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1.
几种添加剂对合成硬硅钙石二次粒子形貌的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在利用高纯度钙质、硅质原料合成硬硅钙石过程中分别加入少量的Sr(NO3)2,Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O3种添加剂对硬硅钙石二次粒子形貌的影响。实验结果表明,单纯使用高纯度原料生成硬硅钙石结晶不好,纤维不明显;在原料中加入Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O添加剂后,对于生成的硬硅钙石晶体有一定的帮助,可以看到比较明显的硬硅钙石纤维;原料中加入Sr(NO3)2添加剂后有利于生成硬硅钙石晶体,硬硅钙石二次粒子球形明显,也可以看到明显的硬硅钙石纤维;加入适当少量ZrOCl2·8H2O的添加剂后进一步可以获得结构中空的大直径超轻硬硅钙石二次粒子及良好的硬硅钙石纤维。 相似文献
2.
1982年笔者在河北符山矿镁矽卡岩的裂隙中发现了碳硅钙石,具完好的板状晶体,发育有{100},{101},{120},{201}等单形。Ng=1.628,Nm=1.615,Np=1.609,(+)2V=67°;比重为2.76;空间群I2/m;a_o=10.1206,b_o=15.2058,c_o=6.6345;β=100°37′;Z=2.结构式为(Ca_(7.03)Fe_(0.01)Mn_(0.01)K_(0.002))〔Si_6O_(18)〕_(0.98)(CO_3)_1.06·2.1 H_2O,主要X—射线衍射线为3.02(100),2.99(80),2.78(35),2.49(40),1.896(40)。红外光谱有21个吸收带,CO_3群的伸缩振动谱带有明显分裂。DTA曲线表现有240℃及757℃两个吸热谷及895℃的放热峰。该地产出的碳硅钙石是矽卡岩晚期的低温热液矿物,与方解石,钙沸石,雪硅钙石,吉水硅钙石和硅灰石产膏等共生。 相似文献
3.
以合成雪硅钙石为晶种回收废水中的磷 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以合成雪硅钙石为晶种,探索了用结晶法以磷酸钙形式回收废水中磷的适宜条件。结果表明,在实验水质条件下,模拟废水pH=8、n(Ca)/n(P)=2、晶种用量大于1.6g/L、振荡24h后溶液中残留磷可达到国家污水综合排放标准一级(0.5mg/L)以下;在优化条件下证实了合成雪硅钙石的供碱能力,循环利用18次,回收磷的效果仍然很好。运用XRD、FTIR、SEM和EDS等测试手段对在实验条件下重复使用18次的雪硅钙石进行了表征,证明回收的磷主要以结晶度不高的羟基磷灰石形态存在。 相似文献
4.
利用天然粉石英制作耐高温硅酸钙保温材料的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究以天然粉石英为硅质原料,普通建筑用石灰为钙质原料生产硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料的基本反应原理、反应过程和可用于工业化生产的工艺技术。用该项新技术所生产的硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料,其性能达到美国和日本同类产品标准。 相似文献
5.
在广东大顶锡铁矿的镁矽卡岩体中,存在一种罕见的含硼矿物—碳硼硅钙镁石(harkerite)。这一矿物,是蒂利(Tilley)1948年在苏格兰斯凯岛的镁矽卡岩中首次发现的。60年代以来,又相继在西伯利亚雅库特和阿拉斯加苏厄德半岛的同类型矿床中见到。大顶锡铁矿位在石背岩体与三叠系上统白云岩层的接触带。那里的镁矽卡岩相当发育。镁矽卡岩的主要矿物为镁橄榄石、镁尖晶石及深绿辉石。镁矽卡岩的 相似文献
6.
