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1.
黏土矿物研究在示踪物源、源区风化历史乃至洋流变迁能力等方面具有重要的作用,尽管目前对南海表层沉积物黏土矿物宏观分布特征已获得了较系统的认识,但在受珠江和海南岛物源共同影响的南海西北部其高分辨率的黏土矿物学工作还未开展。本文对南海西北部表层沉积物中的黏土矿物组成、结晶学特征进行了分析,讨论了研究区黏土矿物的物质来源。结果表明,南海西北部表层沉积物的黏土矿物组成以伊利石为主（平均45%）,蒙脱石（平均27%）与高岭石（平均21%）次之,绿泥石含量最少（平均6%）。在区域空间分布上,蒙脱石含量呈现西南高东北低的特征,伊利石含量则与之相反;高岭石含量表现为近岸高离岸低,而绿泥石含量呈现离岸高近岸低的特征。总体上,研究区表层沉积物黏土矿物组成与现代珠江沉积物组成差异较大,而与珠江口2.5 ka前的沉积物黏土矿物组成比较接近,并且结合研究区岩心揭露的全新世以来极低的沉积速率（4 cm/ka）以及上部很薄（小于0.6 m）的泥质沉积,推测该区表层沉积物可能并非是现代沉积的结果,更可能主要来自全新世末期古珠江输送的沉积物。除古珠江作为研究区表层沉积物中蒙脱石的一个主要来源外,海南岛北部河流也贡献了少量蒙脱石到其邻近的东南海域。运用高岭石/伊利石比值和伊利石化学指数等进一步对比分析表明,珠江是研究区沉积物中伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石的主要物源,其次台湾和海南岛也可能分别提供了少量富含伊利石/绿泥石和高岭石的沉积物。本工作对于南海西北部沉积物源-汇过程和相应的古环境研究有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
2.
南海粘土矿物组合特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用X射线衍射法(XRD)对南海12个海底表层沉积物和20个悬浮物样品中粘土矿物组成和分布特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)研究区的表层沉积物粘土矿物以伊利石为主,其次为绿泥石、高岭石、伊/蒙间层矿物以及蒙皂石;悬浮物粘土矿物是以绿泥石为主,其次为高岭石、蒙皂石、伊利石以及伊/蒙间层矿物。(2)粘土矿物的组成和分布特征主要受气候条件、物质来源、水动力条件及相互间稀释作用的制约。伊利石的含量随离岸距离和水深的增加呈增大趋势;高岭石则在近岸区特别是河口区富集;绿泥石在西部沿岸海区的含量较低,在东部岛弧和北部台湾岛附近海区的含量较高;蒙皂石与火山作用密切相关,在东部火山岛弧附近海区含量较高。(3)粘土沉积物的来源以河流输入为主,海洋自生和风尘搬运对该区的沉积影响不大。(4)深海悬浮物粘土矿物的组成变化能够很好地指示短尺度气候环境的变迁,伊利石的结晶程度对气候和环境变化反映灵敏,其随所处环境的压力增大而变差。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Sea Research》1999,41(1-2):119-128
With the help of about 500 samples of surface sediments from the North Sea crude maps of the distributions of the clay minerals illite, chlorite, smectite and kaolinite were constructed. Illite, with 51%, is the dominant clay mineral, followed by smectite (27%), chlorite (12%), and kaolinite (10%). There are well-distinguished areas of different concentrations of the individual clay mineral associations. Illite and chlorite show highest values in the north, kaolinite concentrations are high in a corridor a few hundred kilometres wide between the east coast of the UK and the Danish/south Norwegian coast. Smectite is high in the German Bight and in the southwestern North Sea. The distribution patterns of the clay mineral associations are mainly explained by late Quaternary history and by recent to sub-recent sedimentary processes. During the Pleistocene cold periods illite- and chlorite-rich sediments from the Fennoscandian Shield were transported by the great inland ice-masses in a southward direction. The present high sea-level erosion on the east coast of Great Britain provides the North Sea with kaolinite-rich fine-grained sediments. Smectites inherited from Elsterian deposits in the southeast corner and probably from sub-recent Elbe sediments are responsible for their higher values in the German Bight. The high values of smectite in the southwest may have originated from Cretaceous sediments eroded on the banks of the Strait of Dover. The present contribution of riverine suspended load to the North Sea appears to be low. 相似文献
4.
