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1.
E. Sokari-George Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,22(1):93-98
Conclusion Urban and rural development arek inextricably related, that regional planning can play important roles as catalyst for agriculture
and rural development; and that a system of growth centres and/or agropolitan policy which can be important in achieving economic
growth with social equity, will be far more influential. Again if the National Planning Authority, Regional Planning Agency
and the policy of growth centre in the rural areas of the recommended regions is pursued, it will not only increase agricultural
productivity or a path to agricultural transformation for deleterious effects of migration to corporate farming but also could,
over time help to reduce the pressure on the urban areas by providing counter-magnets to migration and we envisage, will bring
about a national regional planning budget which should be operated on yearly basis. 相似文献
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青藏高原木里矿区及其周边土地覆被变化及景观格局脆弱性响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿区开发会导致周边土地覆被及景观格局发生剧烈变化, 但目前对青藏高原典型矿区及其周边土地覆被长时间序列变化缺乏动态监测, 尤其缺乏对景观格局脆弱性响应特征的深入认识, 因此无法针对矿区合理开发和生态修复等提出有效的科学指导。通过遥感技术和土地变化科学研究手段, 以及景观格局脆弱性概念, 对青藏高原北部木里矿区及周边1975 - 2016年土地覆被时空变化和景观格局脆弱性进行分析和评估。结果表明： 木里矿区在2000年后剧烈扩张, 导致周边土地覆被面积缩减, 其中高寒草甸湿地面积损失最大, 其次为其他和高寒草甸。矿区开发对周边生态系统的间接影响效应在逐渐增大, 表现为水域面积减少, 高寒草甸湿地出现退化以及矿区发生少量逆转。受矿区扩张影响, 区域景观格局脆弱性不断增强, 可能对周边生态系统服务功能产生负面影响。因此, 未来矿区的生态修复和规划过程中, 应当优化景观格局, 降低景观格局脆弱性。研究成果可为青藏高原及其他生态脆弱地区的矿区合理开发规划及生态修复等工程提供一定参考。 相似文献
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In landscape diagnosis landscapes are evaluated on the basis of their natural and technological characteristics with regard to the possibilities and risks of intensive utilization. Land use is an essential criterion for the evaluation of the condition of landscapes. Remote sensing will allow for an analysis of large areas with regard to land use. Landscape diagnosis through satellite photographs will be illustrated in two examples. In the first one multitemporal evaluation of satellite photographs is discussed with particular reference to attempts made to characterize the utilization of landscape potentials. In the second example attempts have been made to classify medium-sized landscape units by satellite photographs, with additional characterization through thematic maps based on the Atlas GDR. 相似文献
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区域地壳稳定性研究现状与趋势 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
回顾了区域地壳稳定性发展历史及现状。区域稳定评价应和工程实际要求紧密结合 ,逐步实现由场地评价场地利用地质工程设计的转变 ;在理论上紧密结合岩石圈动力学 ,大陆动力学等当代地球科学发展前沿 ;在分析评价上 ,考虑内外地球动力作用的耦合 ,将地球内外动力地质灾害统一起来分析 ,建立统一地质灾害动力学模型 ,最终实现区域地壳稳定性研究的系统化和定量化 相似文献
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从自然地理学到景观生态学 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Landscape ecology ,as a multidisciplinary field,is relatively new synthetic and holistic science. It evolved from roots in many fields,such as geography,ecology,economy and system science. According to the time一space coupling dynamic model , the development process of landscape ecology can be devided into three phasis:Landscape holistic ecology,spatial structure ecology and regional construction ecology"
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
8.
