共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 513 毫秒
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为减小岩溶区地质灾害带来的损失,以广西岩溶区为例,分析了广西岩溶地质的分布特点,对广西岩溶区的工程地质灾害进行研究分类,对岩溶区工程场地处理方法进行研究,综述了地表封闭防渗法、地面下加固处理法、结构物跨越法三大方法的原理、实施效果和实用性。研究发现:由于降雨和地下岩石类别差异等因素,广西的岩溶分布类型具有强烈的地域特性,形成了三大岩溶地貌特征;产生岩溶区地质灾害最主要的诱因是地下水的变化,重要工程中定时定点监控地下水变化十分重要;广西的岩溶区溶洞和土洞塌陷主要是人为因素造成的。 相似文献
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萍-乐坳陷带为江西省最主要的隐伏岩溶发育区带之一,岩溶地层发育,地表水、地下水循环交替强烈,地质构造复杂,为岩溶的发育、岩溶地下水的富集提供了良好的条件。查明岩溶发育规律及岩溶水的富集特征,可为地下水资源合理开发与地质环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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岩溶对工程建设选址和工程灾害预防具有重大影响.但因场地地质条件和地球物理场复杂多变,使岩溶形成发育具有较大随机性和隐蔽性,为了快速、精准定位岩溶空间位置及展布,研究岩溶发育地质机理具有重大意义.基于此,本文以乌东德K25岩溶为例,研究了岩溶形成发育地质机理及综合勘察方法,发现岩溶的形成发育受地质构造、构造运动、可溶岩和地形地貌等内因控制,并受到地下水活动、溶岩出露面积、地表水入渗面积、补给条件和溶蚀时间等外因影响;其中,作为内因的控水地质构造对岩溶的形成特征及空间分布的影响较大;综合多种勘察手段联合探测,克服了单一物探方法多解性并消除假异常,提高了探测范围和精度.结果表明K25岩溶沿可溶岩和非可溶岩地层分界面发育,向可溶岩内部延展,地下水沿分界面不断溶蚀,呈现多种因素影响的规律.本文综合勘察方法可快速圈定易溶蚀区域,探测深度和水平范围更广,耦合的地质-物探联合解译的方法提高了勘察精度和准确性.同时本方法可为其他水利水电工程提供借鉴. 相似文献
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在我国,岩溶是一种分布比较普遍的不良地质作用,在一定条件下可能发生地质灾害,严重威胁工程安全。本文依据大连开发区域小窑湾的区域地质、地质构造、水文地质等情况,分析了该区岩溶形成机理,并结合工程实例,总结了本区域岩溶的发育规律,提出了相应的岩溶灾害治理措施。 相似文献
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城市岩溶塌陷灾害风险评估方法：以贵州六盘水市为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩溶塌陷是我国岩溶区主要地质灾害,它和崩塌、滑坡、泥石流以及地面沉降、地裂缝等构成我国六大地质灾害类型。随着我国“地质灾害防治管理办法”颁布和实施,不同灾种的风险评估已成为地质灾害防治管理的重要内容。针对城市岩溶塌陷风险评估问题,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所塌陷项目组结合多年岩溶塌陷研究的经验,研制开发了基于ＧＩＳ技术的岩溶塌陷灾害管理与风险评估系统（ＧＭＲＳ）。本文以水城盆地为例,全面介绍运用Ｇ 相似文献
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由于受大型地下工程施工大量抽排地下水的影响,广州市大坦沙和金沙洲先后发生了大规模岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害,为查明区内岩溶发育和断裂带的分布情况,综合运用土壤氡浓度测量、高密度电法、浅层地震反射波、弹性波CT和地质雷达进行探则.由于受各种管线、电磁和震动的干扰,在城市开展电法、磁法、浅层地震等受到限制,而土壤氡浓度测量具有不受地电、地磁和震动干扰的优点.本文以土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害应用为例,说明了土壤氡浓度测量机理、方法技术和影响因素,结果表明土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害调查中取得了显著的效果,为广州市金沙洲和大坦沙地质灾害防治提供了基础资料. 相似文献
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《山西地震》1982,(2)
[地下水]以各种形式存在于地壳岩石或土的空隙(孔隙、裂隙、溶洞)中的水.按照存在的形式,可分为气态水、吸着水、薄膜水、毛细管水、重力水和固态水等.按照埋藏条件,又可分为上层滞水、潜水和承压水三个基本类型.每一类型又根据地下水赋存的形式再分为孔隙水、裂隙水和岩溶水(溶洞水)三类以及一些过渡类型(如裂隙—岩溶水等).地下水一方面可作为居民生活用水、工业用水以及农业灌溉用水的水源,含有特殊组分或有较高温度的地下水还可用于医疗、热能利用和提取有用元素.另一方面,在某些情况下,它又能淹没矿坑或引起土壤盐碱化等,具有危害作用.[水文地质学]研究地下水的学科.它主要研究地下水的形成、分布与运动规律以及它的物理性质与化学成分等.目的是寻找地下水、合理开发利用地下水、防 相似文献
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在对5·12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上,总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点,探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等;次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致,与断裂带密切相关,并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址,合理避让地质灾害高风险地段;对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固,山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求,要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动,预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。 相似文献
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电磁波层析成像技术在复杂地质边坡工程勘察中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
复杂的边坡工程地质条件决定了建设摩崖石刻工程的位置和规模,但边坡上发育的崩塌、坠石等地质灾害和多变的地形地貌条件严重影响了边坡地质工程勘察的安全性、准确性和勘察技术方法的有效性,本文应用孔间电磁波层析成像技术探测和评价边坡工程内破碎带、岩溶以及岩体完整性变化等地质工程问题以及地质解释的关键技术.电磁波衰减特征及电磁波衰减吸收系数的变化趋势和异常结构特征可以有效地反映边坡岩体内节理发育带、岩溶以及场区具控制作用的溶蚀断裂带的发育深度及影响范围,评价边坡岩体完整性的垂向分带和空间分区特征,为边坡工程建造提供科学依据. 相似文献
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In China, 9·5% of the landmass is karst terrain and of that 47,000 km2 is located in semiarid regions. In these regions the karst aquifers feed many large karst springs within basins of thousands of square kilometres. Spring discharges reflect the fluctuation of ground water level and variability of ground water storage in the basins. However, karst aquifers are highly heterogeneous and monitoring data are sparse in these regions. Therefore, for sustainable utilization and conservation of karst ground water it is necessary to simulate the spring flows to acquire better understanding of karst hydrological processes. The purpose of this study is to develop a parsimonious model that accurately simulates spring discharges using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The karst spring aquifer was treated as a non‐linear input/output system to simulate the response of karst spring flow to precipitation and applied the model to the Niangziguan Springs, located in the east of Shanxi Province, China and a representative of karst springs in a semiarid area. Moreover, the ANN model was compared with a previous time‐lag linear model and it was found that the ANN model performed better. