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1.
南海东部海域表层沉积物类型的研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
南海东部海域表层沉积物可被分为11种类型:含岩块砾石黏土质粉砂、贝壳珊瑚砂、黏土质粉砂、钙质黏土、钙质软泥、有孔虫砂、深海黏土、含铁锰微粒粉砂质黏土、硅质黏土、含火山灰硅质黏土、含火山灰粉砂质黏土.这些类型按物源和成因可被分为陆源碎屑、钙质碎屑和硅质碎屑、火山碎屑3大类型,其中陆源碎屑分布面积约占50%,钙质碎屑占20%,硅质碎屑和火山碎屑各占15%.在物质来源、海底地形、火山作用、生物作用、水动力条件等因素影响和控制下,由于沉积环境的差异,故区内褐色类沉积物最多(60.68%),灰色类沉积物次之(38.20%),黄色类沉积物最少(1.12%).台湾省以南到17°N以北海区沉积物以陆源沉积物分布为主;巴士海峡以西海区沉积物较粗,常含砂岩块和砾石;东沙群岛以东海区钙质生物碎屑沉积丰富;中、西部海区以含铁锰微粒沉积物为主;中、南部海区水深大,主要分布硅质沉积物;南部海区、礼乐滩北缘沉积物受礼乐滩珊瑚碎屑影响大,沉积物类型为钙质软泥. 相似文献
2.
南海东部海域的沉积作用和物质来源研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
1998年在南海东部海域采集了195个表层和24个柱状沉积物样,对沉积作用和物质来源研究表明:(1)南海东部海域具有典型的边缘海沉积特征,沉积物主要由陆源碎屑、生物碎屑、火山碎屑、浊流沉积物组成,沉积作用具有多样性;(2)黄岩岛以北海区沉积物中基性岩组分含量为23.2%,陆源硅铝质组分含量为76.8%,这两种组分的理论计算值与海底沉积物实际分布相一致;(3)由碎屑矿物分析得出陆源矿物、混合矿物、自生铁锰矿物和中基性火山矿物四种矿物组合区,矿物组成和含量差异反映了物源和沉积环境的变化;(4)对沉积物中大于0.063 mm的物质全组分分析表明,生源组分占66.97%,其中钙质生物含量为23.43%,硅质生物含量为43.54%,钙质生物高值区主要分布在水深小于3 500 m的海区,硅质生物高值区主要分布在水深大于3 500 m的深水区;(5)南海东部海域火山沉积作用明显,海底扩张区沉积物中铜、钡、铁、锰、钴、镍、砷等金属物质分布与海底构造和海底中基性火山活动密切相关;(6)对沉积物粒度、物质组成和生物化石组合分析表明北部陆坡区69柱187.5~190.0,287.5~280.0,377.5~380.0 cm,深海平原区149柱157~187,187~194 cm,南部陆坡区323柱280~350 cm在粒度上表现出浊流沉积特征;(7)对锶同位素物源示踪和粒度、矿物的研究表明,北部陆源碎屑向南一直扩散到约17 N,西吕宋海槽是亚洲大陆物质特别是我国大陆物质向南海东部海域输运的主要通道. 相似文献
3.
分析了南海海盆中部224个站位表层沉积物的常量组分和微量元素组成,结果表明,这些沉积物与大陆上地壳相比,具有相对贫Si和富Fe、Mg、Na、Ca、Mn的特点,微量元素含量总体与大陆上地壳较为相近。表层沉积物化学组分可以划分为4类组合:硅酸盐碎屑组分、钙质生物碎屑组分、火山碎屑组分和自生矿物组分;硅酸盐碎屑组分和钙质生物碎屑组分占绝对优势,两者含量互为消长,自生矿物和火山碎屑含量较低,仅在局部区域起到相对明显的贡献。南海海盆中部表层沉积物化学组成主要受水深、沉积作用和物质来源3个因素控制;水深和底流搬运作用影响钙质生物碎屑分布,深水海盆碳酸盐溶解作用强烈,海盆中部沉积物钙质生物碎屑含量低,而底流作用则将陆坡区钙质碎屑搬运至海盆边缘区域。沉积物地球化学特征指示,海盆中部沉积物陆源碎屑物质主要来自于西部或西南部,火山碎屑物质可能主要来自于吕宋岛弧火山喷发,并堆积于扩张中心以北和海盆东部区域。 相似文献
4.
