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This paper explores the relationship between interdisciplinary studies and research and researchers’ positionalities, both within and beyond geography. The profound degree to which researchers’ assumptions, expectations and attitudes (which in turn are affected by their personal backgrounds, training, location, etc.) influences the very notion of interdisciplinarity, and what it involves and consists of, is often neither noted nor appreciated. This paper will illustrate, particularly through personal examples, how positionality is part of the circuit of knowledge production, informing academic research, employment and publishing to no small extent. The boundaries of interdisciplinary research are shown to be under constant negotiation, still far from mutual understanding or consensus, a fact which explains the often uneasy identification and negotiation of oneself as an interdisciplinary scholar. The paper concludes by making recommendations at individual and institutional level on how to overcome some of the constraints imposed by researchers’ positionalities to the promotion of interdisciplinary research. 相似文献
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提出岩相古地理研究的优势相思路与方法,优势相划分由等时性界面限定的沉积持续时间和沉积厚度这条主线串联起来。优势相分析具有定性与定量兼有的特征,即以各种定性与定量的、反映某个时期或阶段沉积环境特点的关键因素或指标资料为基础,由点到线、由线到面,点、线、面结合,由二维到三维空间,确定该阶段或该时期占优势的主导沉积相或岩相。主导沉积相或岩相既要满足沉积持续时间的主导、又要满足沉积物质表现优势,还需满足盆地或区块总体背景和环境格局上的合理性与综合性。指出优势因素(或称优势参数)是优势相确定的基础和前提。提出了“广义岩相古地理”和“狭义岩相古地理”2个概念,在其研究内容、精度、理论深度、研究区域范围和应用等方面进行区别,但并不能由一两个指标就简单区分,需要综合对比和分析才可以界定。论文还论述了岩相古地理研究出现的7个新方向,这些新的研究方向可根据研究目的和解决的实际勘探目标,进行广义和狭义岩相古地理分析。运用优势相分析思路和方法,在柴达木盆地新生代等时性地层划分及建立了盆地等时地层格架基础上,进行了柴达木盆地关键时期岩相古地理恢复。 相似文献
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2019年9月14日11时,受多日降雨影响,甘肃省定西市通渭县常家河镇小庄村发生大规模黄土滑坡,体积约800万m3。滑坡造成部分农田、公路及阳坡大桥损毁,直接经济损失约2 347.2万元。在对滑坡现场进行大量地面调查的基础上,通过无人机航拍、现场测绘、走访调查和数值模拟等手段对滑坡的变形破坏特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了其成因机制。结果表明:斜坡体是在震裂、蠕变、软化、水动力等多种条件下按照一定的先后顺序由稳态逐步演化至失稳;该滑坡的失稳演化过程和灾变机制可以概括为原始斜坡(黄土、泥岩二元层状结构)-地震触发(滑坡堆积体、坡体震裂损伤)-蠕变弱化(层间剪切带、裂缝和落水洞扩展)-降雨激发(滑带软化、泥化,水压力作用)-失稳滑动(滑面贯通)5个阶段;由于长期的蠕变和雨水的渗透冲蚀,坡体上的落水洞和地下暗河十分发育,且是控制本次滑坡边界的关键因素;滑坡后缘和前缘变形剧烈,中部变形相对稍弱,推断该滑坡为受地形及地下水作用控制明显的牵引-推移式复合滑坡。 相似文献
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Much of the coal consumed in the US since the end of the last century has been produced from the Pennsylvanian strata of the Appalachian basin. Even though quantities mined in the past are less than they are today, this basin yielded from 70% to 80% of the nation's annual coal production from the end of the last century until the early 1970s. During the last 25 years, the proportion of the nation's coal that was produced annually from the Appalachian basin has declined markedly, and today it is only about 40% of the total. The amount of coal produced annually in the Appalachian basin, however, has been rising slowly over the last several decades, and has ranged generally from 400 to 500 million tons (Mt) per year.A large proportion of Appalachian historical production has come from relatively few counties in southwestern Pennsylvania, northern and southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Virginia and Alabama. Many of these counties are decades past their years of peak production and several are almost depleted of economic deposits of coal. Because the current major consumer of Appalachian coal is the electric power industry, coal quality, especially sulfur content, has a great impact on its marketability. High-sulfur coal deposits in western Pennsylvania and Ohio are in low demand when compared with the lower sulfur coals of Virginia and southern West Virginia. Only five counties in the basin that have produced 500 Mt or more exhibit increasing rates of production at relatively high levels. Of these, six are in the central part of the basin and only one, Greene County, Pennsylvania, is in the northern part of the basin. Decline rate models, based on production decline rates and the decline rate of the estimated, “potential” reserve, indicate that Appalachian basin annual coal production will be 200 Mt or less by the middle of the next century. 相似文献
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Thermal behaviour of γ-anhydrite (γ-CaSO4, soluble anhydrite) has been investigated in situ real-time using laboratory parallel-beam X-ray powder diffraction data.
