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1.
Paul A Zandbergen 《Transactions in GIS》2009,13(Z1):5-25
The 3G iPhone was the first consumer device to provide a seamless integration of three positioning technologies: Assisted GPS (A‐GPS), WiFi positioning and cellular network positioning. This study presents an evaluation of the accuracy of locations obtained using these three positioning modes on the 3G iPhone. A‐GPS locations were validated using surveyed benchmarks and compared to a traditional low‐cost GPS receiver running simultaneously. WiFi and cellular positions for indoor locations were validated using high resolution orthophotography. Results indicate that A‐GPS locations obtained using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate than those from regular autonomous GPS units (average median error of 8 m for ten 20‐minute field tests) but appear sufficient for most Location Based Services (LBS). WiFi locations using the 3G iPhone are much less accurate (median error of 74 m for 58 observations) and fail to meet the published accuracy specifications. Positional errors in WiFi also reveal erratic spatial patterns resulting from the design of the calibration effort underlying the WiFi positioning system. Cellular positioning using the 3G iPhone is the least accurate positioning method (median error of 600 m for 64 observations), consistent with previous studies. Pros and cons of the three positioning technologies are presented in terms of coverage, accuracy and reliability, followed by a discussion of the implications for LBS using the 3G iPhone and similar mobile devices. 相似文献
2.
High accuracy seamless positioning is required to support a vast number of applications in varying operational environments. Over the last few years, the global positioning system (GPS) has become the de facto technology for positioning applications. However, its performance is limited in indoor and dense urban environments due to multipath as well as signal attenuation and blockage. A number of techniques integrating GPS with other positioning technologies have been developed to address the limitations of standalone GPS in these difficult environments. While most of the developed techniques cover the outages of GPS in such environments, they do not provide acceptable performance, in terms of positioning accuracy, especially for some mission-critical (e.g. safety) applications. This paper proposes a tightly coupled (i.e. in the measurement domain) GPS/WiFi integration method which, in addition to addressing GPS outages, improves the overall positioning accuracy to the meter-level, thus satisfying the requirements of a number of location based services and intelligent transport systems applications. The performance of the proposed GPS/WiFi integration method is assessed for a number of scenarios in a simulation environment for an identified dense urban area in London, UK. 相似文献
3.
WiFi-PDR室内组合定位的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对当前室内定位的应用需求和亟待解决的关键问题,结合城市室内环境下广泛存在的WiFi无线信号以及智能手机传感器信息,提出了一种WiFi无线信号联合行人航迹推算(PDR)的室内定位方法。该方法采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法对WiFi和PDR定位信息进行融合处理,有效克服了WiFi单点定位精度低和PDR存在累计误差的问题。针对融合算法中WiFi指纹匹配计算量大的问题,用k-means聚类算法对WiFi指纹库进行聚类处理,降低了指纹匹配算法的计算量,提高了算法的实时性。通过在华为P6-U06智能手机平台上实际测试,在时间效率上经过聚类处理后系统定位耗时有很大程度的改善,平均降幅为51%,其中最大降幅达到64%,最小的也达到了36%;在定位精度上,当室内人员为行走状态时WiFi定位平均误差为7.76m,PDR定位平均误差为4.57m,UKF滤波融合后平均定位误差下降到1.24m。 相似文献
4.
Assisted GPS (A-GPS) has received much attention from both academic and industry because of its two major advantages, faster
positioning and greater sensitivity. Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) is an emerging standard for A-GPS produced by the Open
Mobile Alliance. This article briefly reviews A-GPS, then introduces the SUPL architecture and explains how SUPL works. An
intensive SUPL A-GPS survey under different environments is reported in detail, while a standalone GPS test was utilized for
comparison. The survey was carried out in 24 locations over the University of New South Wales campus representing 5 types
of terrain: Urban, Suburban, Rural, Indoor, and Open sky with a wide range of acquisition difficulty levels. The results show
SUPL can bring a great benefit in fast positioning—much shorter Time-To-First-Fix and high sensitivity—and a much lower failure
rate. 相似文献
5.