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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There are approximately 470,000 km(2) of karst aquifers that feed many large springs in North China. Turbulent flow often exists in these karst aquifers, which means that the classical ground water model based on Darcy's law cannot be applied here. Ground water data are rare for these aquifers. As a consequence, it is difficult to quantitatively investigate ground water flow in these karst systems. The purpose of this study is to develop a parsimonious model that predicts karst spring discharge using gray system theory. In this theory, a white color denotes a system that is completely characterized and a black color represents a system that is totally unknown. A gray system thus describes a complex system whose characteristics are only partially known or known with uncertainty. Using this theory, we investigated the karst spring discharge time series over different time scales. First, we identified three specific components of spring discharge: the long-term trend, periodic variation, and random fluctuation. We then used the gray system model to simulate the long-term trend and obtain periodic variation and random fluctuation components. Subsequently, we developed a predictive model for karst spring discharge. Application of the model to Liulin Springs, a representative example of karst springs in northern China, shows that the model performs well. The predicted results suggest that the Liulin Springs discharge will likely decrease over time, with small fluctuations. 相似文献
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Localization of saturated karst aquifer with magnetic resonance sounding and resistivity imagery 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vouillamoz JM Legchenko A Albouy Y Bakalowicz M Baltassat JM Al-Fares W 《Ground water》2003,41(5):578-586
To answer one of the main questions of hydrogeologists implementing boreholes or working on pollution questions in a karst environment--i.e., where is the ground water?--numerous tools including geophysics are used. However, the contribution of geophysics differs from one method to the other. The magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method has the advantage of direct detection of ground water over other geophysical methods. Eight MRSs were implemented over a known karst conduit explored and mapped by speleologists to estimate the MRS ability to localize ground water. Two direct current resistivity imageries (DC-2D imagery) were also implemented to check their capability to map a known cave. We found that the MRS is a useful tool to locate ground water in karst as soon as the quantity of water is enough to be detected. The threshold quantity is a function of depth and it was estimated by forward modeling to propose a support graph to hydrogeologists. The measured MRS's signals could be used to calculate transmissivity and permeability estimators. These estimators were used to map and to draw a cross section of the case study site, which underline accurately the known karst conduit location and depth. We also found that the DC-2D imagery could underline the karst structures: It was able to detect the known cave through its associated faults. We prepared a computer simulation to check the depth of such a cave to induce resistivity anomaly which could be measured in similar conditions. 相似文献
