共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
AbstractThe Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s position is always accompanied by a degree of error, but the degree of error depends on the specific position fixing system used. In order to increase the accuracy of position fixing in VTS systems, the authors propose the use of contemporary geodetic methods. The article presents the theoretical fundamentals of two unconventional geodesic methods of estimation: M estimation and Msplit(q)estimation and the authors’ own proposal of their application in VTS systems. The article concludes with a test verifying theoretical assumptions, performed with the use of a computer application allowing position fixing with the use of selected robust adjustment methods. Furthermore, an example is presented of Msplit(q)estimation as used for the acquisition of low-signal radar echoes, which in VTS systems are not automatically identified for tracking. The level of the echo signal makes it difficult for a VTS controller to separate these objects from typical radar noise and interference. 相似文献
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Abstract The Canadian program for obtaining hydrographic data by aerial methods consists of merging laser bathymeter data with photogrammetric depth data. The main deficiency of the photogrammetric approach for bathymetric measurements is that incomplete stereomodels can occur in areas where little or no land appears. This problem is overcome by using an inertial navigation system (INS) hardmounted to the aerial camera to provide the orientation parameters of position and attitude for each photograph. In order to meet the high accuracy requirement, the INS and other complementary navigation data are processed through a post‐mission track recovery software package. The photogrammetric depths are improved further by merging them with the waterline height information and the laser bathymeter depths using a least‐squares adjustment algorithm. The photogrammetric compilation, depth measurements, shoreline plots, and laser bathymeter integration is done in an analytical stereoplotter. This instrument provides an on‐line refraction correction necessary because of the two‐media mode of operation. Results of a recent pilot project indicate that the integrated system is capable of obtaining depth measurements that agree with echo sounder depth measurements to a precision of .65 m (RMS), and that it can position measured depths to a precision of .74 m (RMS) relative to local control. 相似文献
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Nigel R. L. Gooding 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):197-203
Abstract The historical development of positioning in relation to the nautical chart is described. Present nautical charts are largely based on geodetic surveys which date from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This gave rise to the use of many local datums and there has been a need to provide the mariner with information to enable him to transfer his position from one chart to an adjacent one on a different datum. The availability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) datum enables positioning on a single worldwide datum to become a reality. The important factors affecting the adoption of WGS84 as the datum for nautical charts—namely, data availability and the practical and political considerations—are discussed. New developments in the use of nautical charts, the electronic chart display and information systems, and the delineation of international boundaries and territorial limits all give rise to the requirement for improved positional accuracies. Recent experience in the use of GPS both in the provision of control for shore stations of electronic position‐fixing systems and the provision of position for hydrographic surveys is briefly discussed. 相似文献
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N. Vedachalam R. Ramesh V. Bala Naga Jyothi V. Doss Prakash G. A. Ramadass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):525-538
ABSTRACTReliable power supply, precise position determination and effective communication are the key requirements for strategic autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) involved in long duration scientific missions, search operations and when operated as a swarm. The paper presents the challenging range of AUV developed for deep water, Polar and intervention applications; demanding technical requirements for strategic AUV; reliability modeling done on the lithium-ion batteries to identify the redundancy requirements for achieving near-zero failures; navigation model to estimate the achievable level of position accuracies using the state-of-the-art navigation system; limitations in underwater communication; and their importance in realizing vehicle autonomy and swarm intelligence. It is identified that a strategic grade Doppler velocity- aided inertial navigation system could provide position accuracies of about 0.5% of the distance travelled when navigated using sea bottom or ice reference, and a 38?kWh lithium-ion battery pack requires about 7% redundant battery capacity to achieve a failure probability of <?1% in a period of 1 year. 相似文献
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Abstract During May 1985, a comprehensive GPS and acoustic navigation data set was collected off the Monterey, California coast. Three types of GPS units, a LORAN‐C, and a Miniranger operated concurrently with an OCEANO acoustic system to resolve state‐of‐the‐art accuracies for at‐sea geodetic positioning. This report details the acoustic system which displayed baseline errors of only ±0.25 m over distances to 2600 m. Unfiltered point‐to‐point acoustic navigation errors had a standard deviation of ± 1.25 m, which included ship motion errors in addition to surveying errors. Ninety percent of the stations had navigation standard deviations below ±0.75 m The experiment showed that sub‐meter acoustic surveying is the state‐of‐the‐art. 相似文献
6.