Thermal expansion has been analysed from 303 to 569 K with temperature steps of 4 K. Lattice parameters and volume were fitted
with a second-order polynomial to calculate thermal expansion coefficients. Thermal expansion of γ-anhydrite is anisotropic
being larger along the c axis. Within the 343–383 K thermal range, γ-anhydrite has been found to partially re-hydrate to bassanite CaSO4·0.5H2O. At 455 K the transformation γ-CaSO4 → β-CaSO4, insoluble anhydrite, starts reaching completion at 653 K. 相似文献
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The geochemist, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky has only recently become recognised internationally, despite being regarded as one of the greatest names in science of the 20th century in his homeland Russia. There are several reasons for his lack of renown in the west, but mainly because his most important work “The Biosphere” was only fully translated into English in 1997. This book and the ideas it contains are now becoming regarded as one of the pioneering works of the last century. It defines the biosphere as a unifying, holistic concept for the earth system at a time when reductionism was the driving motivation in scientific research. Above all, for earth scientists, Vernadsky regarded life as the driving geological force. However another, as yet unpublished work (in three volumes) entitled “The History of Natural Waters” also deserves similar attention. This book explores many concepts in hydrogeology, geochemistry, geofluid circulation and especially biology in which water is described as an integral part of the biosphere. 相似文献
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四川西部高山峡谷地貌发育,山高林密且地质环境恶劣,区内林草资源丰富,森林火灾多发、易发、频发,灾害应急处置难度大,防控任务重。国产高分系列卫星影像具有时空分辨率高、载荷类型多、机动性强、幅宽范围大、成像迅速等优点,对川西地区森林防灭火、灾害应急处置及防灾减灾等有明显优势。以2021年四川九龙县三岩龙乡“4·08”森林火灾为例,利用国产高分系列卫星数据分别对森林火灾初期、中期及晚期开展应急处置,包括快速解译林火火灾救援要素(初期)、感知亮温异常态势(中期)、跟踪监测过火区动态(中期)、结合火场需求提供应急扑救部署建议(中期)、开展灾损解译评估(晚期)及火后泥石流易发性评价(火后)等,结果表明国产高分系列卫星对森林火灾应急处置的全流程应用具有实践指导意义。 相似文献
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为了明确涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层地质资源量,评价区块资源潜力,针对涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区勘探程度较高、钻井资料较为齐全的基础条件,利用区内已钻探7口评价导眼井资料,选取静态法对该区块五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层页岩气资源量进行计算,根据地质行业标准《页岩气资源/储量计算与评价技术规范》要求,游离气地质资源量计算采用容积法,吸附气地质资源量计算采用体积法,重点阐述计算方法及所需的各项参数,包括面积、厚度、总孔隙度、游离气含气饱和度、吸附气含量等,初步计算了涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层资源量约为1 100亿m3,资源丰度大于4亿m3/km2,页岩气资源量评级为Ⅱ级,具备较好的开发潜力。采用该方法对涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块进行资源量计算和评价,获得了地质资源量,评价了区块产气效果,方法应用适应性较好,是开展焦石坝区块页岩气储量动用状况研究的重要基础。 相似文献
