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1.
This paper deals with the use of ARMA models in earthquake engineering. Tools and methods applied to strong ground motion are discussed emphasizing simulation of probabilistic earthquake response spectra. The ARMA models are applied to Icelandic earthquake data and a tentative model for Icelandic earthquakes is presented. This model, which is derived using 54 accelerograms, is based on a low-order, time-invariant ARMA process excited by Gaussian white noise and amplitude modulated using a simple envelope function to account for the non-stationary characteristics. This simple model gives a reasonable fit to the observed ground motion. Further, this model produces accurate earthquake response spectra, which, combined with accompanying attenuation and duration formulae, might be useful in earthquake hazard and risk assessment. 相似文献
2.
Some existing models for the simulation of earthquake acceleration show the difficulties in determining the involved parameters and in describing frequency content. A non-stationary modulated random process obtained as the product of a time envelope function and a stationary random function is used to simulate earthquake acceleration. The parameters and the distribution of frequencies of the simulation process are obtainable from past earthquake records. This simple and realistic model is suggested for use as the input process in aseismic design of structures. 相似文献
3.
A method for generating a suite of synthetic ground motion time‐histories for specified earthquake and site characteristics defining a design scenario is presented. The method employs a parameterized stochastic model that is based on a modulated, filtered white‐noise process. The model parameters characterize the evolving intensity, predominant frequency, and bandwidth of the acceleration time‐history, and can be identified by matching the statistics of the model to the statistics of a target‐recorded accelerogram. Sample ‘observations’ of the parameters are obtained by fitting the model to a subset of the NGA database for far‐field strong ground motion records on firm ground. Using this sample, predictive equations are developed for the model parameters in terms of the faulting mechanism, earthquake magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, and the site shear‐wave velocity. For any specified set of these earthquake and site characteristics, sets of the model parameters are generated, which are in turn used in the stochastic model to generate the ensemble of synthetic ground motions. The resulting synthetic acceleration as well as corresponding velocity and displacement time‐histories capture the main features of real earthquake ground motions, including the intensity, duration, spectral content, and peak values. Furthermore, the statistics of their resulting elastic response spectra closely agree with both the median and the variability of response spectra of recorded ground motions, as reflected in the existing prediction equations based on the NGA database. The proposed method can be used in seismic design and analysis in conjunction with or instead of recorded ground motions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
A method for generating an ensemble of orthogonal horizontal ground motion components with correlated parameters for specified earthquake and site characteristics is presented. The method employs a parameterized stochastic model that is based on a time‐modulated filtered white‐noise process with the filter having time‐varying characteristics. Whereas the input white‐noise excitation describes the stochastic nature of the ground motion, the forms of the modulating function and the filter and their parameters characterize the evolutionary intensity and nonstationary frequency content of the ground motion. The stochastic model is fitted to a database of recorded horizontal ground motion component pairs that are rotated into their principal axes, a set of orthogonal axes along which the components are statistically uncorrelated. Model parameters are identified for each ground motion component in the database. Using these data, predictive equations are developed for the model parameters in terms of earthquake and site characteristics and correlation coefficients between parameters of the two components are estimated. Given a design scenario specified in terms of earthquake and site characteristics, the results of this study allow one to generate realizations of correlated model parameters and use them along with simulated white‐noise processes to generate synthetic pairs of horizontal ground motion components along the principal axes. The proposed simulation method does not require any seed recorded ground motion and is ideal for use in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
本文首先针对平稳随机地震动谱拟合问题建立了一个统一的谱拟合模型,在此基础上,提出了一新的具分段均布随机频率的拟合模型,并与几类常用的谱拟合模型进行了比较研究,指出拟合模型的频率特性对拟合功率谱与反应谱具有显著的影响。算例表明,当结构的自振频率与拟合模型的分量频率接近时,计算的响应值明显偏大,对于小阻尼情况,这一现象更为明显。 相似文献
6.
针对工程中常见的非平稳地震动激励,进一步建立了时变功率谱估计的理论框架。首先,在多个样本情形下,采用信号处理中的时频分析方法对非平稳激励的时变谱估计理论进行了讨论。当激励样本数量有限时,对Priestley提出的估计方法进行了介绍。其次,以地震工程中常用的Kanai-Tajimi谱模型为目标,分别对均匀调制与一般调制谱的估计结果以及不同估计方法的精度与收敛性进行评价后,提出了能够方便工程应用的建议。最后,针对SMART-Ⅰ(Strong Motion Array in Taiwan,Phase Ⅰ)密集台阵第45次地震记录的多组三维样本,揭示了EW、NS、UD三个方向时变谱的典型特征以及各方向间的时变相干性。结果表明:与短时Fourier变换相比,复Morlet小波与广义谐和小波估计谱具有较好的精度与收敛性,Priestley方法估计单个样本具有优势;SMART-Ⅰ台阵地震动具有强度和频率的双重非平稳性,三个方向具有弱相干性。研究结论可为拓展谱估计理论的工程应用以及后续大跨结构多维多点非平稳地震响应的分析提供参考。 相似文献
7.
