共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
基于PRB数据构建三维地质模型的技术方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年开始数字地质填图技术在全国区调中全面推广应用,运用数字地质填图过程中获取的PRB数据直接构建浅部三维地质模型具有重要研究意义。构建三维地质模型的关键是三维地质界面的构建,本文重点阐述了断层面、第四系界面、地层面、岩体界面、残留顶盖界面、俘虏体界面等6种主要地质界面的构建流程与方法。面的构建时应先创建模型的边界面(DEM面、模型的底界面、模型的四周边界面),再建断层面,最后按地质体新老顺序依次构建其他地质界面,构建地质界面时应遵循"野外路线数据为主要数据,地下地质数据为约束数据"的原则。该方法建立的地质界面与地表填图数据和地下地质数据都能够完全吻合,建立的地质界面精度高且美观,但受地表产状可推测深度的限制,该方法仅适用于浅部三维地质模型的构建,但构建的模型可以作为深部三维地质建模的参考与约束。建模单元可以与地表填图单元相同,也可以进行少量的合并,模型可达到的精度较高,模型的精度取决于野外填图路线数据的精度和数量,尤其是野外路线中的点间界线和有效产状的精度和数量。为了保证模型的精度,在野外路线填图过程中应尽量保证每条野外路线中的点间界线(B)都具有有效产状,在地质界线产状变化较大的部位需要适量增加产状数据。 相似文献
2.
基于地质剖面构建三维地质模型的方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地质剖面是三维地质建模的重要数据源,运用地质剖面构建三维地质模型的方法应用较为广泛。在模型构建之前,统一确定模数据的坐标系和比例足,建立原始资料数据库。构建三维地质模型的关键是不同地质界面。本文详细介绍了模型边界面、断层面、地层界面、岩体界面等4种主要地质界面的构建流程与方法,尤其对褶皱构造、地层界面的断层效应、复杂岩体界面等的构建进行了重点阐述按模型边界面(模型的底界面和四周边界面)、DEM面、断层面、其他地质界面的顺序依次构建地质界面,构建断层面和其他地质界面时严格按先新后老的顺序。运用已构建好的地质界面按先新后老的顺序逐个、依次建立单个地质体,再将所有地质体的面模型组合成整个模型的面模型。通过对面模型进行网格(实体)填充和对网格赋予相应的属性值,最终构建三维地质模型。 相似文献
3.
综合物探技术在钟姑地区三维地质填图和成矿预测中的应用效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钟姑地区位于长江中下游成矿带,具有优越的成矿地质条件。本文通过在测区开展面积性和剖面重磁电测量,以岩石物性为基础,用已有地质钻孔资料做约束,对物探数据进行处理和反演计算,推断13条控制性剖面-2000m以浅地质结构,结合界面反演等处理方法,获得了测区主要地层界面埋深数据,编制了各个深度的地质中断图;在此基础上进行典型矿区分析和总结,建立地质-物探成矿模式,在合理的定向分析及定量计算条件下,圈定找矿靶区。 相似文献
4.
Xuliang Feng 《地球科学进展》2019,34(1):57-71
Inversion of density interfaces using gravity data has traditionally been an important part of gravity research, and plays an increasingly important role in areas such as regional tectonic research and oil and gas exploration.The density interface inversion methods can be divided into the frequency domain and spatial domain methods according to different computing domains. The frequency domain inversion methods have been considered in previous literature. This paper briefly introduced the rationale and the advance of the direct iterative method, the ridge regression method and the regularization method,which are most studied and used among the spatial domain methods. The performance of the three methods showed that the inversion results of the direct iteration method and the ridge regression method are both the smooth shape density interfaces, while the regularization method can estimate the density interfaces of non-smooth morphology, and is convenient to add prior constraint information. The inversion results of density interface are greatly determined by the precision of potential field separation. The prior information should be used as constraints for gravity field separation as far as possible or the layer-by-layer separation technique could be adopted. The density contrast of the density interface also has noticeable impact on the inversion result. It is necessary to make full use of the rock density data to build a three-dimensional density contrast variation model that conforms to the tectonic features to improve the inversion accuracy.In terms of the theory of inversion method, it is also necessary to combine prior constraint information (which can be obtained through drilling and seismic data, etc.) to improve the accuracy of inversion.More importantly, it is necessary to define the corresponding relationship between the inverted density interface and the geological structure interface in order to evaluate the inversion results correctly.Finally, this paper discussed the developing trend and study emphasis for density interface inversion.The inversion methods that are suitable for large regional or global scale need to be studied with the rapid development of gravity observation technology and the diversification of research objectives. With the increasing difficulty of geological target exploration, it is also urgent to study the optimal single-density interface inversion method conforming to the tectonic features and develop the multi-layer density interface inversion method. 相似文献
5.
