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《测量评论》2013,45(28):334-338
AbstractI Hope Dr Wolff's interesting article will stimulate to action some of those who have not given sufficient attention to air survey as a method of mapping or planning those areas which lend themselves to that method. At the same time, whether so many of us are as conservative as the author appears to think is a matter for doubt, and moreover we do not all look upon air survey as an “innovation”. As Dr Wolff writes from Palestine he might be interested to know that as the second British Officer to take up field survey work in the War in 1915—Major (now Brigadier) Winterbotham being the first—I was one of the earliest in my profession to study, and to assist in the development of, air survey. In 1915 our unit in the 3rd Army was the first to make use of air photographs for the production of a regular series of trench maps. There are consequently few surveyors more interested in the method. I have watched the progress of the science and the work of the Air Survey Committee with continued interest and have used air methods whenever these have been possible or suitable. On my last visit to Paris I tried my hand at plotting with a new instrument at the Service Géographique and was much impressed by the work that was being done. 相似文献
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N. W. T. Chisholm 《The Photogrammetric Record》1990,13(76):533-560
This study of coastal air survey draws together the main characteristics of the coastal zone, scientific sites of interest, statutory spheres of responsibility, existing coastal photography and survey, and evidence of survey practices by many with responsibilities in these environments. In contrast to the surveyor/photogrammetrist steeped in survey techniques and map use, the majority of people who commission and use air photographs and photogrammetric mapping have very different backgrounds and interests and have widely differing objectives. They come largely from the disciplines of economics, planning, engineering, geography, biological sciences and accountancy. They, too, have their own view of the value of air survey and the analysis here of the trends in demand and use for such material suggests that these sources of information play only a minor and occasional part in their everyday work. 相似文献
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none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):119-134
AbstractFighting the 1914–18 war largely on enemy territory in both the east and the west, German was at a disadvantage compared to the Allies when it came to survey and mapping as it did have access to much of the geodetic, topographic and cartographic data, relating to this terrain, necessary for modern warfare — in particular for artillery survey. German and Austria did, however, have a commanding lead in terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, and the latter was to prove crucial in the production of accurate large-scale maps of enemy and occupied territory. Despite strong forces of conservatism in the high and field commands and in the artillery and military survey organizations, new air survey methods based on the photogoniometer and radial triangulation were rapidly developed. Through continual laboratory and field experimentation and testing, German was to increase her lead in aerial photogrammetry, and by the end of the war had not only set up a completely new air survey organization but was developing a new generation of optical-mechanical stereoplotting instruments of great precision. German progress was not, however, evident in all fields of military survey, and this paper examines the approaches taken by German to survey and mapping on the Western Front, and briefly compares and contrasts them with those of the Allies. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(55):2-10
AbstractCrabs! Thousands of bright red crabs on a white foreshore; clinging black mud in tidal creeks with an overhanging tangle of tropical forest. These dominate one's memories of the Irrawaddy Delta in 1924. The Forest Department of Burma is the custodian of some 1,000 square miles of valuable forest reserves in the delta of this great river. The survey and production of “Forest” maps of this area was long overdue, postponed by reason of the immense expense and difficulty of a ground survey. Air survey, developed during the First World War, was ideally suited to this type of country but was still in its infancy, so that prolonged negotiations were necessary to persuade the Government of Burma to risk £25,000 on what appeared to them a doubtful proposition, as this was one of the first of the peace-time air surveys to be undertaken. Eventually, in July 1923 the contract was signed. Ronald Kemp, the first Chief Inspector of Civil Aircraft in India, gave up that post and formed an air survey company to carry out the photography as the first of his many survey contracts in India and Burma; I was in charge of the ground work and subsequent mapping. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(12):352-357
Abstract Preliminary Note.—The substance of this article was written in 1921 at the request of Lieut-Col. Wolff, who was then in charge of the Levelling Division of the Ordnance Survey and with whom the author collaborated in writing “The Second Geodetic Levelling of England and Wales, 1912–21” under the direction of Sir Charles Close. It was not intended for publication and was not again considered until 1928, when a discussion by correspondence was started by the Surveyor-General of Ceylon on the subject of hill circuits in levelling. In this discussion the survey authorities in Great Britain, Canada, India, and South Africa took part, but the main theme was the accumulation of error due to the large number of sightings necessary in hilly country and the question whether a common formula for such country and for flat country was justifiable. In his contribution Dr. van der Sterr made a brief allusion to the subject of the present paper and Dr. de Graaff Hunter went into details. His contribution and the following remarks therefore have some arguments in common. 相似文献