何良彪 《海洋学报(英文版)》1985,4(1):92-98
Analyses of clay mineralogy about 30 surface sediments indicate widespread occurrence of illite, kaolinite, chlorite and montmorillonite throughout the Bohai Sea. Illite is the most abundant mineral, averaging 60%, kaolinite, next to illite, is the most abundant one,averaging 18%. Chlorite and montmorillonite come second, averaging 12% and 10% respectively. The distributive patterns of clay minerals in the surface sediments are closely related to the suspended materials carried into the Bohai Sea, especially to those did by the Huanghe River, and to water dynamics in the area. Based on the distribution, the assemblages and the others of clay minerals, the Bohai Sea can be divided into two clay mineral regions, the Liaodong Gulf region and the Bohai-Laizhou Bay region. 相似文献
5.
北部湾沉积物中重金属元素的地球化学特征及物源初探 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文根据北部湾沉积物岩心样调查结果计算了铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、砷等重金属元素的背景值,并分析了其与南海陆架区和南海全海域沉积物背景值、广西土壤背景值之间的差异.对北部湾表层沉积物中重金属含量及近10 a的变化趋势以及岩心样中重金属元素含量近百年以来的变化趋势综合分析结果表明:北部湾近岸海域沉积物中铜、砷、汞、镉重金属元素含量总体呈增长趋势,北部湾中部海域沉积物中重金属元素含量的年际变化有升有降,至湾口处沉积物中重金属元素的含量基本不变.综合评价结果表明,北部湾近岸沉积物中砷、汞、镉等重金属元素的地球化学特征明显受到广西人类活动的影响.北部湾沉积物中的重金属元素主要来源于人类活动影响下的广西沿岸陆源输入,经由琼州海峡的外部海域物质输入也有贡献. 相似文献
6.
西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物质来源 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分析结果显示其黏土矿物组成的区域分布和变化具有明显的规律性:从楚科奇海到北冰洋深水区,随着水深的增加,蒙皂石和高岭石含量增高,绿泥石和伊利石含量降低。自西往东,伊利石结晶度值降低,化学指数升高。根据Q型聚类分析获得的黏土矿物组合特征,结合周缘陆地的地质背景、河流及洋流情况,对研究区进行了黏土矿物组合分区,讨论了其黏土矿物来源。楚科奇海表层沉积物黏土矿物组合在靠近阿拉斯加一侧海域以Ⅰ类为主,靠东西伯利亚海一侧主要有Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类,中部主要为Ⅵ类,主要是西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的火山岩、变质岩以及一些含高岭石的沉积物以及古土壤等,经风化、河流搬运入海,在北太平洋的3股洋流及西伯利亚沿岸流的作用下沉积形成的。西北冰洋深水区表层沉积物的黏土矿物组合以Ⅰ类和Ⅴ类为主,表明其沉积物来源为欧亚陆架和加拿大北极群岛周缘海域的海冰沉积和大西洋水体的搬运以及加拿大马更些河的河流物质输入。 相似文献
7.
Clay mineral studies by XRD analyses of eleven surficial mud samples from the central and southeastern Yellow Sea reveal that clay minerals in all sediment samples are quite similar, except for the presence of smectite in the central Yellow Sea samples. Smectite, thus, is suggested to the significant clay mineral in distinguishing the finegrained sediment sources: the Huanghe River-derived muds contain smectite whereas smectite hardly exists in those from the Keum River. 相似文献
8.
The sediments on the inner shelf of the northern South China Sea, mainly composed of terrigenous fragments, are continually transported herein by streams and floods. The coastal and strait-bottom erosion by waves and currents also contribute to the sedimentation. Under the dynamic conditions of the sea, the terrigenous sediments are differentiated with the coarse debris deposited mainly within the 20 m isobath off Guangdong, Guangxi and the Hainan Island. Organisms thrive in some areas, forming coral-reef platforms, foraminifera sand and shell sand. Chemically-formed clay minerals and various authigenic ones are developed in gulf and outlet areas. The modern sediments, thin in depth, are attributed to the short period of ingression of the sea, and their distribution is controlled by a variety of factors with the sea-level changes dominating. 相似文献
9.