南海东北部表层沉积中生源和矿物碎屑组分分析及其古环境意义 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
通过对南海东北部128个表层沉积样品的定量研究，揭示隆源和矿物碎屑各组分的分布，也显示了组分分析作为一种简单、快速的研究方法在海洋古环境研究中的潜力，研究区生源碎屑的分布明显受与水深相关的深海溶解作用所控制，水深3500-4000m的现代南海CCD以下，钙质生物的含量急剧减少，而硅质生物的含量急剧增加，研究区表层沉积中的碎屑矿物主要来源于亚洲大陆，吕宋镐的风化产物只起次要作用，且其分布主要受与离岸距离远近和海流相关的搬运作用所控制。 相似文献
5.
本文以太平洋CC区西区12个表层沉积物样品作为研究对象,对其粒度、化学组分和矿物成分进行分析,讨论其沉积环境和物质来源。研究区地处深海,主要以深海黏土和硅钙质黏土为主,含有少量的硅质黏土、黏土质硅质软泥和黏土质钙质软泥。黏土矿物成分主要是蒙皂石和伊利石,含有部分的高岭石和绿泥石。黏土矿物组成表明,区内沉积物主要是陆源,由高空气流携带而来,南极底流和热液活动对其物源的来源有一定影响。沉积物地球化学特征也表明,物源以陆源为主,稀土元素分布曲线和北太平洋表层海水稀土曲线类似,且表现出强的Ce亏损,表明生物活动导致的生物沉降对表层沉积物也有一定的影响。 相似文献
6.
南海北部陆坡神狐海域晚中新世以来沉积物中生物组分变化及意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对南海北部陆坡神狐海域4口钻孔(BY1、BY2、BY3、BY4)岩心沉积物中微体古生物的研究表明晚中新世以来该区沉积物中硅质和钙质生物组分丰度具有较大时间和空间变化。从时间上看,硅质生物在晚中新世—上新世几乎缺失,中更新世以来约40万年(0～24m)才较多出现,18万年以后繁盛,大于0.15mm粗粒级有孔虫在晚中新世期间丰度很低,而在更新世—上新世丰度很高;空间上的差异表现在不同的钻井岩心中生物丰度变化范围较大。根据硅质生物丰度变化可推测晚中新世—上新世—早更新世时海水表层古生产力极低,而中更新世以来古生产力相对较高。南海北部钙质生物丰度的变化主要受控于陆源物质的输入量,在钻探区可识别2个可能具有不同物质来源的小区块,如BY1、BY2孔晚中新世—上新世陆源物质的输入量高于更新世,BY3和BY4孔更新世陆源物质的输入量高于上新世。2007年本区钻探结果揭示的一个令人惊奇和十分独特的现象,水合物以高达20%～49%饱和度状态分散在细粒沉积物(黏土粉砂)孔隙中,本研究发现这些矿层富含钙质生物组分(钙质超微化石和有孔虫),而硅质组分贫乏。由此初步推测,大量钙质生物组分的存在可能增加了黏土粉砂沉积物的孔隙空间,从而为大... 相似文献
7.
南海中部沉积物类型和沉积作用特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以1983年10月和1984年6月两个航次期间在南海中部海域内采集的130个站位的沉积物组分全面鉴定(粒度、砂级全组分、轻重碎屑矿物、粘土矿物、有孔虫、钙质超微、放射虫、硅藻和孢粉等生物鉴定、化学定量分析、少量~(14)C测年等)为基础,以1∶300万南海中部沉积物类型图为依据,讨论了沉积物主要类型、分布和沉积作用特点。 相似文献
8.