Grenzebach K 《GeoJournal》1978,2(3):215-224
The spatial analysis of agricultural development is the necessary precondition for research in the rural landscape and for rural planning. Basic data emerging from field investigation and a systematic interpretation of aerial photographs have resulted in a series of thematic maps of Southern Nigeria and parts of Western Cameroon. This comprehensive research work has been organized within the framework of the Afrika-Kartenwerk of the German Research Society.In this paper our recently published population map of the scale of 1:1 million and the map of rural settlement patterns form the basis for some rather general estimates of agricultural potential. Exact spatial information of simple but non the less most important regional processes, like migration, are caused by population pressure. Not bare statistical figures but their transformation by cartographic means forms a fundament for area studies and hypothetical prospects for regional planning as well as for regional analysis.By larger scale observations agricultural carrying capacity, evaluation of rural potential, migration dynamics and changes of land-use systems have to be analyzed. This calls for meticulous studies of individual areas. The first of three such case studies stresses the process of intensification of land utilization near the Nsukka-Escarpment. Linear settlement patterns and chains of regular individually owned stripfields can be seen as inprints of a dynamic transformation within the cultural landscape. Reception of new agricultural technology has been a way for emigrant farmers to exploit traditionally sparsely utilized zones with rich soils, which had been less attractive, because they were hard to cultivate with the hoe.The second case deals with the well known migratory and agro-economic links between the overpopulated food crop belt of Northern Yoruba Savannah Country and the cocoabelt in the rain forest about 100 km further south.In Central Iboland rural overpopulation of more than 1000 persons per km2 and land shortage theoretically could be diminished by opening up uninhabited areas of the Niger flood-plain and the delta for modern agricultural exploitation. But not only the physical obstacles such as there are poor soils, very high rainfall and seasonal floods within the Niger low lands are hindering rural colonization. Social and political factors, like ethnic traditions and historic barriers still seem to be very perserverant. All this hardly allows strangers to get hold of unused land, to exploit valuable natural resources or to introduce modern agricultural technology. But generally speaking, population pressure as well as higher demand for social services and better incomes result in changes in the traditional land-use systems. The impact of growing urban or industrial economic spheres on agriculture acts as accelerating factor in this development. A paradise-landscape for Africa where optimal utilization of all physical resources under best socio-economic conditions may be practiced and where more than ten times of the present population of Africa could exist, as CAROL puts it in one of his scenarios (1973 and 1975), seems to be quite unrealistic and really never will be desirable. 相似文献
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Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans obtain from natural ecosystems. Landscape pattern is closely related to ecosystem processes/functions. Understanding the quantitative relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem services in the context of climate change is an important way to improve the ability of a region/landscape to provide ecosystem services. This article reviewed the progress and existing problems in the research field of ecosystem service measurement, mutual relationship and optimal management. This article emphasized that the accurate measurement of the amount of ecosystem services is the basis of valuing it, and the constraint line approach has great potential in portraying the nonlinear relationship and threshold characteristics of ecosystem services. It is necessary to start from the integrity of human-environment coupling system to develop a new generation of earth system models and optimize regional ecosystem services on this basis, which is a landscape sustainability science approach to achieve the goal of regional sustainable development. 相似文献
