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D. E. Ayres 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):155-168
The main Woodlawn ore lens is a polymetallic, massive sulphide deposit’ with pyrite the major constituent, variable sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, pyrrhotite and electrum. The silicate gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz, talc and sericitic mica. Other mineralization in the vicinity consists of footwall copper ore in chlorite schist and several smaller massive sulphide lenses. The predominant country rocks are felsic volcanics and shales, with abundant quartz, chlorite and mica, and talc in mineralized zones. An important textural feature of the massive ore is the fine compositional banding. Bands, which vary in thickness from a few tens of micrometres to several millimetres, are produced by variations in the sulphide content. Post‐depositional metomorphism and minor fracturing have only slightly modified this banding. Apart from the major element constituents—Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and S—the ore is characterized by significant (100–1000 ppm) values for Ag, As, Cd, Mn, Sb and Sn, and lower (1–100 ppm) values of Au, Bi, Co, Ga, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl. In and Ge. Variations in the base‐metal sulphide content, the gangue mineralogy, and trace elements, are used to separate the orebody into hanging‐wall and footwall zones. The hanging‐wall zone shows a more variable trace element content, with higher Tl, Sn, Ni, Mn, Ge and Sb, but lower Ag, Cd, and Mo, than the footwall zone. In general style of mineralization, mineralogy, and chemistry, the Woodlawn deposit resembles other volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in eastern Australia, in New Brunswick in Canada, and the Kuroko deposits of Japan. 相似文献
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太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。 相似文献
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《Sedimentology》1989,36(1):163-175
Books review in this article:
Tide-influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies, ed. by P. L. de Boer, A. van Gelder and S. D. Nio
Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level, A Handbook for Engineers and Scientists, by D. T. Pugh
Reservoir Sedimentology, ed. by R. W. Tillman and K. J. Weber
Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Welsh Basin, ed. by W. R. Fitches and N. H. Woodcock
Sediment Transport in Gravel Bed Rivers, ed. by C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst & R. D. Hey
Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, ed. by John Broadman
Biolaminated Deposits, by G. Gerdes & W. E. Krumbein
Dinosaurs Past and Present, ed. by S. J. Czerkas and E. C. Olson.
Abrupt Climatic Change, Evidence and Implications, ed. by W. H. Berger and L. D. Labeyrie
The Morphodynamics of the Wadden Sea, by J. Ehlers, A. A. Balkema
Paleokarst, ed. by N. P. James and P. W. Choquette
Sea-level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution, ed. by D. Nummedal, O. H. Pilkey and J. D. Howard 相似文献
Tide-influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies, ed. by P. L. de Boer, A. van Gelder and S. D. Nio
Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level, A Handbook for Engineers and Scientists, by D. T. Pugh
Reservoir Sedimentology, ed. by R. W. Tillman and K. J. Weber
Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Welsh Basin, ed. by W. R. Fitches and N. H. Woodcock
Sediment Transport in Gravel Bed Rivers, ed. by C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst & R. D. Hey
Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, ed. by John Broadman
Biolaminated Deposits, by G. Gerdes & W. E. Krumbein
Dinosaurs Past and Present, ed. by S. J. Czerkas and E. C. Olson.