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构造体系由强变形构造带和弱变形地域共同构成,这些构造带和变形带可以用结构面的形式表达。构造体系结构面的分布分析,更加适用于变形规律研究,便于追索构造应力场及其演化。以长江中下游地质结构与导矿-控矿要素研究为基础,总结了新华夏构造体系结构面的“米字型”分布特征。新华夏系“米字型”构造,由NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱带、NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂、NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造和NWW 300°方向(长江式)的横张构造组成。其演化分先后三个阶段;NNW 345°方向—NEE 75°方向的共轭剪切构造阶段、NNE 25°方向挤压构造阶段和NWW 300°方向的张性剪切构造阶段。新华夏构造体系的“米字型”构造样式的识别,为研究构造体系的应力-应变成因、探讨构造体系的形成演化以及浅部构造和深部构造相关性研究提供了重要的地质构造基础。在其它类型的构造体系中,结构面也具有“米字型”分布特征。 相似文献
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第四纪冰期的千年尺度气候突变事件——Dansgaard-Oeschger Event (D-O事件),一直是古气候学领域关注的重点。近年来,数值模拟的研究发现,北大西洋副极地地区年际-年代际气候变率的振幅在D-O事件中的冰阶冷期远大于间冰阶暖期,这一现象为理解该区域海温代理指标的气候学意义提供了重要参考价值,但其动力机制尚不清晰。本文利用海气耦合气候模型(COSMOS),通过模拟氧同位素(MIS)3阶段的一个典型D-O事件过程,探讨了冰阶冷期北大西洋气候变率的放大机制。结果显示,北大西洋副极地海域的季节性海冰通过调控海气间热量交换,影响当地气候变率的幅度。冰阶期,热带暖水向北输送导致海洋次表层逐渐升温,削弱了表层-次表层海水的密度层结,有利于次表层暖水上涌,促进海冰融化及海表温度升高。这将激发出海平面气压的负异常,引起气旋式风切变,并通过Ekman抽吸作用加速表层-次表层海水的垂直混合,进一步促进次表层暖水的上涌。这一正反馈机制造成海洋次表层热量的迅速释放,海表温度快速升高。当次表层热量释放结束后,海表将无暖水补充,导致海表温度下降,海冰增多。该过程激发的海表气压正异常(即反气旋式风切变)将抑制垂直混合发生,促进次表层热量积累,为下一次放热过程提供条件。在间冰阶暖期,随着北大西洋季节性海冰消失,海气间热交换不再受海冰变化影响,海洋次表层与大气间的热交换始终处于准平衡态,气候变率的振幅显著下降。本研究结果显示,北大西洋季节性海冰的存在可以调控海洋次表层热量积累-释放的过程,产生“电容器”效应,这对理解冰期年际-年代际气候变率放大现象有重要启示意义。 相似文献
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Nantgarw phosphatic (bone-ash) porcelain (ca. 1813–1820) is renowned for its translucency and the high quality of its enamel decoration. However, only a small proportion of its wares (perhaps 10%) were successfully fired due to sagging (body distortion) and other problems. This indicates that: (1) In terms of its potential for generating a minimum melt, the Nantgarw paste had an unusually fertile composition, or (2) Nantgarw's staff had difficulties in controlling kiln temperatures, so that its wares tended to be overfired. This issue has been addressed using analytical data for sherds excavated from the factory site. Detailed modal, petrographic, and geochemical data demonstrate that extensively sagged wasters contain a high proportion (∼43–63 vol %) of a former melt phase but are surprisingly porous (7–25 vol % pores). In terms of minimum melt generation, the sagged samples have a more fertile bulk composition than their successfully fired counterparts. Most of the wasters contain subsolidus anorthite (∼An95) enclosed by a melt phase with (once