中国辽宁金刚石中高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)等超高压矿物包裹体的发现及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在中国辽宁金刚石中获得的高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)为一单晶碎片包裹体,与其共存的金刚石包裹体还有刚玉、碳化钛、红色金刚石碎片、钙钛矿、二氧化硅等。通过电子探针成分分析,确定该高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)成分超硅高钙缺镁,8个分析点平均值计算的矿物分子式为(Ca2.35Fe0.49Mn0.15Mg0.02)3.01(Al1.08Fe0.48Si0.44)2.00(SiO4)3,根据Kenneth等(2000)提出的计算压力的公式得到该包裹体高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)形成的压力为14GPa,估算形成深度达400km。用四圆单晶衍射仪测定了该石榴石的晶体结构,a=1.195 15(4)nm,求得了各原子的座标、占位度和各向异性温度因子,用I>2σ(I),计算得到R1=0.077 9,WR2=0.141 6,Goodness-of-fit(F2)=1.382。在该高硅钙铁榴石包裹体中还存在微米级二氧化硅(呈四边形断面)和氧化铁(含钠)的包裹体(析离体),它们可能是斯石英和方铁矿(或似沂蒙矿)。从高硅钙铁榴石(Majorite)的成分判断,其物质来源具壳源性质,由此推断的大陆壳俯冲深度要超过400km,这与地球物理探测郯庐断裂已切穿了上地幔、进入软流圈的看法相一致。 相似文献
7.
水热法分解钾长石制备雪硅钙石的实验研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
采用CaO作为助剂,在低温、中压的水热条件下分解钾长石,继而合成一种水合硅酸钙--雪硅钙石,同时得到KOH稀溶液,可用于制备高纯碳酸钾。影响晶化反应的主要因素有n(Ca)/n(Al+Si)、晶化温度、晶化时间、水固比（质量比）、搅拌速度等。讨论了各因素对钾长石分解及雪硅钙石形成的影响,通过X射线粉末衍射、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜等手段对合成产物进行结构性能表征。实验结果表明,以CaO为助剂分解钾长石,同时合成雪硅钙石的工艺方法可行,资源利用率接近100%。实验得到的优化工艺条件为：晶化温度为220～250 ℃,n(Ca)/n(Al+Si)在0.8～1.0之间,晶化时间5～8 h,水固比为20～25,搅拌速度400 r/min。在此条件下,钾长石中K2O的溶出率达80%以上,同时得到结晶良好的针状雪硅钙石晶体。 相似文献
8.
镁硅钙石(Merwinite原译名镁蔷薇辉石)是一种不常见的硅酸盐矿物。1921年在美国加利福尼亚首次发现,后来国外又有过一些研究报导,但是直到1974年才获得较为完善的矿物学资料。在国内至今未见正式报导。1977年我们在作河北省涞源地区的岩矿鉴定样品时,发现了镁硅钙石。现将研究情况报导如下。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了探讨有关天然沸石降低水溶液中氟含量方面实际应用的可能性及其机理,笔者自1979年春到1982年冬断断续续开展了些试验。实验中也用雪硅钙石(建筑上加气砖废料)对笔者的观点作了进一步验证。 相似文献
11.
Dispersed alkaline substrates (DAS) have been successfully used in passive treatment of highly contaminated acid mine drainage (AMD) to limit coating and clogging issues. However, further optimization of DAS systems is still needed, especially for their long-term efficiency during the treatment of ferriferous AMD. In the present study, three types of DAS comprised of natural alkaline materials (wood ash, calcite, dolomite), in different proportions (20%v/v, 50%v/v, 80%v/v), and a substrate with high surface area (wood chips) were tested in 9 batch reactors. The testing was carried out, in duplicate, for a period of 91 days, to evaluate the comparative performance of the mixtures for iron pre-treatment in ferriferous AMD (2500 mg/L Fe, at pH 4). Results showed increasing of pH (between 4.15 and 7.12), regardless of the proportion of alkaline materials in the DAS mixtures. Among the tested mixtures, wood ash type DAS were more effective for Fe removal (99.9%) than calcite or dolomite type DAS (up to 66%). All tested DAS had limited efficiency for sulfate removal and an additional treatment unit, such as a sulfate-reducing biochemical reactor, is needed. Moreover, due to the similar performances of the calcite and dolomite DAS, they could be potentially substituted and rather be used in a polishing treatment unit. Based on these findings, the most promising mixture was the 50% wood ash type DAS (WA50-DAS). 相似文献
12.