Abrupt Climatic Change, Evidence and Implications, ed. by W. H. Berger and L. D. Labeyrie
The Morphodynamics of the Wadden Sea, by J. Ehlers, A. A. Balkema
Paleokarst, ed. by N. P. James and P. W. Choquette
Sea-level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution, ed. by D. Nummedal, O. H. Pilkey and J. D. Howard 相似文献
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天山志留纪生物地理特征及分区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天山志留纪生物丰富,包括笔石、珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫等10多个门类,由于伊塞克—伊犁板块的阻隔和尼古拉耶夫—图拉苏断裂带的影响,天山南北具有两种不同的古地理环境。根据生物组合和沉积相特征,将天山归入古亚洲域,并细分为2个省,3个亚省:I_1准噶尔—哈萨克斯坦省,包括博罗科努山、那拉提山、北山、西准噶尔和哈萨克斯坦;I_1~1西准噶尔—北天山亚省,包括早志留世笔石相碎屑岩,中志留世珊瑚、腕足相碳酸盐岩和晚志留世杂色碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩,局部含少量珊瑚腕足类;I_2南天山省,包括新疆南天山和原苏联南天山和中亚;I_2~1土尔克斯坦—哈尔克山亚省,包含早志留世碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,局部含笔石,中晚志留世碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩,含丰富的珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫,常形成珊瑚-层孔虫礁,火山岩不发育。I_2~2努腊套—费尔干纳亚省。整个志留纪为笔石相砂页岩沉积,火山活动微弱。 相似文献
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采用岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、成像测井及地震资料分析等手段,对滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集空间类型、形成因素及
展布特征进行了研究。结果表明,滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集层岩类主要为玄武岩、正长斑岩、火山角砾岩及熔结凝灰岩。
储集空间可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、原生裂缝及次生裂缝四种类型。其中,原生孔隙主要为气孔和粒间孔,原生裂缝
发育收缩缝和炸裂缝;次生孔隙以晶内溶孔、基质溶孔占绝对优势,次生裂缝以构造缝为主。研究区控制储集空间形成的
因素主要为火山岩岩性岩相、风化淋滤作用、构造作用及溶蚀作用,原生储集空间类型及发育位置受岩性岩相控制,而后
三种作用是该区形成次生储集空间的主要原因,且从西北至东南方向,其控制因素依次由岩性岩相过渡为风化淋滤作用,
直至构造和溶蚀作用 。据此,滴西17,14 井区的玄武岩原生气孔、火山角砾岩内粒间孔受岩性岩相控制均呈东北向长条状
展布;滴西10 井区熔结凝灰岩和火山角砾岩中的次生溶孔围绕断裂展布;滴西18 井区的斑晶、基质溶孔受岩体及断裂共同
制约。 相似文献
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流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
流体构造动力学是介于流体地质学和构造地质学之间的一个重要前沿领域 ,主要研究由流体的温度和压力等物理状态及其变化、流体的迁移与运动和流体与岩石矿物发生化学反应等物理与化学过程所引起的构造作用和动力学机制 ,研究内容涉及流体与构造的关系、流体的构造作用方式、流体构造类型与动力学成因机制。对流体构造动力学主要研究方向的研究成果进行了总结和回顾 ,介绍了流体构造动力学的一些研究进展 ,并指出流体是地壳运动、造山作用及岩石的褶皱和断裂等构造过程的重要参与者和组织者。 相似文献
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The network of undergraduate schools comprises 2,336 schools and sections in towns and the countryside, especially in Transylvania, Criana, Maramure and Banat. Preschool and primary education is given in Hungarian, German, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Slovak, Czech, Croat, Turkish, Polish and the Gypsy languages. Secondary and high-schools function only in Hungarian, German and Serbian. Instruction in Hungarian, German, Serbian, Slovak and the Ukrainian languages is given within some sections opened at certain secondary and high-schools. Publications, however, are far more numerous — newspapers and journals, magazines and reviews are issued in sixteen languages: Hungarian, German, Gypsy, Serbian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Turkish, Russian, Slovak, Czech, Armenian, Yiddish, Greek, Polish, Italian and Albanian. Some of these publications are bilingual, articles being written in Romanian, too, and others only in Romanian. 相似文献
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本文对甘南大夏河流域现存的生态环境问题进行了识别与诊断,对其生态问题成因进行了剖析,提出了相应的修复措施。研究显示,矿山环境破坏、草地退化沙化、水土流失、湿地萎缩和生物多样性减少是甘南大夏河流域目前主要的生态环境问题。针对这些主要问题,基于山水林田湖草沙一体化生态修复理念,划分了三个生态修复单元,确立了自然恢复、保护保育、辅助再生、生态重塑四种生态修复模式,提出了以水源涵养为核心的区域生态保护与修复策略,重点布设与实施矿山生态修复、草原生态保护修复、小流域生态保护修复、湿地和生物多样性保护修复、生态环境监测预警与评价系统等五大生态保护与修复工程。该研究可为甘南大夏河流域生态保护与修复提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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运用埋藏学与沉积地质学的研究方法与手段,对中国东部晚白垩世具有恐龙化石集群埋藏盆地中恐龙骨骼化石的埋藏地层层序与年代、埋藏骨骼化石特征、骨骼化石埋藏类型及其埋藏成因等进行了分析与总结,并将其产出时代、埋藏相、埋藏特征与国外进行了对比研究。研究认为:中国东部与国外相比,虽然化石产出的具体时期有所差异,但从恐龙种群、埋藏相及沉积地层学等方面均具有相似性,反映了晚白垩世全球古环境、古生态及古气候的相似性。(1)中国晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件可分为早期与晚期2个阶段:早期的Cenomanian期与晚期的Santonian-Maastrichtian期。而国外晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件只发生在晚期,在美洲及蒙古国发生在Campanian晚期,在欧洲则为Campanian-Maastrichtian期的过渡时期及Maastrichtian期。(2)中国埋藏骨骼化石种属以鸟脚类鸭嘴龙科与兽脚类恐龙为主,它们埋藏于紫红色地层中,埋藏环境主要为冲积扇与河流环境;美洲以鸭嘴龙科为主,欧洲与蒙古国的种群各地不相同,都埋藏于紫红色岩石地层中,埋藏环境主要为河流—泛滥平原。骨骼在不同沉积相组合地层中埋藏学特征各异,与古地理、古生态及古环境密切相关。(3)结合盆地中的化石埋藏学特征与盆地演化特征,总结了恐龙化石埋藏类型主要有原地埋藏与异地埋藏,盆地古地理格局变动、火山活动、古温度升高及古地震等事件的综合作用是可能的埋藏成因,并提出了恐龙化石的埋藏模式。此研究为揭示中国东部乃至全球晚白垩世的古地理、古气候及古生态环境及恐龙灭绝原因的探讨提供了新的材料与证据。 相似文献
