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1.
为了解河北省作物生长发育和产量形成的热量条件,利用1961~2009年河北省139个观测站的逐日气温资料,应用线性趋势分析、样条函数插值等方法分析河北省≥0℃、≥10℃活动积温的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)49年来河北省大部分地区≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的最小值出现在20世纪70年代,≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的最大值出现在1991年之后。从整体看,河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温在增加。(2)1961~2009年的河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温空间差异较大,大部分地区介于2700~5016℃·d(2185~4526℃·d),其中冀南平原地区活动积温最大,沿海地区活动积温居中,冀北高原地区活动积温最小。(3)1961~2009年的河北省≥0℃(≥10℃)活动积温的相对变率南北差异较大,冀北高原活动积温相对变率明显大于冀南平原;≥0℃活动积温比≥10℃活动积温稳定。 相似文献
2.
Activities of hexokinase(HK), pyrnvate kinase(PK)and levels of HSPT0 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions. Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment), or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment). After 0. 5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure time, shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis. The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant. Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change. The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments, suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection. But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L. Vannamei. 相似文献
3.
Activities of hexokinase(HK),pyruvate kinase(PK) and levels of HSP70 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions.Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment),or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment).After 0.5,1,3,6,12,24,48,and 72 h of exposure time,shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis.The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant.Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change.The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments,suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection.But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L.vannamei. 相似文献
4.
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is one important member of heat shock protein (Hsp) family that is responsible for various stresses, especially thermal stress. Here we examined the response of Hsp70 gene to both chronic and acute thermal exposure in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). For the chronic exposure, abalones were maintained at 8, 12, 20, and 30°C for four months and their mRNA levels were measured. The highest mRNA level of Hsp70 gene relative to actin gene was detected in the 30°C-acclimated group, followed by the 8°C-acclimated group and then the 12°C- and 20°C-acclimated groups. After the long-term acclimation, gills from each of the above acclimation groups were dissected and exposed to different temperatures between 8°C and 38°C for 30 min. Hsp70 expression in gills acclimated to different temperatures responded differentially to the same temperature exposure. The incubation temperature that induced maximum Hsp70 mRNA expression was higher in the higher temperature acclimation groups than lower temperature groups. Pacific abalones could alter the expression pattern of Hsp70 gene according to environmental thermal conditions, through which they deal with the stress of thermal variations. 相似文献
5.
什邡50年气温变化特征及回归分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用什邡市1959—2008年逐日气温资料,采用一元线性回归及5年滑动平均,Mann．Kendall法（M-K）等方法,研究分析了什邡市50年来气温年际变化特征。结果显示：（1）气温以0．13℃／10a的趋势变暖,50年平均上升了0．6℃到0．7℃,其中四季存在显著差异,秋季变暖趋势最明显达0．21℃／10a,春季次之为0．13℃／10a,冬季为0．11℃／10a,夏季最不明显。（2）年平均气温在21世纪初期均有明显变暖突变。 相似文献
6.
107 strains producing protease were screened from 260 strains of Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria, among which proteolytic activity of five strains was more than 45 U ml^-1. The 16S rRNA gcne sequences homology and phylogcnetic analysis of five Antarctic psychrophillc bacteria showed that NJ276, NJS-9, NJ16-70,NJ345 belonged tO the described genus Pseudoalteromonas and NJ341 belonged to the genus Colwellia. The growth and the protease characteristic of four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria had been studied, and the result showed that the 6ptimal temperature for growth and protease-produeing of four strains was about 10℃. Their growth and protease-produeing were still high during incubatlng 2-5 days. The maximum proteolytic activity occurred at pH 9 for four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria. The optimal temperature of protease action of both strains NJ276 and NJ5-9 was about 50℃, however, the optimal temperature of protease aetlon of both strains NJ341 and NJ345 was about 40 ℃, and their proteolytic activity under 0℃ exhibited nearly 30% of the maximum activity, but their thermal stabilities were weaker. These results indicated that proteases from NJ341 and NJ345 were low-temperature proteases. 相似文献
7.