A novel self-contained navigation system has been devised for underwater vehicles operating in and around offshore installations. This system matches data from a sector-scanning sonar device to a computer model of the installation. The paper begins by highlighting the existing approaches to subsea navigation before outlining the main features of the proposed system. It then concentrates on a key component of this system which is a method for calculating the position and heading of an underwater vehicle navigating in the vincinity of tubular steel structures. An iterative solution method is presented which incorporates six degree of freedom vehicle motions and this is verified in a series of laboratory experiments with various arrangements of structural members and using a commercial sonar device. The key features, applications and performance of this method are discussed. The main conclusion is that the proposed method for calculating the position and heading of an underwater vehicle contributes towards achieving an accurate and reliable subsea navigation capability. 相似文献
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Currently, most submerged bodies use the long-baseline acoustic position system (LBL) to identify the navigation position for submerging. A precise navigation position is always the target pursued by underwater technology. The conventional long-baseline acoustic position systems normally use Kalman filter correction to handle the problem of positional errors. This article proposes a new modification, which is based on the periodically measured actual navigation distance, and associated with the three-dimensional geometrical relations between the transponder on the seabed and the navigation distance. This new modification employs the iterative approximation to modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system. In order to verify the availability of the modified model by the essay, the study uses the navigation position for an underwater surveying submerged body as the study object. After the numerical simulation analysis, the result shows that the modification was presented by the article can only use very few iterations to precisely modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system, which is highly applicable for positioning in long-term and long-distance submersion. Moreover, the modification method proposed by the paper can also help submersion positioning for the underwater vehicle, as well as the military submerged body. 相似文献
8.
Andrzej S. Lenart 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):309-323
Abstract Simplified geodetic formulas for very long and medium geodesies used in the sea and air navigation as well as methodology and formulas for investigating errors involved in these simplifictions for any hyperbolic system are presented. 相似文献
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特长跨海大桥安全监测方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在特长跨海大桥施工定位与安全监测工作中经常遇到难以克服的困难,为此人们不得不借助于RTKGPS技术.当然,跨海大桥的安全监测问题单纯利用RTK GPS技术是远远不够的,因为跨海大桥安全监测的精度要求远远高于施工定位,不采取一定的技术措施很难实现对跨海大桥运营安全的有效监测.为了较好地解决特长跨海大桥的安全监测问题,笔者与科研小组结合实践提出了通过合理布设三维控制基准系统实施跨海大桥运营安全有效监测的想法,三维控制基准系统的构建应综合考虑投影问题、网形结构问题、施测方法问题,结合我国目前在建的几座跨海大桥论述了跨海大桥安全监测三维控制基准系统构建的基本设计思路. 相似文献
10.
The hyperbolic position fixing of ships by the Decca navigation system utilizes groundwave propagation. But the hyperbolic pattern will be disturbed by an isolated island. The instantaneous phase velocity and the bearing error are calculated from the equiphase lines near the island. It is found numerically and experimentally that the hyperbolic pattern is bent towards the island that is situated on the baseline between the master station and the slave one. 相似文献
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基于北斗船位数据的渔业信息解译与应用研究——以中国毛虾限额捕捞管理为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2020年6月15日—7月15日,我国首次中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)限额捕捞试点于江苏连云港实施。本研究提取62艘毛虾网船在限额捕捞期间的421700条北斗船位数据经纬度、航速、航向等信息,运用缓冲区叠加分析法、DBSCAN密度聚类算法、平均中心算法、核密度估计以及数据库查询对捕捞努力量等管控要素进行分析研究。结果显示,所有毛虾网船累计作业239个航次、1942个网次,捕捞过程分为航行、抛锚布网、等待渔获、收渔获、停航等5个状态,中国毛虾捕捞状态船位点呈直线分布,总捕捞时长为4413.73h,82.4%的单网次捕捞时长为1.5—3.5h,各网次捕捞产量呈现多核心空间分布模式,总捕捞努力量为108106343 m~2·h,计算62艘的捕捞总产量值约为2328 t,比上报产量高12.6%;本文通过北斗船位数据解译和提取捕捞努力量以计算中国毛虾捕捞产量及资源空间分布情况,有效应用于中国毛虾限额捕捞,为解决我国单品种限额捕捞难点积累了宝贵经验。 相似文献
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Pan-Mook Lee Bong-Huan Jun Kihun Kim Jihong Lee Aoki T. Hyakudome T. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(2):327-345