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Mechanism analysis of hazards caused by the interaction between groundwater and geo-environment 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Groundwater is as an important geological agent. Moving groundwater may change the geological environment and cause geological hazards. Therefore, the interaction between groundwater and geo-environment has attracted increasing attention of hydrogeologists, geotechnical engineers and environmental geologists. In general, three main types of interaction between groundwater and the geological environment are identified in this paper, with several special processes for each one. These types include physical interaction, with processes of lubrication, softening or weakening and strengthening of bound water, chemical interaction with processes of ion exchange, dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, corrosion and oxidation-reduction, and mechanical interaction with processes of hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure. The interactions between groundwater and the geological environment can affect the deformability and strength of rock or soil masses. The geological process, engineering activity and heat can change the geo-stress field, recharge, throughflow and discharge conditions of groundwater. The consequence of interactions between groundwater flow and geo-stress changes the geological environment. Meanwhile, the interaction processes can induce geological hazards, such as reservoir-induced earthquakes, landslides, flooding of mines, ground engineering hazards, instability of dams, the collapse of cavities in carbonate and evaporate rocks, land subsidence and earthquakes. 相似文献
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四川会理 会东及邻区中元古界昆阳群 ,由下而上可分为力马河组、凤山营组和天宝山组 ,与古元古界河口群为不整合接触 ,其代表年龄值为 1 70 0± 1 0 0Ma～ 1 2 0 0± 1 0 0Ma。对这套地层的沉积学研究 ,前人涉及甚少。笔者在野外考察和室内分析的基础上 ,对其沉积相和沉积环境进行了详细的研究。初步认为研究区的中元古界昆阳群可分为 7种沉积相 ,进而探讨了该区的沉积演化历史。 相似文献
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甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道位于青藏高原东缘南北活动构造带中段,是中国东西部地质、地貌边界带,断裂活动性强,地震活动频繁。本文在区内地质资料收集分析和野外地质调查的基础上,从活动断裂、浅表层地质灾害、深埋隧道重大工程地质问题等角度,分析了甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道规划建设过程中可能遇到的工程地质问题,认为:研究区内对成兰铁路和甘肃天水等城镇具有重大影响的活动断裂带主要有15条,并对区域构造应力场具有重要影响,具有强震诱发背景;研究区内地质灾害极为发育,主要包括崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害的发育分布受强降雨、地震和活动断裂影响大,并发育一系列古地震滑坡,部分崩塌和滑坡方量大,具有高位、高速远程等特征,已严重制约着城镇、铁路、公路等地面工程建设,危害严重;研究区内深埋长大隧道多且工程地质问题复杂,已经遇到并严重受高地应力、软岩大变形、涌水突泥和高地温等重大工程地质问题的影响,同时还存在活动断裂断错效应对深埋隧道和桥梁等重要工程设施的长期影响。针对上述工程地质问题,深入探讨了其发育分布规律,并提出了调查研究途径和解决办法,对区内重要城镇、重大工程规划建设具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Mohammad Eesa Al-Dabbagh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):835-843
