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1.
《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(5):463-483
Marine clay deposits are encountered in the coastal regions of the world. They are soft in consistency with low shear strength and are highly compressible. The properties of these deposits are complex and diverse, and they mainly depend on the minerals present and microstructural arrangement of constituent particles. In the present investigation, the physico-chemical properties of the sediment samples obtained from marine deposits of east and west metropolitan coastal cities of India are discussed, and the test results obtained are compared with the synthetic samples such as bentonite and kaolinite. Mineralogical and fabric studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. Several consolidation and strength tests were carried out to study the engineering behaviour of these deposits. The strength and compressibility (Cc) values of these deposits varies from 27 to 45 kN/m2 and 0.37 to 0.81 respectively. XRD studies confirm the presence of highly compressible clay minerals such as smectite, vermiculite, chlorite and traces of the low swelling mineral, kaolinite. The fabric studies indicate that the constituent particles were arranged in an open network, or flocculated structure resulting in a high void ratio. 相似文献
2.
Large deposits of marine clays are encountered all along the Indian coastal belt. These clays are pleistocene to recent in origin, are considered to be young, and were deposited in a salt or brackish environment. These clays are very soft in consistency with low in-situ strength and high compressibility. The properties of these soil deposits depend mainly on the clay minerals present. In the present investigation, the mineralogical studies of some Cochin marine clays were carried out using XRD technique. The physical and chemical properties of these deposits were also reported. The test results were compared with some earlier reported works on marine clays. 相似文献
3.
南海粘土矿物组合特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用X射线衍射法(XRD)对南海12个海底表层沉积物和20个悬浮物样品中粘土矿物组成和分布特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)研究区的表层沉积物粘土矿物以伊利石为主,其次为绿泥石、高岭石、伊/蒙间层矿物以及蒙皂石;悬浮物粘土矿物是以绿泥石为主,其次为高岭石、蒙皂石、伊利石以及伊/蒙间层矿物。(2)粘土矿物的组成和分布特征主要受气候条件、物质来源、水动力条件及相互间稀释作用的制约。伊利石的含量随离岸距离和水深的增加呈增大趋势;高岭石则在近岸区特别是河口区富集;绿泥石在西部沿岸海区的含量较低,在东部岛弧和北部台湾岛附近海区的含量较高;蒙皂石与火山作用密切相关,在东部火山岛弧附近海区含量较高。(3)粘土沉积物的来源以河流输入为主,海洋自生和风尘搬运对该区的沉积影响不大。(4)深海悬浮物粘土矿物的组成变化能够很好地指示短尺度气候环境的变迁,伊利石的结晶程度对气候和环境变化反映灵敏,其随所处环境的压力增大而变差。 相似文献
4.
Macro-and Micro-Properties of Two Natural Marine Clays in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper,macro- and micro- properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby tubes for laboratory examination in Shanghai and Zhuhai respectively,two coastal cities in China.In the laboratory tests,macro-properties such as consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength are measured.Moreover,X-ray diffraction test,scanning electron microscope test,and mercury intrusion test are carried out for the investigation of their micro-properties including clay minerals and microstructure.The study shows that:(1) both clays are Holocene series formations,classified as either normal or underconsolidated soils.The initial gradient of the stress-strain curves shows their increase with increasing consolidation pressure;however,the Shanghai and the Zhuhai clays are both structural soils with the latter shown to be more structured than the former.As a result,the Zhuhai clay shows strain softening behavior at low confining pressures,but strain hardening at high pressures.In contrast,the Shanghai clay mainly manifests strain-hardening.(2) An activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.30 for the Shanghai marine clay and from 0.5 to 0.85 for the Zhuhai marine clay.The main clay mineral is illite in the Shanghai clay and kaolinite in the Zhuhai clay.The Zhuhai clay is mainly characterized by a flocculated structure,while the typical Shanghai clay shows a dispersed structure.The porous structure of the Shanghai clay is characterized mainly by large and medium-sized pores,while the Zhuhai clay porous structure is mainly featreed by small and medium-sized pores.The differences in their macro- and micro- properties can he attributed to different sedimentation environments. 相似文献
5.
