共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
Qiuping Huang Jiejun Huang Yunjun Zhan Wei Cui Yanbin Yuan 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(4):567-578
Quantifying land use patterns and functions is critical for modeling urban ecological processes, and an emerging challenge is to apply models at multiple spatial scales. Methods of determining the optimum scale of land use patterns are commonly considered using landscape metrics. Landscape metrics are quantitative indicators for analyzing landscape heterogeneity at the landscape level. In this study, due to their widespread use in urban landscape analyses and well-documented effectiveness in quantifying landscape patterns, landscape metrics that represent dominance, shape, fragmentation and connectivity were selected. Five metrics include Patch Density, Contagion, Landscape Shape Index, Aggregation Index and Connectivity. Despite a wide application of landscape metrics for land use studies, the majority mainly focuses on the qualitative analysis of the characteristics of landscape metrics. The previous models are limited in exploring the optimum scale of land use patterns for their lack of quantitation. Therefore, taking the City of Wuhan as an example, the land use unit was treated as a patch, and the landscape pattern metrics at different spatial scales were calculated and compared so as to find the optimum one. Furthermore, a mathematical model of landscape metrics was proposed to quantify the scale effect of urban land use patterns, generating a complementary tool to select the optimum scale. In addition, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was introduced to determine the respective weights of the chosen landscape metrics in this model. Fractal dimension was ultimately applied to verify the chosen optimum scale of our study region. The results indicated that 60 m is confirmed to be the optimum scale for capturing the spatial variability of land use patterns in this study area. 相似文献
2.
Jianglei Wang Yihe Lü Yuan Zeng Zhijiang Zhao Liwei Zhang Bojie Fu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(7):2683-2696
Ecological restorations over time may have profound effects on ecological and socio-economic systems. However, land-use changes and landscape functions that accompany ecological restorations can have spatial differentiations due to varied biophysical and socio-economic contexts. Therefore, these spatial differentiations caused by ecological restoration must be understood for better planning and management of restoration activities. The Baota District, with 576 villages in the center of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was selected as the study area because of its dramatic transition from cropland to grassland and shrubland from 1990 to 2010. Using the ArcGIS software and a k-means clustering analysis, an approach to identify types of land-use change patterns (TLCPs) at the village level was developed, and four TLCPs were delineated. The analysis indicated a general pattern of cropland decline by 21.6 %, but revealed significant spatial variations between villages in different TLCPs. Vegetation cover and soil retention, which are key proxies for landscape functions, increased by 22.70 and 108 %, respectively, from 2000 to 2010 with significant spatial heterogeneity. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was employed for the assessment of soil retention. The analysis of landscape metrics revealed a major trend of fragmentation and regularity on the county and village scale; however, spatial variations remained. Physical attributes were used to characterize different TLCPs, and notable differences were found. The spatial heterogeneous change in land use and landscape functions on the village scale may be useful for land use and ecological restoration management policy makers. 相似文献
3.
Phyto-geomorphic classification of the landscape 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The subdivision of landscape into phyto-geomorphic units forms a useful basis for land resource surveys and for providing a holistic approach to potential biological productivity. This paper explains the natural basis for such units, justifies their subdivision into a hierarchy and gives definitive criteria for each categoric level. The main levels are the land zone, land division, land province, land region, land system, land catena and land facet, of which the province, system and facet are the more important. Most bear some analogy with categories recognized in pedology and plant ecology. Vegetation varies in importance in relation to landforms in land unit definition both regionally and categorically, being most important in forested areas and for certain other land categories. Sample areas in the United Kingdom, Australia and Jordan illustrate complete hierarchies of land units for different climatic zones. A simple procedure based on critical path analysis and using remotely sensed imagery, maps and other data can give a landscape analysis suitable for planning at a variety of scales. 相似文献
4.