深海沉积物分类与命名的参数指标和主成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于南海中部(118个表层沉积物样,水深82~4 420 m)、东部(106个表层沉积物样,水深700~4 508 m)海域的表层沉积物的粒度资料按小于200 m,200~2 000 m,大于2 000 m水深段对水深、平均粒径、黏土含量进行统计分析,结果表明从陆架到陆坡再到深海,平均粒径和黏土含量随水深增加呈非常有规律的变化;把大于2 000 m水深区域再细分为大于2 500 m,大于3 000 m,大于3 500 m,结果表明平均粒径和黏土含量随水深增加几乎无变化,在南海中部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径为3.39~3.54μm,黏土平均含量为54.91%~55.47%;在南海东部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径为3.25~3.37μm,黏土平均含量为53.91%~54.56%。研究表明2 000 m水深具有划分深海沉积物的指示意义。南海中部水深大于2 000 m海域黏土平均含量为55.19%,平均粒径为3.39μm;在南海东部水深大于2 000 m海域黏土平均含量为53.91%,平均粒径为3.37μm;在南海中部、东部水深大于2 000 m海域平均粒径均小于4μm,黏土平均含量均大于50%,表明深海沉积物粒度特征是平均粒径小于4μm和黏土平均含量大于50%。黏土含量是非生物组分的代表和划分深海沉积物类型的一个独立参数,钙质生物和硅质生物组分是另外两个独立参数。南海东部海域表层沉积物中55种元素总含量为47.50%,硅、铝、钛、钠、钾、磷、钙、镁、铁、锰十种主元素含量为47.03%,其他45种元素含量为0.47%,虽然沉积物来源复杂、成因不同,但沉积物化学主成分并不复杂,主要由前10种主元素和氧元素组成。沉积物主元素铝、钙、硅分别富集于黏土、钙质沉积、硅质沉积中。通过建立沉积物生源组分与碳酸钙、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅的量化关系,可把碳酸钙、生物二氧化硅作为钙质生物和硅质生物的两个替代参数。 相似文献
9.
本文分析了中太平洋沉积物中的碎屑成分,探讨了其分布特点和物质来源。碎屑物成分主要由轻组分——钙质化石、硅质化石和钙十字沸石组成。重矿物种类30余种。硅质化石在调查区内广泛分布,它和钙质化石的分布成制约关系。物质来源主要是大洋生源和自生形成的,少量为海底火山喷发物,极少为地外和陆源物质。此外,初步探讨了锰结核的分布与沉积物成分及其粗、细组分之间的关系。 相似文献
10.
对南海北部224个表层沉积物样品的粒度组成和碳酸盐含量进行了测试和分析,探讨了沉积物的运移方式及其沉积环境。结果表明,南海北部表层沉积物可划分为砾砂、粗砂、中砂、细砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂-粉砂-黏土、黏土质粉砂、粉砂质黏土、黏土等类型,其中深海-半深海沉积物又可分为:硅质黏土、钙质黏土、含钙质和硅质黏土、有孔虫砂、钙质黏土质粉砂、钙质砂-粉砂-黏土、硅质黏土质粉砂。粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂、砂、砂质粉砂、黏土是分布最广泛的沉积物类,约占该区面积的80%以上。同时对粒度相关参数和碳酸盐含量进行了因子统计分析并作沉积环境分区,结果表明上述参数可分为3类因子,将研究区分为4类区域。因子1作用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个区域。Ⅰ区为黏土级沉积区,主要分布在研究区东南部水深较大的海域;Ⅱ区为中、细砂质沉积区,主要分布在粤西外大陆架和华南大陆沿海。因子2作用于Ⅲ区,为粗、中粉砂质沉积区,主要分布在琼东南、珠江口外海大陆坡以及台西南外大陆架。因子3作用于Ⅳ区,为粗砂质沉积区,主要分布在台西南内大陆架海域。 相似文献
11.