Paleozoic successions in Saudi Arabia are exposed around and bordering the south, north, and northeastern edge of the Arabian shield. They are represented by the Wajid group in the south and by the Taymah, Tabuk, Qalibah, Huj, and Buraydah groups in the north and northeast. The Wajid group includes Dibsiyah, Sanamah, Khusayyan, and Juwayl formations. The Taymah group includes Siq, Amai’er, Quweira, Saq, and Qasim formations. The Tabuk group includes Zarqa, Sara, and Hawban formations. The Qalibah group includes Baq’a, Qusaiba, and Sharawra formations. The Huj group includes Tawil, Jauf, and Jubah formations. The Buraydah group includes Berwath, Unayzah, and Khuff formations. The Wajid group form one block in the south and the other groups form another block in the north, and they can be correlated. There are similarities between the northern belt which consists of the Cambro-Ordovician formations of the Tayma and Tabuk groups and the southern belt which consists of the Dibsiyah and Sanama formations of the Wajid group. Similarities include sandstone composition, sedimentary environment, paleocurrent directions, unconformities, tectonic events, and influence of Gondwana glaciations. These formations and probably some or all the rest of the Paleozoic formations used to form one block but later separated after erosion caused by gradual tectonic growth, uplift, and prominence of the Arabian shield. During early Paleozoic time, the process started by poststabilization then sedimentation and at a later stage the growth and uplift of the shield occurred gradually. Growth of shields is a fact and it is the only way to explain the exposure of the Wajid sandstone on top of the highest mountain of the shield which exceeds 3,000 m in As Sawdah in Asir area in southwestern Saudi Arabia. The sandstone sediments of these outcrops were deposited on a low lying basin before been raised to this elevation. 相似文献
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Rehanul Haq SIDDIQUI M. Qasim JAN Mohammad Asif KHAN M. Ishaq KAKAR John D. FODEN 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1248-1263
The Late Cretaceous Chagai arc outcrops in western Pakistan, southern Afghanistan and eastern Iran. It is in the Tethyan convergence zone, formed by northward subduction of the Arabian oceanic plate beneath the Afghan block. The oldest unit of the Chagai arc is the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. This is composed of porphyritic lava flows and volcaniclastic rocks, and subordinate shale, sandstone, limestone and chert. The flows are fractionated low-K tholeiitic basalts, basaltic-andesites, and andesites. Relative enrichment in their LILE and depletion in HFSE, and negative Nb and Ta and positive K, Ba and Sr anomalies point to a subduction-related origin. Compared to MORB, the least fractionated Chagai basalts have low Na2O, Fe2O3T, CaO, Ti, Zr, Y and 87Sr/86Sr. Rather than an Andean setting, these results suggest derivation from a highly depleted mantle in an intraoceanic arc formed by Late Cretaceous convergence in the Ceno-Tethys. The segmented subduction zone formed between Gondwana and a collage of small continental blocks (Iran, Afghan, Karakoram, Lhasa and Burma) was accompanied by a chain of oceanic island arcs and suprasubduction ophiolites including Semail, Zagros, Chagai-Raskoh, Kandahar, Muslim Bagh, Waziristan and Kohistan-Ladakh, Nidar, Nagaland and Manipur. These complexes accreted to the southern margin of Eurasia in the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
17.
地壳不同构造层次岩石变形机制及其构造岩类型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构造岩记录地壳构造变形演化重要信息,其成因、分类与命名一直没有统一认识。本文对构造岩变形机制、控制因素和构造岩分类进行系统总结。认为构造岩形成受物质成分、变形机制、应变速率、流体、温度、压力等因素控制,是物质成分与物理化学条件、变形机制等众多变量的函数。变形机制包括破裂作用、碎裂流动、晶质塑性、物质扩散、重结晶作用和超塑性流动,不同变形机制出现在不同地壳构造层次中,形成不同的显微组构。依据成因机制、物质组成和组构等标志对构造岩分类与命名进行重新修订,将构造岩划分为碎裂岩系列和变质构造岩系列,前者发育在地壳浅构造层次上,以破裂作用和碎裂流动变形机制为主;后者发育在中深部构造层次上,以晶质塑性、重结晶作用、物质扩散作用和超塑性流动作用为主。碎裂岩系列划分碎裂岩、角砾岩、微角砾岩、超碎裂岩、断层泥和假玄武玻璃;变质构造岩系列划分为构造片岩、糜棱岩和构造片麻岩。依据岩石流变性质、变形机制和构造岩分布,地壳构造层次划分为:脆性域,变形机制以碎裂作用和碎裂流动为主,发育碎裂岩系列;脆-韧性转换域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作用为主,并伴随有碎裂作用,形成糜棱岩、千糜岩和构造片岩;低温韧性域,以晶质塑性、物质扩散和重结晶作为主,发育糜棱岩与构造片岩;高温韧性域,以超塑性蠕变和重结晶作用为主,形成构造片麻岩。 相似文献
18.