在Android平台上利用WiFi信号强度特征进行定位,定位系统由安卓客户端、Tomecat服务器以及MySQL数据库组成。基于信号强度指示(RSSI)的WiFi指纹定位在离线阶段建立的指纹数据库受采样间距的影响,因此采样间距必然影响指纹定位的精度。为了探究采样间距对WiFi指纹定位影响,在教室内进行实验,选取不同采样间距进行基于RSSI的WiFi指纹定位实验和分析,以定位的精度和时效性作为定位结果的衡量标准,实验表明,在室内环境下,采样间距为3 m的时效性较高且定位精度也能满足要求。 相似文献
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随着北斗三号卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system-3, BDS-3)开始向全球提供导航服务,独立使用BDS为在轨运行的卫星提供全球覆盖、全时段的定位服务成为可能。结合风云三号D星(FengYun-3D, FY-3D)全球卫星导航系统掩星探测仪(global navigation satellite system occultation sounder, GNOS)的真实在轨数据对天基BDS的定位性能进行了详细的分析。首先,使用BDS真实广播星历计算了在不同轨道高度下的可见卫星数和定位精度因子（position dilution of precision, PDOP）,并结合精密星历分析了广播星历的轨道误差、时钟误差及空间信号测距误差(signal-in-space range error, SISRE)。仿真结果表明,在95%的置信水平下,从地面到2 000 km的轨道高度,BDS在全球范围内最小可见卫星数为6,最大PDOP小于5,星座可用性已经达到100%,全球平均可见卫星数BDS比GPS(global positioning syste... 相似文献
7.
M. R. Mosavi 《GPS Solutions》2006,10(2):97-107
Position information obtained from standard global positioning system (GPS) receivers has time variant errors. For effective use of GPS information in a navigation system, it is essential to model these errors. A new approach is presented for improving positioning accuracy using neural network (NN), fuzzy neural network (FNN), and Kalman filter (KF). These methods predict the position components’ errors that are used as differential GPS (DGPS) corrections in real-time positioning. Method validity is verified with experimental data from an actual data collection, before and after selective availability (SA) error. The result is a highly effective estimation technique for accurate positioning, so that positioning accuracy is drastically improved to less than 0.40 m, independent of SA error. The experimental test results with real data emphasize that the total performance of NN is better than FNN and KF considering the trade-off between accuracy and speed for DGPS corrections prediction. 相似文献
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采用GRACE卫星的星载GPS观测数据进行动态精密单点定位解算,发现定位误差存在明显的周期特性,第一个特性为每间隔四天的定位误差序列的波形基本重合,第二个特性为相邻两天定位误差序列有横坐标平移的趋势.基于此,提出了两种消除周期性误差的方法,分别为基于中位数建模的周期项误差剔除方法和基于平移预报的周期项误差剔除方法.前者对一组数据序列中的中间序列的精度提升较为明显,后者对精度的提升在整体上较为稳定,对两种方法的改善效果进行综合分析,最终可以将定位精度从5 dm提高到2 dm,三个方向的均方根（RMS）值得到显著降低. 相似文献
10.
为了提高GPS卫星导航系统服务性能,很多国家和地区建立了独立的星基增强系统(SBAS),通过提供广播星历差分与完好性增强信息,满足高精度高完好性用户使用需求。本文介绍了美国WAAS和欧洲EGNOS等星基增强系统的广播星历差分完好性信息电文编码格式,并对实际星基增强系统的广播星历差分与完好性电文进行解析。由于不同的星基增强系统采用的信息处理模式不同,针对WAAS和EGNOS两个不同地区建立的星基增强系统,对广播星历差分慢变改正／快变改正的变化特征进行了比较分析。研究了星基增强系统广播星历差分完好性信息用户使用算法,基于国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)提供的GPS实测数据,对WAAS系统和EGNOS系统的广播星历差分服务精度和完好性性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,WAAS系统的伪距单点定位精度约为1.2 m, EGNOS系统的伪距单点定位精度约为1.8 m,与GPS基本导航服务相比,伪距单点定位精度可提高约22％和16％。两个星基增强系统利用完好性电文计算的完好性保护限值大致相当,均在16 m以内,能够对定位误差进行包络。 相似文献
11.