Recent studies have used the relative rotation axis of sigmoidal and spiral‐shaped inclusion trails, known as Foliation Inflexion/Intersection Axis (FIA), to investigate geological processes such as fold mechanisms and porphyroblast growth. The geological usefulness of this method depends upon the accurate measurement of FIA orientations and correct correlation of temporally related FIAs. This paper uses new data from the Canton Schist to assess the variation in FIA orientations within and between samples, and evaluates criteria for correlating FIAs. For the first time, an entire data set of FIA measurements is published, and data are presented in a way that reflects the variation in FIA orientations within individual samples and provides an indication of the reliability of the data. Analysis of 61 FIA trends determined from the Canton Schist indicate a minimum intrasample range in FIA orientations of 30°. Three competing models are presented for correlation of these FIAs, and each of the models employ different correlation criteria. Correlation of FIAs in Model 1 is based on relative timing and textural criteria, while Model 2 uses relative timing, orientation and patterns of changing FIA orientations, and Model 3 uses relative timing and FIA orientation as correlation criteria. Importantly, the three models differ in the spread of FIA orientations within individual sets, and the number of sets distinguished in the data. Relative timing is the most reliable criterion for correlation, followed by textural criteria and patterns of changing FIA orientations from core to rim of porphyroblasts. It is proposed that within a set of temporally related FIAs, the typical spread of orientations involves clustering of data in a 60° range, but outliers occur at other orientations including near‐normal to the peak distribution. Consequently, in populations of FIA data that contain a wide range of orientations, correlation on the basis of orientation is unreliable in the absence of additional criteria. The results of this study suggest that FIAs are best used as semiquantitative indicators of bulk trends rather than an exact measurement for the purpose of quantitative analyses. 相似文献
6.
针对高斯混合模型(GMM)在空间聚类中由于忽视目标对象之间的空间关联性而导致的高误判率等问题,本文提出了一种顾及梯度的高斯混合模型:GMM-G,并将其应用在三维属性场的空间聚类中。GMM-G用反映标量场最大属性变化方向的梯度因子来定义邻域规则,设定梯度正交平面所通过的邻域体元更倾向于与中心体元归属于相同或相近的类别;并据此设计了符合归一性和空间连续性的空间邻域信息函数,来定义中心体元属于各类别的具有空间领域规则约束的后验概率。通过对由蒙特卡洛随机抽样构建的实验场的空间聚类结果进行对比表明,相对GMM方法,GMM-G具有更优的聚类精度及效率。最后,把GMM-G方法用于红透山铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的空间聚类,得到了与已知岩性划分具有较高匹配度的分类结果,该方法可为物性属性场的岩性划分及地质推断提供相关的依据和参考。 相似文献
7.
梯度作为标量场在空间上最重要的微观变化特征,能较好地反映其在空间上的变化趋势。本文介绍了中心差分算子、相邻梯度因子和Sobel梯度算子三种梯度数值算法。以点电荷在三维空间中产生的电势场构造了一标量场,通过理论公式求解了其梯度值,并将理论梯度值与三种数值算法的结果进行了对比与统计分析,验证了三种梯度数值算法的有效性和适用性。结果表明,排除场源的影响后,Sobel梯度算子相较其它两种数值算法更逼近于理论梯度值。最后,利用Sobel梯度算子求取了某铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的梯度场,用梯度场刻画了视电阻率在空间上的变化趋势,提高了对三维地下空间的电性分布规律和地质情况的认识。 相似文献
8.