以小球藻（Chlorella sp. CHX-1）为实验材料,采用外切中心复合设计试验法（CCC）研究了温度（16～34 ℃）和盐度（15～45）对小球藻生长的联合效应.结果表明：温度与盐度的-次、二次效应对小球藻比生长速率都有极显著影响（P 〈 0.01）,温度、盐度之间的互作效应对小球藻比生长速率影响显著（P 〈 0.05）,温度的效应大于盐度的效应.响应曲面法分析发现,随着温度和盐度的升高,小球藻的比生长速率呈先上升后下降的趋势.建立小球藻生长与温度、盐度的回归模型方程,该模型的决定系数0.991 7,矫正决定系数0.985 8,表明模型的拟合度极高;模型的预测决定系数0.949 8,可用于预测小球藻比生长速率的变化.通过模型优化和验证实验,得到在温度、盐度组合为25.9 ℃/28.4 时,小球藻比生长速率达到最大值0.652,满意度为0.981. 相似文献
8.
采用半静水生物测试法,研究亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方[鱼屯]（Takifugu rubripes）（95～9．8g）的急性毒性及对部分肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在急性毒性实验中,亚硝酸盐氮对红鳍东方[鱼屯]的24、48、72和96h半致死质量浓度（LC50）分别为20188、19057、17109、15925mg／L,安全质量浓度为1592mg／L;在亚急性毒性实验中,当红鳍东方纯分别在5．3、106,159、212mg／L亚硝酸盐氮中暴露4周时,其肝脏总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高均被显著抑制,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表明亚硝酸盐氮会对鱼体的抗氧化能力产生影响。 相似文献
9.
采用2种复合工艺流程在900°C和950°C制备了适用于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺的Ni-Cu-Zn铁氧体/BaTiO3复合材料。对比研究了不同工艺流程下,烧结温度及助剂用量变化对复合体系烧结性能和电磁性能的影响。900°C烧结时,在铁氧体预烧前添加BaTiO3(工艺流程Ⅱ)制备的复合材料比在铁氧体预烧后添加BaTiO3(工艺流程Ⅰ)制备的复合材料有更高的烧结密度(5.40g/cm3)和Snoek乘积(5.56GHz);950°C烧结时,工艺流程Ⅱ制备的复合材料的介电性能优于工艺流程Ⅰ制备的。 相似文献
10.
11.
塑料遮阳网大棚小气候观测与分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过3个晴天，对遮阳网大棚风小气候进行观测，结果表明，黑色SZW＝12型蔗阳网遮光率为53％－77％，平均为69％；对降低土壤温度十分明显，0，51，0cm降温幅度分别为：1．0－11．9℃，0.8-6.2℃，0.7-5.2℃，平均降温分别为5．6℃,3.8℃，3.3℃；而对棚内气温降低作用不明显，只有0．30m以下气层平均降低0．4℃；0.50,1.00,1.50m气层比棚外高0．2－0．9℃，并有逆温现象。此结果可为花卉度夏，超常蔬菜育秧管理提供气象依据。 相似文献
12.
温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了温度22、25、28、31和34℃下奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力。结果表明:1)不同温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长有显著影响(P<0.05),温度为31℃时,仔稚鱼生长速度和绝对增重率最高,分别为0.08cm/d和0.035g/d;温度为22℃时最低,仅0.06cm/d和0.020g/d。2)饲料系数在28℃时最低,仅1.90;22和34℃时较高,达2.14和2.17,各组差异显著(P<0.05)。3)在仔稚鱼发育和存活率上,当温度在22～34℃时,温度越高,仔稚鱼发育越好;各组仔稚鱼的存活率介于93.7%～94.7%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)在消化酶活力上,胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力随温度升高而升高,均在34℃时活力最高;脂肪酶活力在31℃时达到最高,22℃时活力最低。 相似文献
13.
采用中心复合设计及响应曲面法研究吉富罗非鱼仔鱼开口率与温度和盐度的量化关系,预实验确定温度范围为20~34℃,盐度为2~10,通过模型优化确定初孵仔鱼从出膜到开口这一阶段最适温度和盐度组合。结果表明,温度对仔鱼的开口率(First feeding rate,FFR)的一次效应有统计学意义(P0.01),盐度对仔鱼开口率的一次效应有统计学意义(P0.05),温度和盐度的交互作用对开口率的影响不具统计学意义(P0.05);温度对仔鱼开口率的二次效应有统计学意义(P0.01);盐度对仔鱼开口率的二次效应有统计学意义(P0.05);温度对开口率的影响较盐度更重要。建立开口率对温度和盐度的二次多项式回归方程,其决定系数为0.986 1,矫正决定系数为0.972 1,预测决定系数为0.911 2,表明所建模型拟合度极高,且可通过温度和盐度预测罗非鱼仔鱼的开口率。对模型方程优化的结果表明,当温度为29℃、盐度为5时,罗非鱼仔鱼的开口率达到最大值87.97%,可靠性达到0.972。 相似文献
14.