HSU HouTse 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(6):918-926
According to the features of spatial spectrum of the dynamic ocean topography (DOT),wavelet filter is proposed to reduce short-wavelength and noise signals in DOT. The surface geostrophic currents calculated from the DOT models filtered by wavelet filter in global and Kuroshio regions show more detailed information than those from the DOT models filtered by Gaussian filter. Based on a satellite gravity field model (CG01C) and a gravity field model (EGM96),combining an altimetry-derived mean sea surface height model (KMSS04),two mean DOT models are estimated. The short-wavelength and noise signals of these two DOT models are removed by using wavelet filter,and the DOT models asso-ciated global mean surface geostrophic current fields are calculated separately. Comparison of the surface geostrophic currents from CG01C and EGM96 model in global,Kuroshio and equatorial Pacific regions with that from oceanography,and comparison of influences of the two gravity models errors on the precision of the surface geostrophic currents velocity show that the accuracy of CG01C model has been greatly improved over pre-existing models at long wavelengths. At large and middle scale,the surface geostrophic current from satellite gravity and satellite altimetry agrees well with that from oceanography,which indicates that ocean currents detected by satellite measurement have reached relatively high precision. 相似文献
8.
通过人工爆破资料研究地球结构的独特优点是震源时间和位置精确知道.2010—2012年间福建省进行了一系列的爆破实验.本文利用手工拾取来自省地震台网记录的爆破地震初至Pg、Pn以及续至Pg波到时数据,采用联合反演方法构建了新的一维P波速度模型,即福建爆破模型(FJEM).与华南模型相比,FJEM模型对走时的拟合程度提高了45%,有明显改善.利用不同爆破地震数据组合得到稳定类似的福建地区一维速度模型,显示福建地区存在较简单的一维速度结构.对爆破地震的重定位显示传统使用的华南模型在福建地区具有较小的水平定位误差(平均0.52±0.45km),但存在较大深度误差(平均4.7±1.2km).FJEM模型表现出与华南模型相似的水平定位能力,但是震源深度误差更小(1.3±1.1km).对基于FJEM模型的合成天然地震目录的重定位,华南模型显示出相似的定位结果:(1)台站方位覆盖较好的福建中部地区的水平定位误差小;(2)台站方位覆盖差的福建海岸及海峡区域水平定位误差大;(3)震源深度误差则跟台站数目及方位分布没有明显的关系,而是与发震时间误差有互易关系.从中可以看出,地震水平定位误差基本上受台站方位覆盖影响,而受参考速度模型影响不大;而在深度方面,本文改进的FJEM模型不仅更加接近真实的速度结构(拟合走时更好)而且也减小了深度误差.因此建议在福建及其邻近区域的日常定位中用FJEM模型替代华南模型. 相似文献
9.
活断层与古地震定量数据在美国近三代地震区划图中的应用基本上体现了各阶段活断层研究的最新成果,其中断裂震源模型起到了桥梁的作用,并不断得到完善。在1996年地震区划图中引入了特征地震模型与截断的G—R模型,用以表述断层的震级一频度分布关系。在2002年地震区划图中更明确地处理了参数的不确定性,并引入逻辑树概念,同时在特征地震模型中试用了多段破裂模型。在2008年地震区划图中引用了更为广泛的逻辑树来描述地震构造几何形态、地震震级和复发周期的不确定性,其中特征地震模型包括：单段破裂和多段破裂的特征地震模型,以及给定震级的浮动地震模型（或不固定分段模型）。这些经验值得在我国第五代地震区划图的编制工作中借鉴。 相似文献
10.
Autogressive moving-average (ARMA) models and their uniformly modulated forms are considered appropriate for seismic records of earthquakes by a large number of investigators. This article presents a reason for this and offers some explanation. It uses a model for wave propagation in a layered media and compares the derived transfer function for transmitted and reflected waves with those for ARMA processes. It demonstrates that the ARMA behavior of records is due to the transmission path with source acting as a modulating function (envelope function). 相似文献
11.
R. S. Jangid 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(15):1417-1428
Earthquake excitation is often modelled by non‐stationary random process (i.e. uniformly modulated broad‐band excitation) for analysis of structural safety subjected to seismic hazards. In this paper, the non‐stationary response of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system to non‐stationary earthquake motion is investigated for different shapes of modulating functions. The evolutionary power‐spectral density function (PSDF) of the displacement of the SDOF system is obtained using the time‐varying frequency response function and the PSDF of the earthquake excitation. The close form expressions for time‐varying frequency response function are derived for different shapes of the modulating functions. In order to study the effects of the shape of the modulating function, a comparison of the non‐stationary earthquake response of the SDOF system is also made for different modulating functions having the same energy content. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
13.