Michael S. Riley 《Mathematical Geology》2004,36(6):683-702
A statistical, rule-based algorithm for generating fracture patterns similar to those observed in Limestone is presented. For each fracture set, initial seed points are randomly positioned within the modelled domain with the same density as the fractures observed in the field. An orientation is associated with each point by sampling from the distribution of orientations for the corresponding fracture set. Fractures are then allowed to grow from the seed points in both directions with this orientation until they meet other fractures whereupon they continue or terminate according to a fixed probability. A mathematical analysis of this method is presented for the case in which fractures within a set are assumed to be parallel. Approximations to the distribution of semi-trace lengths are derived which are shown to be in good agreement with simulation results. Fracture spacing distributions are also derived for this case. 相似文献
9.
计算模拟已成为研究矿田深部三维构造重要可行手段,对深部找矿具有重要意义。基于铜官山矿田地质背景及所获勘查数据特征,我们采用知识驱动下多级约束和多源数据融合建模方法模拟矿田范围内–2000 m以上主要地质界面。以逆冲推覆导致断展–断弯褶皱理论模式解释大地测深的电阻率数据,推断地质界面位置,在Micromine-GOCAD耦合平台上在多级约束下融合多源的界面位置数据,以离散光滑插值算法和Delaunay三角网剖分法重构主要地质界面,在计算机虚拟空间再现矿田三维构造格架。结果显示:铜官山岩体和天鹅抱蛋岩体三维形态变化复杂,总体上向西倾,向深部岩体规模快速变小。位于铜官山岩体东接触带的铜官山铜矿田深部无找矿潜力,原因是接触带产状变陡,并且是岩体直接与上泥盆统砂岩接触;矿田深部主要构造为走向NE并沿倾向弯曲的逆冲推覆断层;铜官山背斜东翼含矿的中–上石炭统层位向深部倒转后又在–1200 m至–1500 m深度返转成向东南缓倾的正常层位,其底部与逆冲推覆断层重合,是深部找矿的有利靶区。 相似文献
10.
3D geological modeling should be an effective tool for accurately representing the geometric structure boundary and internal property fields of geological body. However, conventional methods have rarely focused on the expression of geological heterogeneous properties, known as 4D modeling. A volume function is defined as a piecewise mathematic function that describes a parameterized geological property field and created by fitting the property functions of certain 3D voxels. The quadratic generalized tri-prism volume function (QGTPVF) model is proposed for representing geological property fields with a sedimentary strata structure based on the volume function method and generalized tri-prism (GTP) voxel model. A QGTPVF is designed for borehole sample points, and it interpolates geological properties by fitting quadratic volume functions combined with the influence of geological geometric structure constraints, including stratum interfaces and fault planes. This research mainly focuses on the QGTPVF definition and fitting method, single GTP volume function is a continuous quadratic function, and a property smoothing along directionally adjacent bedding GTPs method is also studied, so geological property field is also expressed by the smooth function. A preprocessing method of faults geological structures is given, and the general framework QGTPVF is also discussed for practical applications. The QGTPVF model could be converted to tetrahedron voxel and 3D grid models for calculation and analysis easily. An example on a porosity property field is studied to verify the method’s accuracy and reliability by comparing to Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation methods, and the result of accuracy and time complexity are better, so the QGTPVF provides a new solution for modeling geological property fields. 相似文献
11.
场源中心位置的计算是重磁数据反演的主要任务之一,现主要通过异常与场源位置之间的数学物理方程来估算地质体的位置.为了快速、准确获得地质体的位置信息,提出基于重磁梯度比值的深度学习技术实现场源位置的获取;其利用深度学习技术所建立的重磁梯度比值水平分布与地质体埋深、构造指数的关系,快速实现异常场源位置计算,且提出利用多个值的相互关系来更加准确、稳定地计算出地质体的信息.该方法可以计算复杂地质体的中心位置,且避免了以往线性方程反演方法需对结果进行筛选的复杂过程,对于存在剩磁的磁异常则采用解析信号的深度学习方法来进行位置反演.理论模型试验证明利用梯度比值的深度学习方法可以准确获得地质体的深度,且通过对比更多点的深度学习计算结果发现,采用多个不同比例极值点可以减弱噪声带来的干扰,从而得到更加准确的位置.最后将该方法应用于实测磁异常的反演工作,获得了地下磁性物体的中心位置,且计算结果与欧拉反褶积法相接近,因此该方法具有良好的实用性. 相似文献
12.