Gennadi Ufimtsev 《GeoJournal》1994,33(4):355-363
The leading role of water and its interactions with other key environmental elements was well understood already in Antique time. Due to the later fragmentarization of science, this leading role seems to have become hidden, if not neglected. Today, both life-support systems and the productivity of land and water systems are increasingly threatened by human pressure, influencing water availability, water-related land productivity, water quality and productivity of aquatic ecosystems. The world may in fact be approaching or even overshooting its carrying capacity in certain regions, producing quite dangerous conditions. Basically, the anthropogenic influences from a rapidly growing world population with rising demands will produce a reshaped landscape with altered ways of functioning, and a growing water crowding.Paying due attention to water phenomena and functions, this modified landscape has to be analyzed to identify the new strategies by which life support can be managed in the future. A conceptual base is urgently needed, addressing both natural and anthropogenic conditions and phenomena. In follow up of Agenda 21, the paper focuses on landscape analysis for the integration of land and water. It analyzes the main natural components of landscape systems and the ways in which the determinants are being influenced by human activities. A multitude of different interactions between land characteristics and water phenomena are identified. Due to the integrity of the water cycle, these interactions will have to be synthesized and integrated. When the natural funtions of a particular landscape are known, together with the anthropogenic pressure and the various influences from which it is composed, the landscape analysis in this paper may be useful in support of planning, projection and conceptualization of landscape management and spatial organization of land. 相似文献
5.
50余年来岩溶山地近郊村域土地利用与景观格局演变——以贵州省清镇市王家寨地区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取贵州省清镇市近郊村域王家寨地区为研究对象,在GIS支持下,利用该区域1963年、1982年、2005年、2010年和2015年5期土地利用图形数据叠加分析,提取出研究区50余年来的土地利用/覆盖信息,并结合相应的社会经济统计数据,分析了其驱动力因子,其结果表明:(1)1963—2015年间,土地覆盖类型的总体变化为高被草地和平坝旱耕地明显减少,低被草地、农村居民点、工矿用地、公路用地面积大幅增加,其中,平坝旱耕地有向经济效益更高的土地利用方式转变的趋势;（2）景观格局演变的总体趋势是:自1963年起,斑块数量、斑块密度持续增加,到2015年呈下降趋势,而最大斑块指数逐年减小,形状趋于不规则,同时,近50年景观的多样性指数持续增加;（3）区内土地利用/覆盖和景观格局呈阶段性变化,从1963年到2005年,坡地土地利用活动较强,2005年后,平地土地利用强度增加、农业逐渐转型、聚落持续扩展;（4）区内土地利用及景观格局的变化主要受经济、人口和政策因素的影响。 相似文献
6.
景观指数的粒度变化效应 总被引：66，自引：0，他引：66
本文以延河流域的1:250000和1:500000土地利用图为对象,以景观格局分析程序Fragstats3.3为分析工具,探讨了不同比例尺条件下景观指数随粒度增加的变化特征.研究结果表明,随着粒度值由25m到400m的逐渐增加,除斑块丰富度外的景观指数均具有明显的尺度效应,其中聚集度和集合度没有尺度转折点,其他指数具有明显或不明显的尺度转折点.对比分析1:250000和1:500000土地利用格局指数的计算结果可以发现:1)尺度转折点不是一个值,而是一个相对较小的区间;2)尺度转折点与研究图件的比例尺有关,比例尺越大,所发生的第一次尺度转折点的粒度就越小;3)第一尺度域是选择适宜粒度的较好取值范围.对延河流域1:250000土地利用图进行景观指数计算的适宜粒度范围是70～90m,1:500000土地利用图的适宜粒度范围是90～120m. 相似文献
7.
Monitoring land use change at a small watershed scale on the Loess Plateau, China: applications of landscape metrics, remote sensing and GIS 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Delin Liu Bicheng Li Xianzhao Liu D. N. Warrington 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(8):2229-2239
Rapid land use change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions of China including the Loess Plateau. In this study,
changes in land use and landscape fragmentation in the small Shanghuang watershed on the Loess Plateau were investigated by
the combined use of remote sensing, GIS and landscape metrics. Land use classes were mapped and analyzed from a time series
of maps and remotely sensed images that were ground truthed in 2008. Analyses of the data showed that land use had undergone
substantial changes in this small watershed from 1982 to 2008, and these changes could be divided into three phases according
to the change in the landscape matrix whereby the dominant land use was grassland (1982–1990), cropland (1990–2002) and forestland
(2002–2008). During each phase, conversions between different land use types took place frequently, especially among cropland,
orchards, grassland and forestland. Landscape fragmentation increased from 1982 to 1990 and then decreased from 1990 to 2008
as indicated by four landscape metrics. These changes in land use and landscape fragmentation in this small watershed were
mainly controlled by human factors (land management, construction, population pressure, and government policy) rather than
natural factors. 相似文献
8.