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Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in karst environments are strongly controlled by heterogeneous fracture-conduit networks. Quantifying the spatio-temporal variability of water transit time and young water fractions in such heterogeneous hydrogeological systems is fundamental to linking discharge and water quality dynamics in the karst critical zone. We used a tracer-aided conceptual hydrological model to track the fate of each hour of rain input individually. Using this approach, the variability of transit time distributions and young water fraction were estimated in the main landscape units in a karst catchment of Chenqi in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The model predicted that the mean young water (i.e., <~2 months old) fraction of ground conduit flow is 0.31. Marked seasonal variabilities in water storage and hydrological connectivity between the conduit network and fractured matrix, as well as between hillslopes and topographic depression, drive the dynamics of young water fraction and travel time distributions in each landscape unit. Especially, the strong hydrological connectivity between the land surface and underground conduits caused by the direct infiltration through large fractures and sinkholes, leads the drastic increasement in young water fraction of runoff after heavy rain. Even though the contribution of young water to runoff is greater, the strong mixing and drainage of small fractures accelerate the old water release during high flows during the wet season. It is notable that the young water may sometimes be the most contaminated component contributing to the underground conduit network in karst catchments, because of the direct transfer of contaminants from the ground surface with rain water via large fractures and sinkholes. 相似文献
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South China karst aquifer storm-scale hydrochemistry 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
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A cloud method for generating percentile engineering demand parameter versus intensity measure(EDP-IM) curves of a structure subjected to a set of synthetic ground motions is presented. To this end, an ensemble of synthetic ground motions based on available real ones is generated. This is done by using attenuation relationships, duration and suitable Gutenberg-Richter relations attributed to the considered seismic hazard at a given site by estimating a suitable distribution of magnitude and site to source distance. The study aims to clarify the significance of the duration and frequency content on the seismic performance of structures, which were not considered in developing percentile incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) curves. The collapse probabilities of two steel moment-resisting frames with different ductility levels generated by IDA and the proposed cloud method are compared at different intensity levels. When compared with conventional IDA, the suggested cloud analysis(SCA) methodology with the same run number of dynamic analyses was able to develop response hazard curves that were more consistent with site-specific seismic hazards. Eliminating the need to find many real records by generating synthetic records consistent with site-specific seismic hazards from a few available recorded ground motions is another advantage of using this scheme over the IDA method.. 相似文献
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Broadband ground motion simulation using a hybrid approach of the May 21, 2021 M7.4 earthquake in Maduo,Qinghai, China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yijun Liu Xiaofen Zhao Zengping Wen Jie Liu Bo Chen Chunyao Bu Chao Xu 《地震科学（英文版）》2023,36(3):175-199
In this study, the broadband ground motions of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake were simulated to overcome the scarcity of ground motion recordings and the low resolution of macroseismic intensity map in sparsely populated high-altitude regions. The simulation was conducted with a hybrid methodology, combining a stochastic high-frequency simulation with a low-frequency ground motion simulation, from the regional 1-D velocity structure model and the Wang WM et al.(2022) source rupture model,respect... 相似文献
19.
George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献