He-Jun Chai Jun-Jie Wang Sheng-Chuan Tang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(3):315-323
The visualization of rock structure is a very useful and important technique in many aspects in geological and geotechnical
engineering such as investigating and evaluating the stability of a high rock slope. The conventional method used to visualize
rock structure is limited to plotting the orientation of individual discontinuities by using the Schmidt stereographic net.
The present paper shows a new technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses. The fitting function
for three-dimensional rock structure was established based on data gathered from field survey. Two fitting methods by which
the discontinuous points gathered from a plane and discrete points from field survey were fitted respectively are suggested.
The technique to visualize the three-dimensional structure of rock masses includes many aspects such as projection transformation,
blanking and mutual cutting, are investigated. Based on the visualizing technique, the rock structure at the site of Xilupdu dam which is being built in Southwest of China was investigated. 相似文献
13.
重磁位场数据处理解释的主要任务之一是研究推断地质体的边界位置,而通过对重磁位场数据进行一定方法滤波处理后的相关图件可直观显示地质体的边界。小子域滤波法是众多滤波方法中的一种,前人利用小子域滤波法识别地质体边界位置有较多的研究,目前已有10种类型的小子域滤波法,但是鲜有对10种方法滤波效果的系统研究,给使用者带来诸多不便。因此,设计2组理论模型对比了10种方法的处理效果,并根据试验分析优选了最佳的滤波参数。理论模型与实际资料处理结果表明,滑动形子域滤波法对地质体边界增强的效果最好,且滤波窗口选择5×5数据点、迭代1次即可;对称形子域滤波法在滤除随机噪声的同时能够较好的保持原始异常场的梯度变化特征,滤波窗口选择5×5数据点、迭代2次较好。 相似文献
14.
通过野外地质调查与机器学习方法的有机融合,提出了一种基于梯度提升决策树算法的岩性单元填图方法。研究以多龙矿集区为模型试验区,选择1∶5万勘查地球化学数据为基础预测数据,以1∶5万区域地质图为参考,进行基于梯度提升决策树算法的岩性预测填图模型试验。首先选择研究区内小范围空白区开展野外填图,建立原始数据集并初步构建岩性单元与预测数据对应关系;其次利用机器学习方法对预测数据进行多分类任务,进而开展目标填图区预测填图工作;最后通过概率选区选定概率较低目标区,开展进一步的小范围野外地质调查填图,对原始数据和知识库进行补充,迭代循环以上流程,直至预测填图达到要求。试验显示,随着迭代次数的增加,模型精度不断提高,并在7次迭代后模型准确率达到87%。该方法强调在实际应用中野外地质调查与基于机器学习预测填图的深度融合,以及野外实地工作在整个流程中的重要性和不可或缺性;同时能够充分挖掘已有数据资料的有用信息,用于辅助修正已有岩性填图内容,或根据已勘探区资料对邻近的未勘探区进行岩性分类,有效减少野外填图工作量,是对岩性填图方法、地质单元定量预测识别的有益探索,为区域地质填图工作提供了新的参考思路和辅助手段。 相似文献
15.
Automatic methods used in geosciences to interpolate between orientation data have often limited applicability and strength, in particular where large ranges of orientations occur. In this paper, we show that geostatistical methods yield rather strong and powerful results when applied to directional data. The procedure involves the calculation of variograms, followed by a kriging interpolation of the data. In order to free from the circular property of directional data, the treatment of initial angular data sets is performed using scalar values provided by the direction cosines of double-angle values. The strength and application of the method are demonstrated by the analysis of theoretical and natural data sets. Natural examples are focused on the calculation and the analysis of cleavage trajectory maps. 相似文献
16.