Dynamics of land use/cover changes and the analysis of landscape fragmentation in Dhaka Metropolitan, Bangladesh 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rapid urban expansion due to large scale land use/cover change, particularly in developing countries becomes a matter of concern since urbanization drives environmental change at multiple scales. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has been experienced break-neck urban growth in the last few decades that resulted many adverse impacts on the environment. This paper was an attempt to document spatio-temporal pattern of land use/cover changes, and to quantify the landscape structures in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh. Using multi-temporal remotely sensed data with GIS, dynamics of land use/cover changes was evaluated and a transition matrix was computed to understand the rate and pattern of land use/cover change. Derived land use statistics subsequently integrated with landscape metrics to determine the impact of land use change on landscape fragmentation. Significant changes in land use/cover were noticed in Dhaka over the study period, 1975–2005. Rapid urbanization was manifested by a large reduction of agricultural land since urban built-up area increased from 5,500?ha in 1975 to 20,549?ha in 2005. At the same time, cultivated land decreased from 12,040 to 6,236?ha in the same period. Likewise, wetland and vegetation cover reduced to about 6,027 and 2,812?ha, respectively. Consequently, sharp changes in landscape pattern and composition were observed. The landscape became highly fragmented as a result of rapid increase in the built-up areas. The analysis revealed that mean patch size decreased while the number of patches increased. Landscape diversity declined, urban dominance amplified, and the overall landscape mosaics became more continuous, homogenous and clumped. In order to devise sustainable land use planning and to determine future landscape changes for sound resource management strategies, the present study is expected to have significant implications in rapidly urbanizing cities of the world in delivering baseline information about long term land use change and its impact on landscape structure. 相似文献
9.
Geospatial modeling to identify the effects of anthropogenic processes on landscape pattern change and biodiversity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saeideh maleki najafabadi Alireza Soffianian Vahid Rahdari Fazel Amiri Biswajeet Pradhan Tayebh Tabatabaei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(3):1557-1569
This research used geospatial data to quantify biodiversity changes and landscape pattern change to track anthropogenic impacts of such changes at the Mouteh Wildlife Refuge (MWR), Isfahan, Iran. Satellite image duration of four decades, LandSat1-5, and IRS-P6 data were used to develop land cover classification maps for 1971, 1987, 1998, and 2011. The number and size of land cover patches, the degree of naturalness, and the diversity indices were calculated and compared for a 40-year period. The results showed an increasing concern with regard to unplanned human activities. Some improvements of the natural landscape also occurred in the core protected zone of the study area. The number and size of land cover patches, the degree of naturalness, and the diversity indices were calculated. Overall changes in natural land use between 1971 and 1998 at MWR showed that the number of patches for natural land use has increased, but it also showed a decrease in 2011. Similar changes were observed for seminatural land use. Within the artificial classes, the number and area of patches were higher and the largest patch occurred in 2011. The maximum variation of diversity is related to the year 2011. The results showed an increasing concern with regard to unplanned human activities. Some improvements of the natural landscape also occurred in the core protected zone of the study area. Remote sensing and geographic information system offers an important means of detecting and analyzing temporal changes occurring in our landscape. 相似文献
10.
选择地处生态环境脆弱地区的晋陕蒙接壤地区能源化工基地的大柳塔矿区为研究区,利用1986年8月2日和2007年9月7日的TM卫星图像数据为信息源,应用遥感技术对其土地利用/覆盖变化进行研究。通过图像处理,划分出7种土地利用和地表覆盖景观类型,根据获取的景观类型变化参数对其结构与变化特征进行分析,得出研究区的生态变化趋势与驱动力。结果表明,煤矿大规模开采以来,研究区景观结构稳定性减弱,破碎度增强,人类活动在研究区生态环境变化过程中起主导作用。在矿区生态环境恢复中,应提高自然植被景观类型的有效规模,有利于增强生态系统的稳定性。 相似文献
11.