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研究了在动态条件下对人员无法到达区目标定位的方法,分别研制了GPS激光测距定位系统和GPS近景信息采集系统。设计了水上动态实验,分析了两套系统的定位精度,验证了两套系统在动态测量模式下的可用性,提出了对人员无法到达区目标定位的新手段。 相似文献
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老旧防空洞是一种隐埋于地下几米到几十米的人防设施,一般的仪器无法从地表对其准确定位。本文利用地球物理勘探微重力测量和瞬变电磁测量两种方法,分别对已知参数防空洞进行探测,通过和已知防空洞的参数进行对比,总结出了微重力探测老旧防空洞的有效方法。 相似文献
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D. W. G. Arthur 《The Photogrammetric Record》1972,7(40):442-453
Close up photographs of the lunar surface obtained by the Apollo 14 astronauts presented unusual problems in relative orientation caused by essentially different directions of the camera axes. The problem was resolved by dividing each large unknown rotation into two parts, one of which was a large known part and the other was a small unknown part. The method succeeds when the unknown rotation elements can be initially estimated to about 10°. 相似文献
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P. F. Fagan 《The Photogrammetric Record》1972,7(40):405-423
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R. Farrand 《The Photogrammetric Record》1967,5(29):373-380
Some applications of photogrammetric techniques do not require the high standard of accuracy in instrumentation which we have come to associate with air survey. The comparator now described provides a simple solution to a particular problem. It requires neither a skilled operator nor stereoscopic vision, and could be used by the average office draughtsman. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(11):268-278
AbstractColonel MacLeod has already given in this Review (vol. i, 151–6, 207–14, 253–9) an excellent general account of the activities of the Field Survey Units in the Great War, but perhaps the details of some of the problems that presented themselves and the personal experiences of a Field Survey Officer may still be of some interest. 相似文献
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The first author commenced his experiences with aerial photography in 1945, when he joined the Royal Air Force (RAF). The aerial cameras used at that time were the Williamson F24 and F52, with Ilford HP3 and FP3 panchromatic films. Subsequently the Williamson F95 camera was tested against the USAF Sonne 11 camera. During his final years in the RAF, a variety of film types was employed: colour, monochrome infra-red and false colour infra-red. Additional experience was gained when the author was employed by the International Training Centre (ITC), The Netherlands and he saw the further development of the air camera from the Wild RC8 and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK 15/23 to the Wild RC20, Zeiss (Jena) LMK and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK TOP. He predicts that the future lies with digital cameras.
The second author started working with aerial photography in the 1950s. Details are given of cameras, visual navigation sights and survey aircraft dating from that period. Overseas operations, carried out mainly by Hunting Surveys and Fairey Surveys, posed particular problems because the majority of the work there was undertaken without the aid of existing maps. The introduction of external navigation systems is described, from the Decca ship navigation system, through the GNS-200 VLF/Omega low frequency radio system to INS, the Inertial Navigation System. The author later joined the ITC, which enabled him to participate in trials of the Computer-controlled Photo Navigation System. Eventually practical experience was gained with differential GPS, particularly in countries in southeast Asia. Aerial photography currently appears to benefit less from financial investment than the photographic, aviation and survey industries. However, the satisfaction of making a significant contribution to major overseas development projects outweighs the frustration of lack of acceptance of plans for the future of the air survey industry. 相似文献
The second author started working with aerial photography in the 1950s. Details are given of cameras, visual navigation sights and survey aircraft dating from that period. Overseas operations, carried out mainly by Hunting Surveys and Fairey Surveys, posed particular problems because the majority of the work there was undertaken without the aid of existing maps. The introduction of external navigation systems is described, from the Decca ship navigation system, through the GNS-200 VLF/Omega low frequency radio system to INS, the Inertial Navigation System. The author later joined the ITC, which enabled him to participate in trials of the Computer-controlled Photo Navigation System. Eventually practical experience was gained with differential GPS, particularly in countries in southeast Asia. Aerial photography currently appears to benefit less from financial investment than the photographic, aviation and survey industries. However, the satisfaction of making a significant contribution to major overseas development projects outweighs the frustration of lack of acceptance of plans for the future of the air survey industry. 相似文献
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E. H. Wickens 《The Photogrammetric Record》1973,7(42):678-687
Following a successful meeting in 1971, the Photogrammetric Society held a second symposium at the University of Birmingham on 31st March and 1 st April, 1973. Four papers were delivered. The first considered the problems of the instrument operator and the contribution which he was able to make to the development of techniques and instrumentation. The second paper examined the status of the optical transfer function in lens calibration. Participants were able to look back and appreciate the early use of air survey methods, particularly in India, during the third paper and then turn to consider the present position of photogrammetry during the final paper. 相似文献
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数字罗盘在超低空遥感平台的应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
介绍了一种利用固态磁阻(Magneto Resistive)传感器和倾斜传感器测定3维姿态(航向、俯仰、横滚)的方法.在此基础上,集成了一套小型、低价、实用的数字罗盘系统.该罗盘系统不仅可以用于小型超低空遥感平台的导航,而且可以解决小型超低空航空摄影测量的大角度问题.该数字罗盘还可以进一步与GPS、3轴加速度计结合,为POS系统的研究提供实验基础. 相似文献
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