在砂岩型铀矿地浸工作中,需要精准的识别含铀渗透性地层的岩性界面。传统的地层岩性界面识别一般通过岩心地质观察、实验室分析和综合测井曲线的人工解释等手段,不仅价格高而且周期长。文章以三江盆地ZKQX2钻孔为例,介绍了对三侧向电阻率测井曲线进行连续小波和离散小波变换,绘制小波系数尺度图和高频小波系数曲线图,并综合这两种图件来识别地层岩性界面的方法。将使用该方法识别地层岩性界面的结果与综合岩性柱状图对比,两者具有很好的一致性,表明利用测井曲线的小波分析识别地层岩性界面具有良好的应用效果。 相似文献
17.
An accurate representation of permeability anisotropy is needed to model the rate and direction of groundwater flow correctly.
We develop a wavelet analysis technique that can be used to characterize principal directions of anisotropy in both stationary
and non-stationary permeability fields. Wavelet analysis involves the integral transform of a field using a wavelet as a kernel.
The wavelet is shifted, scaled, and rotated to analyze different locations, sizes, and orientations of the field. The wavelet
variance is used to identify scales and orientations that dominate the field. If the field is non-stationary, such that different
zones of the field are characterized by different dominant scales or orientations, the wavelet variance can identify all dominant
scales and orientations if they are distinct. If the dominant scales and orientations of different zones are similar, the
wavelet variance identifies only the dominant scale and orientation of the primary zone. In this paper, we present a combined
wavelet analysis and filtering approach to identify all dominant scales and orientations in a non-stationary permeability
field. We apply the method to permeability data obtained in the laboratory from the Massillon sandstone. 相似文献
18.
19.
在三维地质建模过程中,通过引入一定数量的虚拟钻孔,对地层分界面几何形态更加精确的控制,不仅能够明显改善地质分界面网格的质量,而且能够提高模型精度和可视化效果。现有虚拟钻孔的引入途径主要通过手工添加实现,受人为主观因素影响较大,且自动化水平低,耗时、费力,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于GIS空间分析的虚拟钻孔确定与实现方法。以地质勘查获取的钻孔数据和地质剖面图为数据源,在ArcGIS平台的支持下,综合运用自动矢量化（Arc Scan）、要素转点（Feature To Point）、创建TIN （Create Tin）、TIN转三角形（Tinto Triangle）、泰森多边形（Create Thiessen Polygons）和相交（Intersect）等空间分析和文件转换工具,分别生成断层构造和建模区域内的二维（2D）虚拟钻孔点;而后,在利用插值工具生成各地层栅格表面的基础上,结合图形插值（Interpolate Shape）工具将2D虚拟钻孔点投影为三维（3D）虚拟钻孔;然后,利用Model Builder可视化建模工具设计了生成虚拟钻孔的模型,实现虚拟钻孔创建的自动化;最后,将获得的3D虚拟钻孔应用于三维地质建模,并进行了建模对比实验,结果表明,该方法具有一定有效性、实用性和可操作性。 相似文献
20.
针对多金属矿勘探中测点坐标的批量生成过程步骤繁琐的问题,文中提出了一种利用CASS8.0直接生成1:1万高精度磁法勘探测点及1:1万激电中梯探测测点坐标的思路。通过利用现有地形地质图以及专业绘图软件CASS8.0在制图及坐标转换方面的优越性,直接生成可以应用于手持GPS测量仪的数据格式文件和绘制出可以用于野外找点的地形地质图,达到测绘坐标点在地图上快速导入导出的效果。在内蒙古自治区额济纳旗黑鹰山南区铅多金属矿普查项目的工作中,针对工区面积大,地形复杂,在工作部署中,需要布置探测点数量庞大,采用原始方法计算并人工将每个测点坐标输入手持GPS定位仪中的工作量大且极易出错,探测点点位不能根据实际地形合理规避危险区域或者障碍物（悬崖、峭壁等）等问题,通过利用黑鹰山南区铅多金属矿普查区地形地质图及CASS8.0绘图方面的优越性,批量对工作部署图中测点进行定位编号并调整,从CASS8.0导出坐标数据点并导入天宝R4 GPS手持定位仪中的方法,避免了人工输入数据出错的问题,合理规划了探测路线,提高工作效率,保障了工作人员的生命安全,该应用表明,此方法在工作部署图绘制中更加直观、方便,解决大面积比例尺工作部署图坐标导出导入问题,并且效率极高,在工作中取得了较好的效果。 相似文献