平稳随机地震地面运动过程模型及其统计特征 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
地震地面运动过程具有强烈的随机性,应用随机理论对实际工程结构进行地震可靠性分析和抗震设计与加固时都需要建立合理的随机地震地面运动模型,本文选择3种典型的随机地震动模型,即理想白噪声模型、金井清模型和改进的金井消模型,分析了它们的物理概念、频域特征以及适用范围。引入状态向量,建立状态方程．通过复振型叠加法分析了地震地面运动过程的时域统计特性,推导出3种随机地震动模型的相关函数的解析表达式．这些结果可为结构随机地震反应时域分析和抗震可靠性评估提供基础。 相似文献
14.
Gongkang Fu 《地震工程与结构动力学》1995,24(10):1355-1370
For single-degree-of-freedom systems, this paper presents an explicit solution of response statistics to earthquake excitation modelled by modulated filtered white noise. The modulation is described by the sum of exponentially decaying functions, accounting for non-stationarity of strong ground motion. The solution was obtained by analysis in the time domain using the state-space approach and impulse responses. This solution is reducible to several known solutions for simpler cases. Also, it may be used to develop probabilistic seismic response spectra for design and retrofit of structures, such as highway bridges. 相似文献
15.
针对现阶段地震人员死亡评估模型在评估特定区域地震时评估结果误差较大的问题, 结合中国地震灾害特点、 人口分布情况等, 将中国大陆划分为西北、 西南和大陆东部三个地区, 并对各区域按照人口密度进行分级。 采用多元非线性回归方法, 选取震中烈度、 震区面积、 抗震设防烈度参数建立分区域的地震灾害人员死亡评估模型。 研究结果表明, 该模型在西北、 西南地区的验证结果较好, 适用于中国地震灾害情况, 可以用于震后快速盲评估, 在一定程度上能够避免评估不同震级、 相同震中烈度和人口密度的地震时, 出现相同结果的情况; 虽然该模型在震例较少的大陆东部地区以及城市直下型地震中评估结果需要进一步改进, 但为解决特定区域地震死亡评估中误差较大问题提供了思路, 能够为震后应急指挥和救援提供数据参考。 相似文献
16.
Mark K. Chang Jan W. Kwiatkowski Robert F. Nau Robert M. Oliver Karl S. Pister 《地震工程与结构动力学》1982,10(5):651-662
This paper outlines the use of discrete, autoregressive/moving-average (ARMA) models for identification and estimation of parameters in models derived from analysis of uniformly digitized earthquake ground motion acceleration data. Such models are of equal generality as compared to continuous-time models and have a number of significant advantages for purposes of digital analysis and simulation. The structure of ARMA models is briefly described, their relation to continuous models noted, and results of their application to a number of recorded accelerograms summarized. 相似文献
17.
A Markov method of analysis is presented for obtaining the seismic response of cable‐stayed bridges to non‐stationary random ground motion. A uniformly modulated non‐stationary model of the random ground motion is assumed which is specified by the evolutionary r.m.s. ground acceleration. Both vertical and horizontal components of the motion are considered to act simultaneously at the bridge supports. The analysis duly takes into account the angle of incidence of the earthquake, the spatial correlation of ground motion and the quasi‐static excitation. A cable‐stayed bridge is analysed under a set of parametric variations in order to study the non‐stationary response of the bridge. The results of the numerical study indicate that (i) frequency domain spectral analysis with peak r.m.s. acceleration as input could provide more r.m.s. response than the peak r.m.s. response obtained by the non‐stationary analysis; (ii) the longitudinal component of the ground motion significantly influences the vertical vibration of the bridge; and (iii) the angle of incidence of the earthquake has considerable influence on the deck response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of structural fuzzy random seismic response 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
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19.
本文介绍了特征地震的对数正态分布模型、 正态分布模型和布朗过程时间模型, 提出了使用地震破裂面源模型的特征地震含时间的概率地震危险性分析理论和方法. 通过具体算例对不同的特征地震模型进行了比较, 并对特征地震危险性分析方法进行了系统探索. 研究结果表明, 特征地震含时间模型在复发周期早期的地震危险性低于不含时间模型, 而在后期其地震危险性则高于不含时间模型. 特征地震复发周期的对数正态分布模型与布朗过程时间模型计算得出的地震危险性差别不大. 在未到期望复发时间时, 正态分布模型与前两种模型计算的地震危险性差别不大; 而接近期望复发时间及之后时段, 正态分布模型计算的地震危险性则迅速增大. 相似文献
20.
利用中国地震台网和IRIS数据中心提供的近远震数字地震波形记录,首先读取P波初动方向,在考虑深度误差和速度模型引起的离源矢量误差基础上,利用网格搜索方法,计算了2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震断层面解,其断层面走向/倾角/滑动角依次为212°/44°/92°.然后采用近远震波形联合反演方法(CAPjoint),反演了地震矩心深度和点源近似下双力偶解,表明地震发生在12 km深度,发震断层面参数为212°/47°/93°.通过分析波形反演中深度和震源区地震波速度模型对断层面倾角的影响,并结合短期余震机制解,认为芦山MS7.0地震是一个高角度逆冲地震. 相似文献