ZHANG Xuekai FAN Chao ZHANG Xingzhi LI Qiongzhen LI Yangchun MA Peizhen YUE Shaobo HUO Zhongming WANG Zhaoping 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):213-224
Crossbreeding is an effective approach to manage the genetic decline in aquaculture.One-way hybrids of Crassostrea sikamea(♀)and Crassostrea gigas(♂)have advantages in growth traits and adaptation to high temperature.Here,we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the molecular processes in the hybrids under and after thermal stress.The hybrids were cultured in the seawater with an increasing temperature from 25℃to 40℃during 10 hours,which is regarded as the thermal stress stage.Then the temperature decreased from 40℃to 25℃within 2 h,which is regarded as the recovery stage.In this study,1293 significant diffe-rentially expressed genes(DEGs)were obtained under thermal stress,of which 576 were upregulated and 717 were downregulated,and 740 significant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were obtained in the recovery stage,of which the number of upregulated and downregulated genes was 409 and 331,respectively.The antigen processing and presentation,NOD-like,and NF-kappa B path-ways were significantly enriched during the thermal stress stage.The MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways were significantly enrich-ed during the recovery stage.The HSP70,HSP90,and CANX genes were strongly and rapidly upregulated in the control/thermal stress groups but were slightly less upregulated in the thermal stress/recovery group.These results indicate that the innate immune system or nonspecific immunity was deployed to protect interior tissues from thermal stress.In addition,85%of the mutual DEGs were involved in bidirectional regulation(up/down or down/up)when the oysters were removed from the thermal stress to recover.This study provides preliminary insight into the molecular response of C.sikamea(♀)and C.gigas(♂)hybrids to thermal stress and provides a basis for future studies on temperature-adaptation and the possible expansion of hybrid breeding. 相似文献
15.
The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature. 相似文献
16.
北京市热岛效应时空变化的HJ-1B监测分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用2008-2011年HJ-1B/CCD可见光-近红外数据,以及HJ-1B/IRS热红外数据,采用遥感算法反演北京市地表温度,并用MODIS地表温度产品对反演结果进行了初步验证。同时分析了北京市热岛效应的年际、年内变化趋势。另利用热场变异指数分析其空间分布特征,以及NDVI、NDBI与城市下垫面对热岛效应的影响。结果表明:(1)2008-2010年北京市热岛强度总体呈上升趋势,2011年有所缓解,4年热岛强度分别为:5.2℃、5.2℃、9.2℃、8.2℃;(2)北京市2010年四季存在明显热岛现象,夏季最强,春、秋次之,冬季最弱,四季热岛强度分别为8.2℃、9.4℃、9.2℃、4.3℃;(3)2008-2011年北京市热岛空间分布特征表明,房山区和大兴区的南部热岛效应逐年缓解,2011年昌平区热岛效应比前3年明显,植被和水体形成城市冷岛;(4)地表温度与NDVI呈明显负相关,与NDBI呈正相关,城市热岛效应与下垫面类型存在明显相关性。 相似文献
17.