corrected for entrained silica polymorph crystallites) a eutectic (minimum melt) composition. The anorthite, however, was completely resorbed by the melt in some of the sagged samples, which subsequently crystallized liquidus anorthite that displays a quenched morphology. These samples were therefore fired above (Tmax <1430°C, as estimated from melt compositions) the eutectic (T∼1290°C) in the anorthite–tricalcium phosphate–silica system. The fact that other wasters contain subsolidus anorthite and a minimum melt shows that firing at the eutectic did not guarantee a successful firing, regardless of the melt fertility of the paste. It is likely that the duration of firing near Tmax and character of the object (i.e., flatware vs. hollow-ware) were also important variables in this regard. In addition to producing their well-known phosphatic wares, Nantgarw's proprietors apparently also experimented with silicious pastes with compositions akin to true porcelain. Some of silicious sherds found at the site have a lead-bearing (∼15 wt % PbO) glaze, indicating that they survived an early, high temperature biscuit firing, after which they were fired at lower temperature in the glost kiln (i.e., a “soft-paste type” firing sequence). Evidence that the Nantgarw kiln could achieve temperatures in the order of 1400°C further suggests that these silicious sherds are b.f. wasters. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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通过剖析和总结两个重要的研究经历和学术成果:(1)应用东北印度洋的深海钻心研究喜马拉雅山—青藏高原隆升,(2)应用南海周边陆域的岩浆-沉积记录研究“古南海”的消亡和南海的早期开裂,作者阐释了对于这一特殊的“海陆对比”研究的理解、策划与心得体会。在前一项凭海观山的研究中,首先明确在东北印度洋区存在两类组分、成因各不相同的深海沉积序列,它们分别坐落于孟加拉海底扇和东经90°海岭,在响应山脉隆升的方式上各具优势。经过对两个序列的替代性指标的严格筛选与对比,确定3.6~3.2 Ma和1.0~0.6 Ma是晚中新世以来山脉与高原隆升影响最为深刻的关键时段。在第二项由陆识海的研究中,须要处理的则是较第一项更为复杂的包括岩浆、构造、沉积甚至陆上钻井在内的地质记录,而且其保存条件远逊深海沉积系列。此类研究的优势在于,可以避免单一钻孔记录的局限性,助力研究者在更广阔的区域内综合各种适用的基础材料,构建反映海陆一体化的区域构造演化框架。在华南大陆边缘,存在中生代晚期活动陆缘向新生代被动陆缘的重大构造转换。为建立一个完整的陆缘弧体系,作者于研究区布设了“十字形”考察路线,在东西向追索最初发现于海南的陆缘弧的展布特征,在南北向查明陆缘弧的结构样式,发现在白垩纪中期(110~80 Ma)发生强烈的因板块汇聚而产生的区域隆升,且由南向北隆升强度减弱。经过与同期浙闽陆缘岩浆-沉积记录的综合对比,认为中生代向北俯冲的“古南海”很可能属于业已消亡的特提斯域。中生代末华南陆缘进入全新的发展阶段,三水盆地因展现白垩纪—始新世规模最大且保存最好的岩浆-沉积过程被选为被动陆缘破裂研究的中心地区。古新世晚期(~57 Ma)以碱性玄武岩-粗面岩-钠闪碱流岩为代表的碱性系列双峰式火山喷发活动在研究区兴起,并一直持续到盆地停止发育(42~38 Ma)。实验数据显示:(1)岩浆源区位于软流圈地幔,即使喷发规模最大的粗面岩和碱流岩,也是来自幔源玄武质岩浆的分阶段结晶分异,(2)计算得到的地幔热异常并不明显。作者综合所得结果判断,研究区不存在主导区域构造运动的深源地幔柱,三水盆地发达的火山岩系产出的真实背景在于,中生代晚期的俯冲-碰撞使得岩石圈缩短加厚,于中新生代之交发生拆沉作用和软流圈上涌。这一区域构造环境不仅导致新生代早期的华南裂谷作用,很可能对其后的南海扩张也产生重要影响。现代地球科学将海和陆这两个最大的地理单元紧密地联系在一起,从海洋采集相关的地质信号研究大陆构造,抑或反之,都给我们提供了审视和解决科学问题的新的有效视窗。 相似文献