Paloma de las Heras Paloma Fernández-Sañudo Nieves López-Estébanez María José Roldán 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2011,3(1):1-11
We analysed the main changes in land use over a 21 year period within the perimeter of a Protected Natural Area (PNA) and outside this perimeter. The area is characterised by its Mediterranean mid-mountain landscape and its piedmont, which extends almost as far as the city of Madrid. We employed cartography of land use and plant formation from 1980 and 2001. We identified land uses and their changes in this time period in order to determine the principal territorial dynamics (scrub encroachment, urban development, forest encroachment, new pastures and new crops). Subsequently, we performed a comparative analysis between the changes inside and those outside the protected area. The results show that there is a boundary effect between the protected area and the surrounding zone, which is more notable in the areas where urban development has intensified. This kind of research serves to establish whether or not a PNA contributes to protecting and conserving natural resources as compared to what occurs in the unprotected surrounding area, which tends to be subjected to more aggressive dynamics. 相似文献
12.
土地资源利用的景观生态优化方法 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
空间格局的生态优化是以往土地利用优化配置中的薄弱环节 ,景观生态学的发展与完善为弥补此项不足提供了一个全新的研究视角 ,在此方面已进行了长期的理论与方法探讨。为进一步促进景观生态学与土地利用优化配置的结合 ,探索土地资源利用空间生态优化的有效途径 ,文章系统阐述了近几十年景观生态学在土地利用优化配置的应用研究中采用的主要方法及其发展 ,并重点讨论了基于格局分析的土地利用生态优化途径及其发展前景。 相似文献
13.
14.
In landscape diagnosis landscapes are evaluated on the basis of their natural and technological characteristics with regard to the possibilities and risks of intensive utilization. Land use is an essential criterion for the evaluation of the condition of landscapes. Remote sensing will allow for an analysis of large areas with regard to land use. Landscape diagnosis through satellite photographs will be illustrated in two examples. In the first one multitemporal evaluation of satellite photographs is discussed with particular reference to attempts made to characterize the utilization of landscape potentials. In the second example attempts have been made to classify medium-sized landscape units by satellite photographs, with additional characterization through thematic maps based on the Atlas GDR. 相似文献
15.
Hugh Millward 《Geoforum》1985,16(3):307-317
Four methods for assessing the impact of underground coal-mining on the visual landscape are discussed. Objective or physical methods are compared with a subjective landscape value approach. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are considered, and some conclusions are made regarding their applicability to land use planning and aesthetic control in mining districts. Of the three objective techniques (‘zones of visibility’, ‘proportion of views visible’ and ‘percentage of view occupied’), only the first has been applied in practice. It shows mine operations to be widely visible, providing one looks for them. But in randomly located views (the basis of the second and third techniques) the chance of sighting mine operations is only 8%, and they occupy less than 1% of the average view. However, all mining-related land uses (which includes the mine communities) occupy 7.3% of the average view. A method for gauging ‘landscape devaluation’ is introduced. This relies on landscape quality ratings made at randomly located field viewing positions. A strong non-linear relationship between mining's visual presence and landscape value is demonstrated, suggesting that objective measures of intrusion may serve as surrogate indicators for devaluation. 相似文献
16.
In the Alexander von Humboldt National Park in eastern Cuba many endemic animals and plants are found in various different natural habitats, which are considered to be the most important ones for in-situ conservation in the entire Insular Caribbean. In some areas of the National Park agriculture is practised. Thus, the objective of this study was to document and analyse the different land use activities and their consequences for local resource management and conservation of biodiversity in two village areas. A particular question was: what has changed since the foundation of the National Park in 1996? As time series data for land use and aerial photographs were not available for this part of Cuba, a qualitative evaluation was carried out. For this, six different land use units were mapped in 2001 and additional information gathered for areas with special interest related to sustainable land use and resource conservation. Although most parts of the study area are influenced to various degrees by human impact, the different types of land use seem presently not to have a crucial or detrimental impact on the land resources of the Alexander von Humboldt National Park. However, exploitation of the natural resources in certain areas could be improved with different management options to reach sustainability as well as to meet the conservation objectives of the National Park. This includes reduced or abandoned agricultural use of steep slopes to reduce erosion risk as well as a facilitated regeneration of natural vegetation in many parts of the study area to be able to conserve the high valuable biodiversity of the Park. Environmental education seems to have played an important and successful role since the foundation of the Park in 1996. Since then, cropping on steep slopes as well as illegal logging and poaching could be reduced. 相似文献
17.