南海沉积岩芯中粘土矿物的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
何良彪 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(3)
对南海中部5个沉积岩芯的粘土矿物做了定性分析和半定量估算。提出南海粘土矿物组合特征为陆架浅海型与大洋型间的过渡型,这一特征表明,南海沉积物以多源性为特征。研究指出,南海沉积岩芯中粘土矿物含量高低呈现出周期性的旋回变化,并且有可对比性,控制这种变化的主要因素是沉积过程中古气候冷暖的周期性旋回变化及其所影响的沉积环境的变化。 相似文献
10.
邱燕 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(5):1-7
利用南海中南部表层沉积物151个样品中黏土矿物的测试数据,计算了主要黏土矿物含量的平均值并编制分布图,据此分析黏土矿物的分布特征及其控制因素。南海中南部表层沉积物中的黏土矿物组合类型为伊利石-蒙脱石-高岭石-绿泥石,含量平均值依次为47%、19%、17%和16%。高岭石含量分布具有北部低、南部高的特点,与之对应的是蒙脱石矿物含量呈现北部高、南部低的趋势。伊利石和绿泥石含量分布规律不甚明显。前者呈现北部略高、南部稍低的分布趋势,含量变化起伏较大;后者的含量变化呈西北陆坡区稍偏低,其他部位含量分布均匀的趋势。伊利石/高岭石含量的比值变化与高岭石含量变化呈明显的负相关关系。从黏土矿物含量的分布规律来看,控制本区黏土矿物分布的主要因素有物源的搬运和输送、水动力条件变化、海底火山活动、地球化学环境影响等。 相似文献
11.
Sediment sources, transport and deposition in the South China Sea (SCS) are addressed based on multiple proxies of 111 surface sediment samples, including clay minerals and rare earth elements. Results reveal that sediment sources in the SCS generally contain volcanic, biogenic and terrigenous materials. Volcanic material is typically distributed west of Luzon Island (including adjacent to Huangyan Island). Carbonate biogenic materials (e.g., coral and foraminifera) develop strongly around the Nansha and Xisha Islands. Terrigenous materials mainly derive from the continent via large rivers (e.g., the Pearl, Red and Mekong Rivers) and from islands via mountainous rivers (e.g. the Gaoping River in Southwest Taiwan and Rajang River in northern Kalimantan). According to clay mineral distributions of surface sediments from the SCS, the sediment transport route is traced. It extends to the central basin and even connects with the Sulu Sea through the Mindoro Strait. Further, based on rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of the fine-grained fraction and clay mineral assemblage of surface sediments, contributions of various sediment sources are estimated at various locations on the SCS slope. 相似文献
12.
南海北部陆坡50 ka 以来黏土矿物来源与输运机制分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在 AMS14C 定年的基础上,对南海北部 KNG5站和 KNG7站柱状沉积物中的粒度和黏土矿物进行了研究.KNG5孔黏土矿物组合的基本特点是以伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石为主,蒙脱石含量次之.而 KNG7孔黏土矿物组合的基本特点是以伊利石、绿泥石和蒙脱石为主,高岭石含量次之.物源分析进一步表明, KNG5和 KNG7孔高岭石主要来自于珠江,蒙脱石主要由吕宋岛提供,伊利石和绿泥石分别由珠江和台湾提供.相对于 KNG5孔而言, KNG7孔沉积物受珠江影响较小,而受台西南影响较大.由物源分析推测,珠江对南海北部的物源供应存在一个明显的界线,而这一界线可能位于 KNG5孔和KNG7孔之间,越过这一界线随着离岸距离的增加,南海北部陆坡陆源沉积物受珠江影响明显减弱,而主要由台湾贡献. 相似文献
13.