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四川康定县玉农希钙华景观及其水循环系统 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
地处康定县贡嘎山西侧的玉农希钙华景观是继九寨沟、黄龙钙华景观发现之后又一具有世界遗产潜质的高寒岩溶风景地。本次调查工作是四川省国土资源厅安排的四川省重点地质遗迹保护可行性规划的第二批项目。项目首次对玉农希钙华景观进行了较系统的调查研究, 从地质遗迹景观及形成景观的水循环的角度查明了钙华景观的特征, 剖析其景观形成的水循环系统, 进而作了区域性对比分析, 初步探索其形成机理与演化规律。玉农希钙华具有极高的科学价值、美学价值和观赏价值, 可与九寨、黄龙媲美, 必须采取科学、合理的措施对其加以保护。 相似文献
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干旱内陆流域景观格局变化下的景观土壤有机碳与氮源汇变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以黑河流域中游绿洲区域为例,近10年来,在干旱内陆流域受人类活动强烈影响的区域,景观的破碎度降低,景观异质性减弱,显著的景观变化表现在:耕种景观与荒漠化景观的扩张和沼泽草甸景观与水域景观的萎缩,其中荒漠草原景观面积的10%、山地草原景观的49.8%以及沼泽草甸(包括盐化草甸)景观面积的16.8%演变为耕种景观类型;相反,17.4%的荒漠草原景观面积和20.2%的沼泽草甸退化为沙漠与戈壁景观,另有13.02%的灌耕地面积演变为荒漠草原.景观空间格局演变驱动景观土壤N、C的源汇变化,近10年来,黑河流域中游地区由于景观空间格局变化形成的景观N净排放和有机C净释放分别达到50.65×104T和530.17×104T.山地草原景观的荒漠化与耕种利用、耕种景观的荒漠草原化、沼泽草甸与山地草甸景观以及荒漠草原景观的耕种利用和这些景观的沙漠化发展是造成区域N、C损失的主要途径. 相似文献
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丹霞地貌定义、分类及丹霞作用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丹霞地貌以广东丹霞山最为典型而得名,是一种发育赤壁丹崖群的特殊地貌类型,近年来随着旅游开发不断升温而成为景观地貌学关注的重要对象,但其中一些基本问题长期争论不休。本文从命名地的地质、地貌特征和我国区域地质发展史角度出发,重新厘定了丹霞地貌的定义与分类,强调丹霞地貌的三大基本要素:赤壁丹崖地貌特征、燕山旋回以来陆相红层基础和以流水侵蚀为主的地质营力。西北地区也广泛发育丹霞地貌,一类是黄土覆盖下的古丹霞,另一类是干旱区片流侵蚀和泥乳贴膜的丹霞。丹霞作用是对中新生代陆相碎屑岩经流水侵蚀、重力崩塌和风化剥落等多种地质作用的统称,其产物就是丹霞地貌。岩性控制和崖壁片流垂蚀是丹霞作用的两种特殊机理。红层盆地的沉积相及其岩性差异控制着丹霞地貌的发育及其景观类型,据此在地貌发育的构造、外力和时间三个因素基础上增加了岩性因素。南方典型的红层盆地中,边缘冲积扇相粗碎屑岩地区可经历青年、中年和老年等发展阶段,盆地中央湖泊相泥岩、粉砂岩却没有经历过绝壁陡崖发展阶段。暴雨水流在丹霞崖壁上发生近垂直向下的侵蚀作用叫片流垂蚀作用。其中冲蚀作用形成竖状沟槽、竖状洞穴,涡蚀作用(借助风力吹动发展成垂直崖壁的涡旋)形成圆锥状洞穴、串珠状洞穴,后者使得洞穴沿软弱岩层分布,进一步扩大成扁平状洞穴。这些洞穴形成年代具有垂向一致性,不具有上老下新变化趋势,而在水平方向上,不同部位洞穴的形成年代可能不同。 相似文献
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The threshold between geochemical background and anomalies can be influenced by the methodology selected for its estimation. Environmental evaluations, particularly those conducted in mineralized areas, must consider this when trying to determinate the natural geochemical status of a study area, quantifying human impacts, or establishing soil restoration values for contaminated sites. Some methods in environmental geochemistry incorporate the premise that anomalies (natural or anthropogenic) and background data are characterized by their own probabilistic distributions. One of these methods uses exploratory data analysis (EDA) on regional geochemical data sets coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) to spatially understand the processes that influence the geochemical landscape in a technique that can be called a spatial data analysis (SDA). This EDA–SDA methodology was used to establish the regional background range from the area of Catorce–Matehuala in north-central Mexico. Probability plots of the data, particularly for those areas affected by human activities, show that the regional geochemical background population is composed of smaller subpopulations associated with factors such as soil type and parent material. This paper demonstrates that the EDA–SDA method offers more certainty in defining thresholds between geochemical background and anomaly than a numeric technique, making it a useful tool for regional geochemical landscape analysis and environmental geochemistry studies. 相似文献
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区域矿产资源技术经济评价方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿产资源是国民经济发展的重要物质基础。因此,一个区域经济发展战略或规划的制定,都把矿产资源技术经济评价成果作为重要的依据。但国内、外在这方面的研究和实践多只限于某一单矿种或某一矿组;多矿种综合性的定量评价实例尚未见到。本文以区域内所有矿种的矿床、矿点、矿化点构成的整体,在地质评价的基础上,于技术可行的条件下对探明的矿产可利用储量在未来一定时期内进行工业开发的经济评价的理论和方法进行了研究。先以区内大量地质勘查和开发利用的实际资料,对矿产资源优劣类型进行定量评判,论述矿产资源经济价值,以其为基础对矿产资源经济区进行划分。再按区内优势矿产资源进行开发系统评价,并分别提出开发对策意见。最后论述矿产资源技术经济评价的主要结论,总结矿产资源开发中的主要问题,提出切实可行的措施和建议。 相似文献
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A common management technique for preserving and maintaining biodiversity is the establishment of large refuges and preserves.