The spatial pattern and dynamics of a Sahelian agro-ecosystem 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spatial pattern and dynamics of a Sahelian agro-ecosystem are analyzed. Approaches and methods suitable for land use systems analysis are discussed. The importance of combining various spatial and temporal scales in a multi-disciplinary framework is stressed. An analytical framework focusing on the land use system at the village level is presented. It pays specific attention to the integration of georelated data with those describing the socio-economic decision-making units (households). It is intended as a basic component in a land use analytical model which meets the requirements of being multidisciplinary as well as hierarchical.Selected results from a case study in northern Burkina Faso, are presented. Mainly issues with a spatial dimension, taking advantage of the georelated observations, are dealt with in this context. They reveal, for instance, that field pattern dynamics appear to be much more complex than generally believed and that the commonly held notion that fields are expanding cannot be confirmed by this case. The land use dynamics constitute a complex pattern, determined by household specific parameters as well as by the natural resource base. Furthermore, the experience from the application of a differential GPS for detailed land use studies in the Sahel is presented and discussed. 相似文献
18.
建立自然保护、恢复与社会经济发展相协调的保护地评价指标体系,以达到评估景观保育情况,分析在社会经济发展中的作用,获取景观保育持续提升的方向和对策是本文目标。以云南九乡峡谷洞穴景区为例,设计了景区景观的自然性、功能性和属地性指数评价体系。九乡景区景观自然性指数为7.004,属次生景观类;景区功能性指数是7.58,属发展型景区;属地性指数6.8,属景区产业向服务社区与居民就业方向转型的过渡产业型景区。根据九乡景区景观格局和保护利用状态,提出四个景观保育区,分别是乡土植物廊道和文化景观保育区、峡谷河道景观保育区、峡谷洞穴景观与地表植被保育区、植被管护与石漠化治理区等。景观保育措施主要是自然保育与恢复,以实现管理景观自然化,同时发展景区社区主导的旅游服务业与开发民特产品,增强景观保护的社会经济基础。 相似文献
19.
为研究中国西南地区自然资源的动态变化特征,基于中国自然资源综合区划一级分区成果,以西南林耕自然资源大区为研究对象,通过选取符合区域特征的要素指标,确定指标权重,按照区划方案对西南林耕自然资源大区进行二级、三级区划,将其划分为6个自然资源亚区(二级区划)和11个自然资源地区(三级区划),并对区划单元内的自然资源动态变化进行了特征分析。研究区内自然资源以森林、耕地和草原为主,1990—2018年,自然资源变化主要表现为森林、耕地和草原三者间的相互转变,森林和耕地之间的相互转变主要分布于贵州和重庆的地区,森林和草原、耕地和草原之间的相互转变主要分布于云南和陕西的地区。建设用地明显增加,集中分布于各省会城市和直辖市。各类资源相互之间有明显转变,但面积在总体上基本保持动态平衡,表明自然资源的转变在合理范围内,其中四川盆地内的耕地和广西西部的森林受保护较好。各区划内优势资源明显,区划间变化特征彼此相异,可为全国或西南地区的自然资源配置、国土空间规划等自然资源统一管理提供决策支撑。 相似文献
20.
Jaromir Demek 《Geoforum》1978,9(1):29-34
The main object of study of geography is the landscape sphere that includes the surface of our planet. The landscape sphere differs from the other geospheres by displaying unusual complexity and consists of structured sets of components which exhibit discernible relationships with one another and operate as a system. The functioning of the landscape sphere is conditioned by the interrelationships of components, as well as by the transfer of mass and energy from one part of the landscape sphere to another in the form of streams of mobile elements. The author is using the name geosystem for determination of this system of planetary dimensions. The landscape sphere may be further divided into subsystems exhibiting characteristic features which facilitate their identification and delimitation.Territorial differentiation of the landscape sphere, on the basis of the law of zonality, produces horizontal, latitudinal and vertical zones called by author geoms. These geoms may be further subdivided into geosystems of smaller dimensions called geochoras. The basic geochora is the landscape. In most landscapes the key elements in these geosystems are controlled by Man and so-called cultural landscapes are developed. The cultural landscapes are parts of the landscape sphere within which natural and socioeconomic geosystems co-exist. The author further distinguishes cultured, disturbed and devastated landscapes. The study of cultural landscape is amongst the most difficult fields of investigation, but such studies are of great significance in terms of predicting future environmental developments. 相似文献