北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积物物源:来自黏土矿物和化学元素的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对北极东西伯利亚陆架表层沉积物进行了粒度、黏土矿物以及常微量元素测定,阐述了粒度、黏土矿物和常微量元素的分布特征。利用因子分析与聚类分析划分了不同的沉积区,并探讨了各区沉积物的主要来源。结果表明,研究区可以划分为4个沉积区:(1)东西伯利亚海近岸河口区(Ⅰ区),沉积物以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,TiO2、Zr、SiO2含量较高,其他元素在该区都处于低值,La/Th与Zr/Hf比值在4个沉积区中为最大值,黏土矿物中伊利石含量占绝对优势,约为70%,该区受到河流与海岸侵蚀物质输入的强烈影响;(2)东西伯利亚海中部(Ⅱ区),沉积物以粉砂和泥为主,MnO、Ba与Ni等元素在该区含量较高,黏土矿物组合与Ⅰ区类似,La/Th和Zr/Hf比值比Ⅰ区略低,该区沉积物以河流输入的细粒沉积物为主,受海冰等过程的影响发生了混合,随着离岸距离的增加,海洋自生组分开始增多;(3)东西伯利亚海北部深水区(Ⅲ区),沉积物以泥为主,Al2O3、K2O、V、Li等在该区达到最大值,La/Th和Rb/Th比值与Ⅱ区极其类似,伊利石含量在该区为最低值,蒙皂石与高岭石含量在该区达到最大值(>10%),该区细粒沉积物很可能受大西洋水体以及波弗特环流的影响;(4)楚科奇海(Ⅳ区),该区沉积物主要由粉砂和砂质粉砂组成,CaO、P2O5等在该区含量较高,Rb/Th、La/Th与Zr/Hf均为4个沉积区的最小值,绿泥石在该区最为富集,该区沉积物受太平洋入流水的影响强烈。 相似文献
14.
Saburo Aoki 《Journal of Oceanography》1976,32(4):169-174
The 25 sediment samples collected from the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea were analyzed for clay mineral investigation. Results showed the presence of 35% montmorillonite, 13% chlorite, 30% illite, and 22% kaolinite in sediments of the Gulf and also 16% montmorillonite, 21% chlorite, 41% illite, and 22% kaolinite in sediments of the South China Sea. The relatively high concentration of montmorillonite in sediments of the Gulf as compared with that in sediments of the South China Sea may suggest that montmorillonite in these area has been largely derived from soil formation of the bordering land areas of the Gulf, particularly from the northern part of Malay Peninsula. On the contrary, the content of illite in sediments of the South China Sea is higher than that in the Gulf. This mineral appears to have been supplied from Borneo as well as the Mekong Delta. However, chlorite which shows a similar distribution to that of illite in sediments of the Gulf and the South China Sea has not indicated Borneo Isl. as a principal source area for chlorite. Greater resemblance in amount of kaolinite in both sediments of the Gulf and the South China Sea is due to the prevailing distribution of kaolinite as low latitude clay mineral on the bordering land areas. The distribution of clay minerals in sediments of the study area appears to be closely related to the soil formation and geology of the adjacent land areas.This work was carried out at Geological and Mineralogical Institute, Tokyo University of Education. 相似文献
15.
北部湾地形、底质特征与渔场分布的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
北部湾作为南海北部重要水域.属于热带和亚热带半封闭海湾.湾内地形地貌以及底质特征复杂。鱼类资源丰富。北部湾渔区的划分与地形地貌、底质特征存在密切联系.为更好的了解渔业生物的生活史、空间配布以及北部湾的渔业资源特点本文进行了初步的基础研究。为北部湾的渔业资源开发提供了科学依据。 相似文献
16.
Cornelia Saukel Rüdiger Stein Christoph Vogt Vladimir P. Shevchenko 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(6):605-616
In this study, the grain-size and clay-mineral compositions of 73 surface sediment samples collected in a variety of environmental
settings in the White Sea are presented to characterize recent sedimentation processes, reconstruct transport pathways, and
identify potential source areas of the terrigenous components. Areas >100 m deep are invariably characterized by silty clay,
whereas areas <100 m deep exhibit more heterogeneous grain-size compositions plausibly explained by coastal erosion and (re-)distribution
mechanisms, particularly tidal currents. The dominance of sand in the estuarine areas of the Onega and Dvina rivers as well
as toward the Gorlo Strait connecting the White Sea with the Barents Sea is attributed to increased current speeds. Illite
and smectite are the dominant clay minerals in recent sediments of the southwestern and eastern White Sea sectors, respectively.