Mineral types (detrital and authigenic) and organic-matter components of the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi Shale (siliceous, silty, argillaceous, and calcareous/dolomitic shales) in the Sichuan Basin, China are used as a case study to understand the control of grain assemblages and organic matter on pores systems, diagenetic pathway, and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This study has been achieved using a combination of petrographic, geochemical, and mercury intrusion methods. The results reveal that siliceous shale comprises an abundant amount of diagenetic quartz (40–60% by volume), and authigenic microcrystalline quartz aggregates inhibit compaction and preserve internal primary pores as rigid framework for oil filling during oil window. Although silty shale contains a large number of detrital silt-size grains (30–50% by volume), which is beneficial to preserve interparticle pores, the volumetric contribution of interparticle pores (mainly macropores) is small. Argillaceous shale with abundant extrabasinal clay minerals (>50% by volume) undergoes mechanical and chemical compactions during burial, leading to a near-absence of primary interparticle pores, while pores preserved between clay platelets are dominant with more than 10 nm in pore size. Pore-filling calcite and dolomite precipitated during early diagenesis inhibit later compaction in calcareous/dolomitic shale, but the cementation significantly reduces the primary interparticle pores. Pore-throat size distributions of dolomitic shale show a similar trend with silty shale. Besides argillaceous shale, all of the other lithofacies are dominated by OM pores, which contribute more micropores and mesopores and is positively related to TOC and quartz contents. The relationship between pore-throat size and pore volume shows that most pore volumes are provided by pore throats with diameters <50 nm, with a proportion in the order of siliceous (80.3%) > calcareous/dolomitic (78.4%) > silty (74.9%) > argillaceous (61.3%) shales. In addition, development degree and pore size of OM pores in different diagenetic pathway with the same OM type and maturity show an obvious difference. Therefore, we suggest that the development of OM pores should take OM occurrence into account, which is related to physical interaction between OM and inorganic minerals during burial diagenesis. Migrated OM in siliceous shale with its large connected networks is beneficial for forming more and larger pores during gas window. The result of the present work implies that the study of mineral types (detrital and authigenic) and organic matter-pores are better understanding the reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
12.
The composition ofdetrital minerals with grades of 0.063 - 0.25 mm in the superficial sediment of South Yellow Sea is mainly studied in the paper. The research result shows that the minerals can be divided into more than fifty sorts. The light minerals are mainly feldspar, quartz, mica, etc. The heavy minerals are mainly composed of amphibole, epidote, mica. autogeny pyrite, magnetite, hematite, garnet,zircon and so on, which mainly distribute in the sediments of silty clay and lutaceous silt. According to the content and distribution of the main minerals, the research area is divided into five mineral combination provinces. The assembled types of minerals in every province have close relationship with its hydrodynamic conditions and sedimentary environment. And the sorts of detrital minerals also show that the detrital substances in the sedimentary areas mainly originate from the drainage areas of rivers,bedrock weathering, and transformed sediment, etc. 相似文献
13.
南黄海西部表层沉积物中碎屑矿物的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
着重研究了南黄海表层沉积物中0．063～0．25mm粒级的碎屑矿物组成。结果表明,矿物种类达50多种,轻矿物主要为长石、石英、云母等,重矿物主要为角闪石、绿帘石、云母、自生黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴石、锆石等,重矿物主要分布于粉砂质泥和泥质粉砂沉积物中。依据主要矿物的含量和分布特征,将研究区划分为5个矿物组合区。各区矿物的组合类型与其所处的水动力条件、沉积环境密切相关,而碎屑矿物的种类又指示了沉积区的碎屑物质主要来源于江、河流域,基岩风化及改造沉积等。 相似文献
14.
Distribution and dispersal pattern of clay minerals in surface sediments, eastern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Clay minerology of sediments are useful in determining distribution,sources and dispersal routes of fine-grained sediments.In the present paper,clay minerals of surface sediments throughout the eastern part of Beibu Gulf has been investigated to reveal sources and transport of detrital finegrained sediments.Four distinct clay mineral suites were observed from cluster analysis of clay mineral compositions of the samples.From the distribution pattern of clay minerals,we conclude that kaolinte in the eastern gulf is mainly derived from South China Landmass;Smectite could not be transported mainly by surface current from north-western Hainan Island,and maybe minor portion of it from Red River;Illite is mainly transported by the currents from South China Sea.Chlorite has two sources,namely South China Sea and South China Landmass.The Zhujiang River derived sediments could not be one of the sources for the clay mineral here,because of very different composition and ratios.The distribution pattern of clay minerals in the eastern Beibu Gulf is mainly controlled by fine-grained sediment source and local currents.The Silt/Clay,Smectite/Kaolinte,and Smetite/(Chlorite+Illite) ratios could be used as indicators of fine-grained sediment dispersal in the gulf. 相似文献
15.