Although extensive sanctuaries can provide crucial protection for many organisms and ecosystems, they cannot fulfill all the
needs of regional conservation. An alternative to a few large refuges is to create many different habitats across the landscape
that enhance and improve local and regional biodiversity and provide immediate benefits to nearby communities in the form
of ecosystem services. Furthermore, these can all be initiated and achieved by individuals or communities. Some key landscape
enhancements can be undertaken on a local level: the creation or expansion of small wooded areas, windbreaks, or hedgerows;
the construction of small wetlands; and the release of some lands from heavy pressure for the reestablishment of natural ecological
processes, namely, the natural accumulation of woody and other organic materials. Newly created ecosystems can be inoculated
at the outset with soil biota such as seed banks, microbes, fungi, and organic material that can accelerate ecological functioning
and balance. In addition to increasing much local and regional biodiversity, locally enhanced areas can provide fuel, plant
and animal food and medicinal products, and agroforestry products directly to the nearby community. These small ecological
oases can serve as nesting and overwintering sites for numerous pollinators that are hugely beneficial to agricultural production.
Moreover, several ecosystem enhancements may contribute positively to local and regional hydrologic cycles and prevent prolonged
droughts. Enhancements to local landscapes can take on many forms. We believe that any changes that increase structural complexity
in natural systems almost certainly lead to increases in local biological complexity. In addition, wider landscape level considerations,
such as corridors and connectivity of populations, can be integrated on a broader scale to improve regional biodiversity and
ecosystem services. Small landscape enhancements undoubtedly cannot provide for all conservation needs, but they can greatly
increase widespread biodiversity, restore local ecosystem services, and can be used to complement the relatively few larger
parks. 相似文献
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景观生态规划与设计必须在综合考虑土地整治具体工程与生态环境的基础上,合理的规避导致生态破坏的农田设计,科学规划能够促进生态系统的自身维持与修护的工程设计。该文基于农田景观规划与设计的思想,探讨了山东平原地区基本农田景观规划设计的重点,以新泰市楼德镇基本农田土地整治项目做为案例进行景观规划设计,设计内容主要包括土地平整、农田水利、田间道路、生态防护等几方面,通过探讨和摸索,为下一步土地整治规划设计和生态环境保护提供了可靠的科学依据。 相似文献
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地下水污染脆弱性是指污染物自顶部含水层以上某一位置到达地下水系统中某一特定位置的趋势和可能性,进一步分为固有脆弱性和特殊脆弱性。地下水污染脆弱性受地下水流系统和地球化学系统的影响和控制。其主要评价方法有主观分级评价法、统计或基于过程的评价法和综合评价法三大类。中国地下水污染脆弱性评价已有很好的工作基础,评价工作中应以地下水系统为单元,以饮用水井、集中供水水源地、区域含水层系统的补给区为重点保护目标,评价方法应综合区域地下水流系统的过程分析和指数评价方法,并利用已有的区域水质资料进行检验,增强评价结论的科学性和可靠性。 相似文献
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An increasing number of the people responsible for promoting tourism understand the necessity of landscape conservation and sustainable development. Sustainability and the maintenance of regional identity depend on the kind of tourism that takes account of the landscape and stops short of a blind modification of it, for instance through the installation of inappropriate large-scale tourist infrastructure. Since the 1970s South Tyrol, Italy’s most northern province (Autonome Provinz Bozen/Südtirol; Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Alto Adige), has engaged in tourism of outstanding quality, centreed on the existing landscape potential. Until today this has been the basis for successful tourism development. In the meantime however, there have been calls in South Tyrol for a quantitative expansion, founded on the implementation of an artificial touristic infrastructure and products. As is the case in many other alpine regions, this could be detrimental to the quality of the landscape. Supported by tourism research and based on the authors’ own long-standing experience, this article analyzes the development and trends of tourism in South Tyrol from a geographical perspective and takes a critical look at the various planning prospects and the problems which might evolve for the landscape and for tourism marketing. 相似文献