Their distribution patterns largely depend on the geology of the source areas, and mirror surface circulation patterns, especially
in Dvina Bay. Smectite is a key clay mineral in White Sea surface sediments, as it reveals the dominating influence of the
Northern Dvina’s runoff on sedimentation and water circulation throughout the basin. In comparison to other Eurasian shelf
seas, the White Sea is characterized by a greater diversity of clay-mineral assemblages, which range from illite- to smectite-dominated
sectors containing variable amounts of chlorite and kaolinite. 相似文献
17.
Clay mineralogy is useful in determining the distribution, sources, and dispersal routes of fine-grained sediments. In addition, clay minerals, especially smectite, may control the degree to which contaminants are adsorbed by the sediment. We analyzed 250 shelf sediment samples, 24 river-suspended-sediment samples, and 12 river-bed samples for clay-mineral contents in the Southern California Borderland from Point Conception to the Mexico border. In addition, six samples were analyzed from the Palos Verdes Headland in order to characterize the clay minerals contributed to the offshore from that point source. The <2 microm-size fraction was isolated, Mg-saturated, and glycolated before analysis by X-ray diffraction. Semi-quantitative percentages of smectite, illite, and kaolinite plus chlorite were calculated using peak areas and standard weighting factors. Most fine-grained sediment is supplied to the shelf by rivers during major winter storms, especially during El Ni?o years. The largest sediment fluxes to the region are from the Santa Ynez and Santa Clara Rivers, which drain the Transverse Ranges. The mean clay-mineral suite for the entire shelf sediment data set (26% smectite, 50% illite, 24% kaolinite+chlorite) is closely comparable to that for the mean of all the rivers (31% smectite, 49% illite, 20% kaolinite+chlorite), indicating that the main source of shelf fine-grained sediments is the adjacent rivers. However, regional variations do exist and the shelf is divided into four provinces with characteristic clay-mineral suites. The means of the clay-mineral suites of the two southernmost provinces are within analytical error of the mineral suites of adjacent rivers. The next province to the north includes Santa Monica Bay and has a suite of clay minerals derived from mixing of fine-grained sediments from several sources, both from the north and south. The northernmost province clay-mineral suite matches moderately well that of the adjacent rivers, but does indicate some mixing from sources in adjacent provinces. 相似文献
18.
对山东半岛沿岸7个泻湖的表层沉积物中的细颗粒成分中的粘土矿物进行了定性和半定量分析，并描述了矿物特征，发现粘土矿物的百分含量判别很大，其中蒙皂石的含量在地域上由西向东规则递减。泻湖与海水的交换状况对粘土组分有相当的影响，不久前封闭的泻湖的粘土矿物成分与未封闭的泻湖不同，显示了物源、物源成分的搬运距离及水体交换等因素的明显影响，表明了泻湖沉积物与环境动力及物源有密切关系。 相似文献
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通过对南海台西南盆地南部海域TS6岩芯沉积物样品稀土元素地球化学特征和黏土矿物组合进行分析,探讨了研究区近19 ka (末次冰消期)以来沉积物物质来源、输运机制及物源变化特征。物源综合分析结果显示,台湾河流是研究区沉积物的主要源区,其中台湾西部河流较东部河流贡献更大,珠江也为研究区输送了部分沉积物。由于各源区物质主要黏土矿物种类及含量存在较大差异,推测研究区沉积物黏土矿物中的伊利石和绿泥石主要由台湾河流提供,高岭石主要由珠江提供,含量较少的蒙脱石由东南部的吕宋岛提供。末次冰消期以来,研究区陆源物质输入量受控于海平面变化而逐渐减少,黏土矿物组合反映的物源变化主要受控于气候和洋流变化,还可能叠加了多种因素的影响。 相似文献