不同温度下罗非鱼人工感染海豚链球菌后血液生化指标及组织病理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在28℃、33℃两种温度下,用海豚链球菌人工感染尼罗罗非鱼后,测定尼罗罗非鱼血液生化指标。结果显示:两个温度水平病鱼的血清总蛋白(TP)随时间延长都呈现升高趋势;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性随时间延长先升高后降低再升高,33℃实验组ALT、AST活性比28℃实验组达峰值时间短,并显著高于对照组(p<0.05);尿素、钾(K+)含量随时间延长逐渐升高后降低,钠(Na+)含量先升高后降低再升高,肌酐含量呈上升趋势;血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性28℃实验组呈先升高后降低趋势,33℃实验组呈升高趋势;超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性随时间延长先升高后降低再升高,33℃实验组各个时间点基本高于28℃实验组;球蛋白(GLO)随感染后时间延长呈现升高趋势,至120 h,显著高于对照组(p<0.05),但温度组间各时间点没有显著差异(p>0.05)。组织病理学观察发现,33℃实验组肝细胞、肾小管上皮细胞水肿变性;28℃实验组肝细胞出现嗜酸性小体;肾小管上皮细胞出现嗜酸性的红色小体,颗粒变性。表明感染海豚链球菌的尼罗罗非鱼肝脏、肾脏均有损伤,造成功能障碍,高温时损伤更严重。 相似文献
18.
选取1 日龄乌鬃鹅300 只,随机分成5 组,对照组（A）用基础饲粮饲养,实验组B～E 组分别在基础饲粮中添加质量分数1%（B 组）、2%（C 组）、3%（D 组）、4%（E 组）的螺旋藻,实验期63 d.结果表明：与对照组相比,添加螺旋藻对乌鬃鹅的屠宰率、半净膛率、腹脂率和肌肉灰分无显著影响（P〉0.05）,对其它生长指标和全净膛率均有显著性影响（P〈0.05）,其中2%C 组和3% D 组的料重比显著下降（P〈0.05）, E 组全净膛率显著提高（P〈0.05）;肌肉的粗蛋白质（CP）含量E〉D〉C〉B〉A,粗脂肪（EE）含量E〉A〉B〉C〉D;所测得的17 种氨基酸中,包括含有人体必需的7 种氨基酸（EAA）和2 种半必需氨基酸（HEAA）;氨基酸评分（AAS）和化学评分（CS）最高的是赖氨酸（Lys）,实验组的必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）均比对照组有所提高.添加2%～3%（w）的螺旋藻对生长性能有显著差异（P〈0.05）,对粗脂肪、粗蛋白的含量有所改善;从肌肉EAAI 来看,添加螺旋藻后的肌肉蛋白质品质优于不添加螺旋藻的对照组.建议饲粮中螺旋藻的添加量为质量分数2%. 相似文献
19.
在盐度5、10、15、20、25、30条件下,以全人工配合饵料饲喂龙虎斑[鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)×棕点石斑鱼(E.fuscoguttatus♀)]60 d,研究不同盐度对龙虎斑生长和摄食的影响。结果表明,不同盐度对龙虎斑生长的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度5~20组增长率、特定生长率均高于盐度25、30组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度10组的增长率最高,为55.08%,盐度15组的特定生长率最大,为2.30%/d,盐度和龙虎斑生长速率的回归方程为K=0.000 09 S 4-0.006 S 3+0.131 S 2-1.055 S+4.832(R 2=0.984);不同盐度对龙虎斑的摄食率和饵料系数影响有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度15组的摄食率最高,为1.64%/d,其次为盐度10组,为1.60%/d,饵料系数在盐度15组最低,为0.820,其次为盐度10组,为0.827。因此,龙虎斑在低盐度条件下生长比高盐度快,摄食率高,饵料利用率高,最佳生长盐度为10~15。 相似文献
20.
吉富罗非鱼最适生长水温研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究不同养殖水温对吉富罗非鱼摄食和生长的影响,了解吉富罗非鱼的最适生长水温,实验设计28℃、30℃、32℃、34℃4个不同温度梯度,周期45 d。结果表明:不同水温环境下吉富罗非鱼表现出不同的生长特性,养殖在30℃水体中的罗非鱼生长速度明显高于其他温度组;水温对吉富罗非鱼的特定生长率、绝对增重率、饲料转化率、摄食率有显著影响(P<0.05),之间的相关关系可以用二次回归曲线来描述,特定生长率(SGR)与水温的关系式为rSGR=-19.255+1.3794T-0.0235T2,摄食率(FR)与水温的关系式为rFR=-22.175+1.5901T-0.026 6 T2,饲料转化率(FCR)与水温的关系式为rFCR=34.041-2.2256T+0.0382 T2;吉富罗非鱼的最适生长水温为29.3℃,最大摄食率的水温为29.9℃,最高食物转化率水温为29.1℃。 相似文献