Absolute Positioning with Single-Frequency GPS Receivers 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
Ola Øvstedal 《GPS Solutions》2002,5(4):33-44
The use of precise post-processed satellite orbits and satellite clock corrections in absolute positioning, using one GPS
receiver only, has proven to be an accurate alternative to the more commonly used differential techniques for many applications
in georeferencing.
The absolute approach is capable of centimeter accuracy when using state-of-the-art, dual-frequency GPS receivers. When using
observations from single-frequency receivers, however, the accuracy, especially in height, decreases. The obvious reason for
this degradation in accuracy is the effect of unmodeled ionospheric delay.
This paper discusses the availability of some empirical ionospheric models that are publicly available and quantifies their
usefulness for absolute positioning using single-frequency GPS receivers. The Global Ionospheric Model supplied by International
GPS Service (IGS) is the most accurate one and is recommended for absolute positioning using single-frequency GPS receivers.
Using high-quality single-frequency observations, a horizontal epoch-to-epoch accuracy of better than 1 m and a vertical accuracy
of approximately 1 m is demonstrated. ? 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
12.
通过载噪比(CNR)、数据完整率、伪距与载波相位观测值噪声和伪距多路径效应四个指标对北斗三号卫星导航系统(BDS-3)新频点B1C/B2a车载动态数据的特性进行了分析,测试了BDS-3新频点动态精密单点定位(PPP)的性能,并与其它全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)进行了对比. 试验结果表明,BDS-3新频点B2a平均CNR优于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)其它频率,但略差于GPS L5;相较于其它GNSS,BDS数据完整率相对较高,其中BDS-3 B2a新频点数据完整率最高;BDS-3 B2b伪距观测值噪声最小,B1C和B2a伪距观测值噪声约为B2b信号的3倍,但不同频率相位观测值噪声处于同一量级;对于伪距多路径而言,BDS-3 B1C/B2a 信号略小于B2b 信号. 总体而言,GPS L5信号抑制多路径效应的能力最强. 在动态PPP性能方面,BDS-3 B1C/B2a双频组合动态PPP定位精度最优,其三维(3D)均方根(RMS)误差为0.439 m,相比BDS B1I/B3I、GPS L1/L2、GLONASS G1/G2和Galileo E1/E5a双频组合PPP,其精度改善率分别为49%、56%、81%和42%. 相似文献
13.
文章总结了GPS空间信号接口控制文件的发展历程,对比了现有3种导航电文类型的电文结构及播发方式, 详细分析了星历参数、钟差参数及完好性参数等核心定位参数的发展演变特点和改进效果. 结果表明:GPS新型导航电文采用增加核心定位参数和减小量化单位的方法,提高了广播星历和钟差产品的精度. 增加两个参数后,地面星历拟合位置误差均方根(RMS)平均值由0.137 m减小为0.025 m. 为适应高精度星历拟合模型,距离量化单位也减小至毫米量级. 通过减小卫星钟差参数的量化单位,预报1 h钟差误差RMS由0.097 m减小至0.042 m. 相似文献
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针对北斗三号卫星导航系统(BDS-3)向全球提供定位、导航和授时(PNT)服务后的定位性能评估问题,基于MGEX (Multi-GNSS Experiment) WHU2站7天实测数据,从可视卫星数、几何精度衰减因子(GDOP)、定位精度、定位成功率和伪距残差方面分析了BDS-3及BDS/GNSS组合伪距单点定位(SPP)性能. 结果表明:在亚太地区,BDS-3具有比美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS、欧洲的Galileo更优的SPP性能,其水平、垂直和三维精度分别为1.19 m、2.34 m、2.38 m,三维精度比北斗二号卫星导航系统(BDS-2)、GPS、GLONASS和Galileo 的SPP精度分别提升了54.8%、27.2%、86.4%和1.2%. 此外,BDS/GPS/Galileo组合能获得最优的SPP精度,其水平、垂直和三维精度分别为0.96 m、1.66 m、1.77 m,相较于BDS-2/BDS-3 SPP分别提升了18.6%、19.4%和17.3%. 相似文献
15.