The primary halos of porphyry copper deposits are characterized by compositional zoning in three dimensions. Two ideal zoning patterns can be divided in accordance with the shape of primary halos in space: bell-shaped and anticline-shaped. In the process of alteration-mineralization, K, Si, (OH), Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, S, Ba, Rb, Pb, Zn, As, etc. were imported, while Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, V, Co, Sr, Pb, Zn, etc. were exported or became activated, and then transported and reprecipitated. Both import and export of Fe, Pb and Zn may have taken place. The fundamental factors controlling the zoning of primary halos are: the stability of complexes and the activity of elements; pH, Eh, the behaviour of sulfur and the sulphophile character of elements; the concentration of components and the regularities of isomorphism; temperature and pressure; and tectonic setting and lithological characters of wallrocks. The authors consider that the zoning patterns of primary halos in porphyry copper deposits are the outcome of integrated effects of various factors. 相似文献
19.
文章综合分析研究了中国21个夕卡岩矿床中的130个角闪石的成分分析数据。根据夕卡岩类型及其伴生金属矿化的不同，把角闪石分为4大类：钙夕卡岩中的角闪石多属钙角闪石，包括绿钙闪石、铁角闪石、镁绿钙闪石、铁浅闪石、阳起石、铁阳起石、铁镁钙闪石和铁韭闪石等；镁夕卡岩中的角闪石以透闪石为主，局部有浅闪石或韭闪石；锰质夕卡岩中的角闪石有锰质阳起石、锰质透闪石、锰直闪石和锰镁闪石；碱质夕卡岩中的角闪石属钠-钙角闪石或钠角闪石类，包括钠透闪石、镁亚铁钠闪石、亚铁钠闪石、镁铝钠闪石和镁钠闪石。碳酸盐围岩和有关侵入岩的成分对角闪石的类型、成分及其伴生金属矿化起重要的作用。 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):870-882
Copper-bearing sandstones and shales of Yunnan, China are found in Jurassic and Cretaceous red beds of the central and eastern Yunnan paraplatform and the western Yunnan parageosyncline. Several such deposits, which the author states are of some size and good quality, have been found and explored in the last few years. The copper-bearing sandstone and shale deposits range from typical syngenetic to hydrothermal with some transitional types. The primary deposits formed as syngenetic precipitation of copper minerals with shale, sandstone, and local conglomerate in lacustrine delta facies in a subsiding basin. Sedimentation was cyclic, and nine sedimentation cycles are distinguished. Copper-bearing sandstone and conglomerate were deposited mainly in the lower beds of a cycle and copper-bearing shale in the middle and upper sections, mainly in shallow water. The basin was broad in its early stages, but sinking in the later stages was more confined. More than 10, 000 m of red bed-type, sediments formed in the deepest depressions; part of the younger sediment was cannibalized from earlier basin deposits. Syngenetic deposits range from lenticular impregnations to widespread thin deposits. Pyrite chalcopyrite, and bornite, and their oxidation products, are in these beds, many of which are not of minable thickness or grade. Post-Cretaceous orogeny formed folds and rift zones and was accompanied by felsic and mafic intrusive rocks and mafic lavas. The copper in some areas was mobilized from syngenetic source beds and moved into structural traps, into beds of greater porosity, and into fracture zones. Most of the commercial deposits are mobilized ores. In the latter, chalcocite, bornite, and chalcopyrite are in bedded deposits and these, together with cobalt-bearing tennantite, are in the vein and stockwork deposits. Neither the location of individual deposits or grade of ore is given. – A.R. Kinkel, Jr. 相似文献