Rapid industrial growth and increasing population has resulted in the discharge of wastes into the ocean, wastes which ultimately reach the seabed and contaminate the marine sediments. The soil-contaminants interaction, and their associated physico chemical properties with sediments control the behavior of marine clays. Marine clay deposits of low strength and high compressibility are located in many coastal and offshore areas. There are several foundation problems encountered in these weak marine clays. In this study, experimental work was carried out in the laboratory to stabilize soft marine clays using the lime column technique. Also the lime-induced effects on the physical and engineering behavior of marine clays in sulfate-contaminated marine environment was investigated. Consolidation tests indicate that compressibility of the lime-treated samples was reduced to 1/2-1/3 of the virgin soil after 45 days treatment. The test results also suggest that the lime column technique can be conveniently used to improve the behavior of contaminated marine clay deposits. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Rapid industrial growth and increasing population has resulted in the discharge of wastes into the ocean, wastes which ultimately reach the seabed and contaminate the marine sediments. The soil-contaminants interaction, and their associated physico chemical properties with sediments control the behavior of marine clays. Marine clay deposits of low strength and high compressibility are located in many coastal and offshore areas. There are several foundation problems encountered in these weak marine clays. In this study, experimental work was carried out in the laboratory to stabilize soft marine clays using the lime column technique. Also the lime-induced effects on the physical and engineering behavior of marine clays in sulfate-contaminated marine environment was investigated. Consolidation tests indicate that compressibility of the lime-treated samples was reduced to 1/2–1/3 of the virgin soil after 45 days treatment. The test results also suggest that the lime column technique can be conveniently used to improve the behavior of contaminated marine clay deposits. 相似文献
7.
George H. Keller 《Geo-Marine Letters》1982,2(3-4):191-198
Continental slope deposits off Peru and Oregon where coastal upwelling is a pronounced oceanographic process possess significant
concentrations of organic carbon. Geotechnical properties are altered to varying degrees by the organic matter. Organic matter
absorbs water and causes clay-size particles to aggregate forming an open fabric. This causes unusually high water contents
and plasticity and exceptionally low wet bulk densities. Some of these deposits show notable increases in shear strength,
sensitivity and degree of apparent overconsolidation. Owing to the unique geotechnical properties, sediment stability characteristics
are considered to be poor in situations of excess pore pressures. Failure appears to take the form of a fluidized flow somewhat
similar to the quick clays of Scandinavia. 相似文献
8.
Oedometric mechanical compaction tests were performed on brine-saturated synthetic samples consisting of silt-clay mixtures to study changes in microfabric and rock properties as a function of effective stress. The silt consisted of crushed quartz (∼100%) with grain size range between 4 and 40 μm, whereas the clay consisted of 81% kaolinite, 14% mica/illite and 5% microcline of grain size between 0.4 and 30 μm. Five sample pairs ranging in composition from pure silt to pure clay were compacted to 5 and 50 MPa effective stress respectively. SEM studies were carried out to investigate microfabric changes in the mechanically compacted silt-clay mixtures. The degree of alignment of the different minerals present (quartz, mica/illite and kaolinite) were computed by using an image analysis software. Experimental compaction have measured the changes in the rock properties such as porosity and velocity as a function of effective stress for different mixtures of clay and silt. Clay-rich samples showed a higher degree of mineral orientation and lower porosity compared to silt-dominated samples as a function of effective stress. Pure clay sample had 11% porosity at 50 MPa effective stress whereas the pure silt sample retained about 29% porosity at the same effective stress. The experiments showed that low porosity down to 11% is possible by mechanical compaction only. A systematic increase in strain was observed in the silt-clay mixtures with increasing clay content but the porosity values found for the 50:50 silt-clay mixture were lower than that of 25:75 silt-clay mixture. No preferential mineral orientation is expected before compaction owing to the high initial porosity suggesting that the final fabric is a direct result of the effective stress. Both P- and S-wave velocities increased in all silt-clay mixtures with increasing effective stress. The maximum P- and S-wave velocities were observed in the 25:75 silt-clay mixture whereas the minimum Vp and Vs were recorded in the pure silt mixture. At 50 MPa effective stress P- wave velocities as high as 3 km/s resulted from experimental mechanical compaction alone. The results show that fine-grained sediment porosity and velocity are dependent on microfabric, which in turn is a function of grain size distribution, particle shape, sediment composition and stress. At 5 MPa effective stress, quartz orientation increased as a function of the amount of clay indicating that clay facilitate rotation of angular quartz grains. Adding clay from 25% to 75% in the silt-clay mixtures at 50 MPa effective stress decreased the quartz alignment. The clay mineral orientation increased by increasing both the amount of clay and the effective stress, the mica/illite fabric alignment being systematically higher than that of kaolinite. Even small amount of silt (25%) added to pure clay reduced the degree of clay alignment significantly. This study demonstrates that experimental compaction of well characterized synthetic mudstones can be a useful tool to understand microfabric and rock properties of shallow natural mudstones where mechanical compaction is the dominant process. 相似文献
9.