深海沉积物分类与命名 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
详细分析了国内外深海沉积物分类与命名现状,迄今为止深海沉积物分类与命名问题没有很好解决。在调查研究南海、太平洋深海沉积物分类与命名基础上,提出了分类简便、科学合理、量化的深海沉积物分类与命名新方法,应用该方法得出南海东部海域深海沉积物有深海粘土、硅质粘土、钙质粘土、硅钙质粘土、钙质软泥、粘土质钙质软泥、粘土质-硅质钙质软泥、粘土-硅质-钙质混合软泥、粘土质硅质-钙质混合软泥、钙质硅质-粘土混合软泥。这10种沉积物基本上客观地反映了南海东部海域深海沉积物分布的实际情况,分类效果良好。 相似文献
16.
The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals (0.063~0.125 mm) in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment.The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was analysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (I) province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; (II) middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; (III) province west of the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate-acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge. it is suggested that, (1) Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. (2) Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau (e.g.,Benham Plateau) and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. (3) Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition. 相似文献
17.
本文针对采自印度洋深海中最常见的两类生物成因沉积物——钙质软泥和硅质软泥，开展了全岩样和不同粒级组分中常微量元素、稀土元素和Y（REY）含量的系统分析，探讨了两类沉积物中REY的组成特征、物质来源和富集机制。研究表明，钙质软泥以富含CaO和Sr为主要特征，硅质软泥则富集SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3等。钙质软泥中∑REY平均含量为40.56×10-6，轻稀土元素（LREE）略有富集，REY有向细粒沉积物中富集的特征，PAAS标准化后全岩样和不同粒级组分均表现为Ce负异常、Eu和Y正异常；REY以自生来源为主，继承了海水的组成特征，同时也受到了热液流体物质和洋底玄武岩风化产物的影响。硅质软泥中∑REY的含量为248.54×10-6，LREE相对富集，REY在4φ以细的沉积物中富集；研究站位沉积物中∑REY含量处于边界品位附近，但在细粒级沉积物中重稀土元素（HREY）含量则达到了工业品位；该类沉积物细粒组分中REY主要来自陆源或火山碎屑组分中黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物吸附作用，粗粒组分中REY来源则主要与生物作用相关；硅质软泥中REY的富集与沉积物中磷灰石等矿物相关，部分不同来源的REY可能是在沉积之后的成岩过程中再次分配向磷灰石、钙十字沸石等矿物中富集。 相似文献
18.
2016年春季在青岛地区采集总悬浮颗粒物样品,利用X-射线衍射仪对其碎屑和黏土矿物进行分析,结果表明在不同空气质量采集的样品中,矿物组成有明显差异。对较差天气下采集的样品进行黏土矿物分析,识别出伊利石、蒙皂石、绿泥石和高岭石等4种主要黏土矿物。利用蒙皂石-伊利石-高岭石三角图解、亚洲沙尘暴数值预报系统和颗粒物后向轨迹分析,对较差天气下采集的颗粒物来源进行分析,发现颗粒物主要来自亚洲内陆(组分百分比48.3%)和青岛附近地区(组分百分比51.7%);利用后向轨迹对较好天气下采集的样品分析,发现颗粒物不仅有亚洲内陆(组分百分比34.43%)和青岛附近地区的来源(组分百分比42.62%),还有东南向气流搬运而来的海盐颗粒物(组分百分比22.95%)。通过以上研究,对青岛地区春季大气颗粒物的矿物组成和来源有了详细的认识,对于了解大气颗粒物对青岛沿海地区空气质量、海洋生态环境的影响具有重要的意义。 相似文献