sorts of values that their research must serve. Then, we draw on unpublished data from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) to explore the geographies of CASE studentship allocation and participation. The broad regional and institutional patterns of participation we describe have important implications for ongoing debates in the UK about research selectivity and the role of the university as an engine of local development, while the striking disciplinary patterns of CASE participation, and in particular the overwhelming success of geographers in this competitive programme, provide an opportunity to reassess claims about whether and for whom geographical research is relevant. 相似文献
12.
旅游地社区参与度熵权层次分析评价模型与应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
建立旅游地社区参与度熵权层次分析评价模型,以周庄、同里、西递、宏村为研究对象,对我国传统村镇旅游地社区参与度进行定量评价。研究表明:(1)旅游规划与决策参与度是影响传统村镇旅游地社区总体参与度的关键性因素;(2)西递处于社区高度参与状态,周庄、同里、宏村处于社区中度参与状态,四个旅游地社区参与度由大到小的顺序为:西递＞周庄＞同里＞宏村;(3)我国传统村镇旅游地居民参与旅游规划与决策的程度偏低,成为影响社区参与度总体得分和社区参与层次的主要原因;(4)导致社区参与度差异的主要因素为传统村镇旅游地在景区经营管理模式、旅游地社会经济发展阶段、社区旅游制度和政策、社区形态与旅游资源属性上存在差异。 相似文献
13.
William G. Moseley 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):593-595
In the past decade, the women's employment rate has increased in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states as a result of improved female educational attainment and the expansion of the local market economy. A significant gender gap in labor force participation (LFP) rates has emerged, however, compared to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The main aim of this article is to model the spatial variations of female LFP rates across the northeastern part of Oman. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique, within the geographic information system platform, is used to address how the relationships between Omani female LFP rates and a set of explanatory variables vary across Omani subnational boundaries. GWR is a powerful approach that can facilitate the identification of areas with lower or higher female LFP rates and help in better understanding the predictors that are associated with women's employment in specific locations. In so doing, this work attempts to fill the gap in the geographic literature regarding the modeling of local spatial patterns of female employment in developing countries. The results show that the female LFP rate is significantly associated with different spatial measures and particularly the geographic distribution of female education. Interestingly, the percentage of female jobs in the public sector is found to have a substantial negative effect on female LFP rates, especially in urban areas. This can be attributed to the propensity of Omani women to work in governmental jobs and reduce their participation in private and other business sectors. The findings of this research analysis not only offer a more nuanced examination of female LFP rate patterns but also provide empirical evidence in support of locally tailored policies pertaining to the female labor force, which might help in increasing women's participation trends in the local economy across local communities. 相似文献
14.
Anne Vogelpohl 《Urban geography》2018,39(9):1345-1365
These days, it is often claimed that democratic procedures are under threat. The detachment of policy decisions from political debates is partly a result of the increasing influence of non-elected organizations and experts. Following a conceptual discussion of the spatiality of democracy, this paper focuses on management consultants as constraint on collective political participation in urban development; namely on McKinsey and Roland Berger. (De-)democratization is assessed alongside processes of inclusion and exclusion of both topics and people from political decisions. Based on a comparison of strategy-making projects in six German cities, the findings reveal three different types of urban policymaking ranging between expert-led and participatory versions. Despite the differences, each of the projects relied on a notion of passive citizens, who primarily need to be “gotten on board” and who lack the power to make decisions. This paper exposes the political tactics involved in an expert-influenced curtailment of democratic procedures. 相似文献
15.
Local governance involves coalitions between public and private actors on policy issues. Actors participating in these coalitions may vary according to the issue in question, even within the same city. Based on a survey carried out among actors from different sectors of the local political community in four Spanish cities, governance networks are analyzed across five different issues: public housing, cultural tourism, urban regeneration, social policy, and citizen participation. Using network analysis and indexes in a comparative examination of 20 policy networks, we show that variations across networks are explained by policy issue content and supra-municipal regulations, regardless of the cities’ political characteristics. 相似文献
16.
Owen J. Dwyer 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(4):441-451
This paper surveys research about African Americans in six geography journals between 1911 and 1995. 176 journal articles about African Americans were identified. A chronological analysis of a subset of these articles shows that it was not until the 1960s that African Americans were studied to any appreciable degree by geographers. Since that time, geographers have continued this research, but unevenly; annual output varies widely. Popular topics have included considerations of spatial distributions, social problems, political participation, the development of black residence areas, and historical and cultural studies of African Americans. Recent research in this area has problematized the concept of “race” and investigated the mutual constitution of racial identity and place. 相似文献
17.
国际上的政治地理学研究进展与启示————对《Political Geography》杂志2005-2015年载文的分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对国际上的政治地理学旗舰性杂志《Political Geography》2005-2015年期间391篇成果的分析,总结出国际政治地理学研究的主要研究议题为:边境与边界,环境政治,空间与尺度,领土和主权以及安全问题,选举地理,社会和文化政治,其中空间与尺度,领土和主权以及安全问题,社会和文化政治几个方向研究成果占较大比例,而其他三个方向则相对较少.通过研究方法分析发现,国际政治地理学主要采用定性分析的方法,尤其是民族志和文本分析的方法,定量分析的使用存在一定的局限性.最后,从该杂志的研究对象和研究机构两个方面的分析归纳出:欧美主导的发达国家(尤其是英国和美国)对世界政治地理学话题的学术霸权与世界南,北差异发展具有一定的相关性.在中国综合国力日渐增强,参与国际事务能力不断提高以及作为新兴的地缘政治力量崛起的社会历史背景下,政治地理学经世致用之能亟待被展现.因此,中国政治地理学发展作为发展中国家的声音势必将越来越洪亮. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents a case study of contemporary urban redevelopment in Syracuse, New York, within a theoretical framework drawn from urban political economy. Our analysis integrates the role of the local state in assuming the financial risk for a redevelopment project with an understanding of the meanings and role of a fabricated cultural landscape in ensuring the success of the project. We argue that the urban landscape is fundamentally embedded and implicated in the ongoing political economy of American urban places. 相似文献
19.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):213-226
Recently, increased attention has been paid to the importance of everyday landscapes in the Western world, and a stronger political will to involve local participation in planning processes has emerged. The authors discuss the implementation of the political will to engage the Norwegian public in local heritage planning and whether or not this new role can have a mobilising effect on heritage protection. In Norway, cultural heritage managers have established methods for identifying valuable heritage assets in cultural historic landscapes. As increased responsibility for cultural heritage management is given to municipalities, more municipalities are making their own heritage plans to improve local heritage management. The article investigates how cultural heritage management in everyday landscapes is taking place, how heritage plans are developed, how local knowledge is involved, and what assets local residents appreciate in their environment, based on an in-depth study of two medium-sized Norwegian regional towns. The results show that local stakeholders were often invited to participate in planning processes, but that their contributions were largely kept out of official plans at the final stage. Further, the study revealed that memories and personal histories related to heritage appreciations are important elements in building identity, both at a personal level and at a local level. 相似文献
20.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):441-451
This paper surveys research about African Americans in six geography journals between 1911 and 1995. 176 journal articles about African Americans were identified. A chronological analysis of a subset of these articles shows that it was not until the 1960s that African Americans were studied to any appreciable degree by geographers. Since that time, geographers have continued this research, but unevenly; annual output varies widely. Popular topics have included considerations of spatial distributions, social problems, political participation, the development of black residence areas, and historical and cultural studies of African Americans. Recent research in this area has problematized the concept of “race” and investigated the mutual constitution of racial identity and place. 相似文献