基于409个表层沉积物样品黏土组成的分析测试结果,结合周边河流沉积物黏土矿物组成数据,研究了渤海—北黄海底质沉积物中黏土矿物的分布特征、来源和输运趋势。渤海—北黄海底质沉积物中黏土矿物组分质量分数从高到低依次为伊利石(70%)、高岭石(12%)、绿泥石(11%)和蒙皂石(7%)。根据沉积物黏土矿物的组成和分布特征,可以把研究区分为2个区和6个亚区。I区物质来源主要为黄河,分布在黄河口外,向东北延伸至渤海海盆、东南向经莱州湾再向东北延伸至北黄海南部海域;II区物质来源主要为潍河、六股河、滦河和辽河等,还包括海岸侵蚀物质,主要分布在辽东湾、渤海湾北部和北黄海北部等海域。黏土矿物的输运和分布除了受到物源的影响外,主要受渤海环流的控制。 相似文献
10.
选择物质来源相对单一、区域较广的浙江沿岸东海内陆架区，以4种主要粘土矿物(伊利石、蒙皂石、高岭石、绿泥石)为研究对象，以探讨长江粘土矿物作为示踪标记的稳定性问题。研究区5组沉积物样品中粘土矿物的X射线衍射实验及含量分析结果表明，伊利石、蒙皂石和高岭石的相对含量较稳定，具有作为长江物源示踪标记的价值．而各区域的绿泥石含量之间不具有显著的统计相似性。现有资料还不能完全解释长江口及邻近东海内陆架区内粘土矿物组合的相对稳定状态，今后应对絮凝作用、沉积分异作用、海底生物地球化学作用等因素的效府做进一步的研究。 相似文献
11.
12.
2016年春季在青岛地区采集总悬浮颗粒物样品,利用X-射线衍射仪对其碎屑和黏土矿物进行分析,结果表明在不同空气质量采集的样品中,矿物组成有明显差异。对较差天气下采集的样品进行黏土矿物分析,识别出伊利石、蒙皂石、绿泥石和高岭石等4种主要黏土矿物。利用蒙皂石-伊利石-高岭石三角图解、亚洲沙尘暴数值预报系统和颗粒物后向轨迹分析,对较差天气下采集的颗粒物来源进行分析,发现颗粒物主要来自亚洲内陆(组分百分比48.3%)和青岛附近地区(组分百分比51.7%);利用后向轨迹对较好天气下采集的样品分析,发现颗粒物不仅有亚洲内陆(组分百分比34.43%)和青岛附近地区的来源(组分百分比42.62%),还有东南向气流搬运而来的海盐颗粒物(组分百分比22.95%)。通过以上研究,对青岛地区春季大气颗粒物的矿物组成和来源有了详细的认识,对于了解大气颗粒物对青岛沿海地区空气质量、海洋生态环境的影响具有重要的意义。 相似文献
13.
以X-射线衍射仪和偏光显微镜为主要手段,对南海调查区表层底质沉积物中黏土和碎屑矿物组分进行分析和研究,结果表明黏土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙皂石、高岭石和绿泥石,其组合特征在不同区域表现出明显的差异。碎屑成分主要由生物壳(钙质和硅质)、轻矿物(石英、长石为主)和含量低但种类多的重矿物组成。一般认为物质来源是调查区沿岸风化岩石遭受进一步剥蚀后细小组分通过水动力搬运沉积而成的。钙质和硅质生物壳分布受南海碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)的控制。 相似文献
14.
15.
A. A. Krylov D. Weiel V. F. Sapega G. I. Ivanov R. Stein C. Vogt E. O. Rys’kova 《Oceanology》2008,48(1):85-93
This paper is devoted to the studies of clay minerals from two cores collected in the northern and central regions of the St. Anna Trough, the largest trough of the Kara Sea. The Upper Quaternary glacial, glaciomarine, and marine deposits are characterized by various contents of kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and smectite. It is established that, from older to younger deposits, the amounts of kaolinite and chlorite generally decrease, while those of illite and smectite, on the contrary, increase. A joint analysis of the distributions of clay and heavy minerals over the section allowed us to refine the position of the sources for the terrigenous matter and their temporal variability. It is shown the changes in the sources of supply were directly related to the climate changes that occurred when passing from the glacial to marine sedimentation environments. 相似文献
16.
于１９８８年对云南星云湖盆地区进行调查，运用Ｘ射线衍射，差热分析，红外光谱分析和扫描电镜方法，对该盆地的第四系泥岩和现代沉积环境的泥质沉积物的４９个样品进行研究。发现，现代环境中粘土矿物分布规律明显，且与第四系沉积物有对比性，从而推断盆地沉积环境分布和演化与泥质沉积物的微量元素聚类分析结果相吻合。 相似文献
17.