This paper presents an integrated navigation system for underwater vehicles to improve the performance of a conventional inertial acoustic navigation system by introducing range measurement. The integrated navigation system is based on a strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) accompanying range sensor, Doppler velocity log (DVL), magnetic compass, and depth sensor. Two measurement models of the range sensor are derived and augmented to the inertial acoustic navigation system, respectively. A multirate extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to propagate the error covariance with the inertial sensors, where the filter updates the measurement errors and the error covariance and corrects the system states when the external measurements are available. This paper demonstrates the improvement on the robustness and convergence of the integrated navigation system with range aiding (RA). This paper used experimental data obtained from a rotating arm test with a fish model to simulate the navigational performance. Strong points of the navigation system are the elimination of initial position errors and the robustness on the dropout of acoustic signals. The convergence speed and conditions of the initial error removal are examined with Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, numerical simulations are conducted with the six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) equations of motion of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in a boustrophedon survey mode to illustrate the effectiveness of the integrated navigation system. 相似文献
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目前尚未有文献对POS MV OceanMaster原始数据存储结构进行详细阐述,给后续的数据处理带来了诸多不便。从惯性导航原理入手对OceanMaster格式数据进行解析,通过软件开发对OceanMaster格式数据进行解码,提取各种数据包,并通过紧耦合算法对原始数据进行处理,分别获取三维坐标系下的位置均方差以及位置信息。实验结果表明,经过相应数据处理后可获得精度较高的位置数据,均方差约为0.03m,能够更好地为海洋测绘提供可靠的位置和姿态信息。 相似文献
17.
Harold K. Farr 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):77-93
Abstract In May, 1977, the first non‐military version of a multi‐beam, wide swath, deep ocean, bathymetric sonar was placed in service. Called SEA BEAM, this equipment provides high resolution bathymetric data across a swath width approximately equal to 78% of the depth. Angu ar resolution is 2.7° with a maximum operating depth of 11,000 m. Real time displays include a CRT presentation of the thwartship profile and a continuous strip chart of bottom contours. All sounding data are recorded on digital magnetic tape for final processing and merging with corrected navigation data. More recently, a companion system called HYDRO CHART has gone into operation for continental shelf surveys. 相似文献
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《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2009,34(3):294-306
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基于平行双板结构的圆管尾流抑制方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过数值模拟方法对基于平行双板的圆管尾流进行抑制研究。以二维不可压缩粘性流体方程为流动控制方程,并采用稳定化流体有限元方法求解。基于数值结果,详细探讨了平行双板的安装角度和板长等关键特征参数对尾流的抑制作用和影响。数值分析发现,平行双板结构对尾流的抑制作用明显优于传统单板控制。计算结果显示,基于平行双分隔板的尾流抑制最优位置为从圆管后驻点起向上游40°~50°处,并且与单板相比,在更短板长条件下,亦可完全抑制圆管的旋涡脱落,从而尾流从非定常涡旋流转入定常流动。当安装位置为θ≥80°时,被控圆管表面压力分布与无控圆管类似,说明此时平行双板控制无减阻效应。最后,基于数值模拟结果,对本方法的尾流高效控制效应,给出了相应的流动机制。 相似文献
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Takeshi Matsumoto 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):265-272
Abstract Quantitative and objective trend analysis of bottom topography in order to detect the tectonic structures has become available by use of the processed Seabeam data. The following two procedures of trend analysis are introduced. (1) Edge detection procedures in digital image processing are applicable to the analysis of topography for extraction of the lineament of tectonic structures and prediction of the existence of faults based on the digital bathymetric data. (2) Automatic calculation of water flow using the topographic grid data is used for estimation of not only water flow pattern and volume but also the construction of the ridge or trough axis by calculating the accumulated water volume. This method was also applied to the Seabeam bathymetric data. This is quite useful for detection of offset structures and hidden faults. These two methods are applied to the topographic data obtained in the North Fiji Basin, which is characterized by active spreading ridges. The regional tectonic structure of the North Fiji Basin was found to be expressed by the topographic trend of the central axis. 相似文献