为了对多个全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system, GNSS）当前的广播星历精度进行一个全面的分析,对比了2014—2018年共5 a的GNSS广播星历与精密星历,并对全球定位系统（global positioning system, GPS）、格洛纳斯卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system, GLONASS）、伽利略卫星导航系统（Galileo satellite navigation system, Galileo）、北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system, BDS）、准天顶卫星系统（quasi-zenith satellite system, QZSS）等5个系统的广播星历长期精度变化进行了分析。结果表明:5 a中GPS的广播星历轨道及钟差精度最稳定;GLONASS的广播星历轨道精度稳定性较好,但其钟差精度存在较大的离散度;Galileo得益于具备全面运行能力（full operational capability, FOC）卫星的大量发射及运行,其广播星历轨道、钟差精度大幅度变好,切向轨道、法向轨道与钟差精度已赶超GPS;BDS的广播星历轨道精度离散度较大,钟差精度出现不稳定现象;QZSS的广播星历轨道与钟差精度的稳定性与离散度相对最差。以2018年1 a的广播星历与精密星历为例分析了各个系统当前的广播星历精度,结果表明,当前GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、BDS、QZSS的考虑轨道误差与钟差误差贡献的空间信号测距误差（signal-in-space ranging error,SISRE）分别为0.806 m、2.704 m、0.320 m、1.457 m、1.645 m,表明Galileo广播星历整体精度最高,GPS次之,其次分别是BDS、QZSS和GLONASS。只考虑轨道误差贡献的SISRE分别为0.167 m、0.541 m、0.229 m、0.804 m、0.675 m,表明GPS广播星历轨道精度最高,其次分别是Galileo、GLONASS、QZSS和BDS。GPS卫星广播星历中新型号卫星的钟差精度总体要优于旧型号卫星。 相似文献
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随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的发展和移动通信技术的进步,用户对位置服务(LBS)提出了更高的要求. 本文采用市面上常见的两部Android智能手机采集GNSS数据,对Android智能手机伪距单点定位(SPP)和单频精密单点定位(PPP)算法进行研究,分析了在不同条件下智能手机的SPP、单频PPP定位性能. 结果表明:在使用多普勒平滑伪距和信噪比随机模型的基础上,Android智能手机GPS单系统的SPP定位精度可达3 m,GPS、Galileo、GLONASS、北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)四系统定位精度可达亚米级. 在单频PPP静态定位中,在GPS单系统下,定位精度仅能达到米级,且收敛时间较长;在GPS、Galileo、GLONASS、BDS四系统下,定位精度可达亚米级,且平面方向可在40 min内收敛. 在单频PPP动态定位中,手机的定位精度仅能达到米级. 相似文献
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一种基于改进UKF滤波的GPS+PDR组合定位方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对接收信号质量恶化的环境,提出了一种适用于信号遮蔽环境的改进GPS+PDR组合定位算法。该方法用短时间内的陀螺仪积分数据校正数字罗盘的航向偏差,在一定程度上消除了数字罗盘受到的偶发干扰。采用约束残差的无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法对GPS和行人航迹推算（PDR）定位信息进行融合处理,有效克服了PDR定位中累积航向误差产生的位置漂移问题,提高了算法的定位精度和稳定性。试验结果表明,改进算法能有效抑制数字罗盘的漂移误差,航向相对误差平均降低56%;行人步行时,GPS定位标准误差为2.67 m,单纯PDR定位标准误差为6.83 m;随机给予若干点GPS数据辅助定位,标准误差降至3.12 m;全程融合GPS与PDR定位,标准误差可降至1.94 m。 相似文献
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针对水下机器人在浅海工作时定位误差大的问题,在浅海电磁波信号衰减不大的情况下,文中重点介绍一种基于GPS/BDS双模组合定位技术的浅海水下机器人高精度定位导航系统,为了比较双模定位系统的定位性能,设置了GPS和BDS单模定位系统作对比,提出了使用中值滤波算法和卡尔曼滤波算法相结合的定位数据处理方法,通过对双模定位系统测试数据的滤波处理,得出系统的定位性能。测试结果表明,双模定位系统的定位精度要高于单模定位系统;中值滤波和卡尔曼滤波相结合算法的应用能够明显提高双模定位系统的定位精度。 相似文献