Weak marine clay deposits exist all along the seacost of many parts of the world. Due to the poor engineering characteristics of these deposits, they pose several foundation problems to various coastal structures. Because of the high salt content in these deposits, the electro-osmotic technique has been effectively adopted to stabilize these deposits with some inorganic additives. In this investigation, the physico-chemical changes that occurred in a marine clay with various inorganic additives are presented and discussed. The improvement in the strength and plasticity characteristics of the soil have also been studied and reported. The newly formed reaction products arising out of the diffusion of lime are identified using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The present study indicates great promise regarding the use of electro-osmotic technique with inorganic additives as a quick remedial measure for the in-situ stabilization of coastal marine clay deposits. 相似文献
18.
闽江下游及河口区表层沉积物粘土矿物含量分布特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物的含量分布特征,于2009年在该区域采集表层沉积物样品25个,利用X射线衍射进行了粘土矿物的含量测定.结果表明粘土矿物的相对百分含量范围分别为：高岭石（33%-47%,平均值为42%）,伊利石（27%-43%,平均值为34%）,绿泥石（20%-29%,平均值为24%）,蒙脱石（0%-3%,平均值为1%）.在显著水平为0.01时,伊利石与高岭石、绿泥石的含量呈显著负相关关系,伊利石与高岭石的相关系数为-0.825,伊利石与绿泥石的相关系数为-0.611.通过对闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物含量分布的分析及与中国近海的粘土矿物含量分布对比,闽江下游及河口区粘土矿物的含量分布受物质来源、地形条件、介质环境、粘土矿物自身颗粒大小形态和人类活动的影响.相对于黄河和长江,闽江表层沉积物中具有较高的高岭石含量,较低的伊利石含量,与珠江的粘土矿物组合特征类似,这反映出气候效应的影响. 相似文献
19.
Jie Yin Ming-ming Hu Gui-zhong Xu Wen-xia Han Yong-hong Miao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(5):611-620
AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation into the effect of salinity on Atterberg limits, flowability, viscosity and strength properties of cement-stabilized clay minerals. Three groups of clay minerals (illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite) were obtained. Specimens with different porewater salinities were prepared by mixing the air-dried clays with sodium chloride (NaCl) at various salt concentrations (i.e., 0%, 2% 4%, 6% and 8%). Atterberg limits test results indicated that liquid limit and plasticity index decreased insignificantly with increasing salinity for Kaolinite and illite but significantly for montmorillonite. Flow test results indicated that of all specimens of three groups of clay minerals with or without adding cement consistently increase with increasing salinity. The flow value of montmorillonite increased more significantly than kaolinite and illite. Viscosity test results indicated that all the specimens tested behave as Bingham plastic. Flow value consistently decreased with increasing dynamic viscosity or yield stress, regardless of clay mineralogy, porewater salinity and cement amount. Strength test results indicated that all cement-stabilized specimens exhibit strain softening behavior. Unconfined compressive strength for three groups of clay minerals stabilized with cement consistently decreased with increasing salinity indicating that the presence of salt had an adverse effect on the development of strength. 相似文献
20.
A. Oliveira F. Rocha A. Rodrigues J. Jouanneau A. Dias O. Weber C. Gomes 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,52(2-4)
The Northern Iberian margin is a typical example of a continental margin subjected to seasonal highly energetic regime (waves and tides) and receiving inputs of continental sediments via riverine discharges. The principal goal of this study has been to use clay minerals as indicators of sedimentary dynamics in the open shelf system. The distributions of clay mineral in the top layer of the sedimentary cover are shown to be related to their continental sources, but also reflect the influences of winter storms and longshore currents in determining the pathways of sediment transport.The mineralogical composition of the material issuing from the rivers is very similar to the general mineralogical composition of the fine fractions of the seabed sediments. Those deposits that are directly influenced by riverine discharges have higher contents of kaolinite (>20%), whereas those that are not have higher contents of illite (>80%). The available data indicate no significant quantities of terrigenous particles are being discharged from the Spanish rias. Therefore, we conclude that physical processes are controlling the clay mineral distributions and that, despite contributions from the Minho River, the main source of fine detrital particles to the shelf region is the Douro River discharge. These particles settle on the middle shelf, below the 60 m isobath. During storm events these particles are re-suspended and advected northwards to the Galician shelf or into deeper domains. Thus the distributions of the clays indicate there is a net transport of fine sediments both northwards and off-shelf. 相似文献