The La Peña alkaline complex (LPC) of Miocene age (18–19 Ma) lies on the eastern front of the Precordillera (32°41ʹ34ʺS, 68°59ʹ48″W, 1400–2900 m a.s.l.), 30 km northwest of Mendoza city, Argentina. It is a subcircular massif of 19 km2 and 5 km in diameter, intruded in the metasedimentary sequence of the Villavicencio Formation of Silurian-Devonian age. It is the result of integration of multiple pulses derived from one or more deep magma chambers, which form a suite of silicate rocks grouped into: a clinopyroxenite body, a central syenite facies with a large breccia zone at the contact with the clinopyroxenite, bodies of malignite, trachyte and syenite porphyry necks, and a system of radial and annular dikes of different compositions. Its subcircular geometry and dike system distribution are frequent features of intraplate plutons or plutons emplaced in post-orogenic settings. These morphostructural features characterize numerous alkaline complexes worldwide and denote the importance of magmatic pressures that cause doming with radial and annular fracturing, in a brittle country rock. However, in the LPC, the attitude of the internal fabric of plutonic and subvolcanic units and the preferential layout of dikes match the NW–SE extensional fractures widely distributed in the host rock. This feature indicates a strong tectonic control linked to the structure that facilitate space for emplacement, corresponding to the brittle shear zone parallel to the N–S stratigraphy of the country rock. Shearing produced a system of discontinuities, with a K fractal fracture pattern, given by the combination of Riedel (R), anti-Riedel (R′), (P) and extensional (T) fracture systems, responsible for the control of melt migration by the opening of various fracture branches, but particularly through the NW–SE (T) fractures. Five different pulses would have ascent, (1) an initial one from which cumulate clinopyroxenite was formed, (2) a phase of mafic composition represented by dikes cross-cutting the clinopyroxenite, (3) a malignite facies that causes a small breccia in the clinopyroxenite, (4) a central syenite facies that develops breccias at the contact with the clinopyroxenite and, finally, (5) porphyry necks and a system of radial dikes intruding all units. At the moment of the emplacement different mechanisms would have acted, they summarized in: 1) opening of discontinuities synchronous to the magma circulation as the principal mechanism for formation of dikes and conduits; 2) stoping processes, that play an important role in the development of the breccia zone and enabling an efficient transference of material during the emplacement of the syenitic magma and 3) shear-related deformation (regional stress), affected the internal fabric of the facies, causing intracrystalline deformation and submagmatic flow, which is very evident in the central syenite intrusive. The kinematic analysis of shear planes allows proposing that emplacement of the LPC took place in a transtensive regime, which would have occurred in the back-arc of the Andes orogen, during a long period spanning from Miocene to the present, of the compressive deformation responsible, westward and at the same latitude, for the development of the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt. 相似文献
13.
The new tribe Mediumiugamiini (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) is described based on Mediumiuga sinespinis gen. et sp. nov. It is a fossil beetle from Albian (Early Cretaceous) amber from the Peñacerrada I outcrop (Spain). It is the first Spanish beetle described in amber. The mesotibiae and mesotarsi bearing multiple dorsal–lateral ridges, running oblique, metatibiae without any dorsal or dorsal–lateral ridge, only showing a subapical ridge, and metatibiae without apical spurs, define the new tribe. A key for worldwide tribes of Mordellinae, including Mediumiugamiini, is provided. Evolution of some characters of Mordellidae along Cretaceous is discussed. 相似文献
14.
The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage. 相似文献
15.
The Carneal plug, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, is a Tertiarydolerite intrusion, 150 m in diameter, which incorporates blocks(up to several metres across) of the underlying Cretaceous Chalkand the flints originally contained in the Chalk. It is oneof the rare natural occurrences showing reaction between basalticmagma and limestone under conditions of very high temperatureand low pressure. The pressure was controlled by lithostaticload at about 0.2 kb; the upper temperature limit for the progradereactions was close to the liquidus temperature of basalticmagma around 1100 °C and retrograde reactions with secondaryhydrous fluids have produced a series of hydrated calc-silicatesover the temperature range 700 °C to less than 100 °C.The rocks form complex assemblages with two complementary suitesof rocks developed by the metamorphic and metasomatic reactions.An exomorphic suite, derived mainly from the chalk, consistsof assemblages of larnite, spurrite, bredigite, merwinite, melilite(gehlenite), calcite, or spinel; and wollastonite, melilite,hibschite and quartz derived from flint. The endomorphic suiteis derived by desilication reactions between the basic magmaand the incorporated chalk and flint. The minerals are thoseof the dolerite, together with fayalitic olivine, sahlite, nepheline,aegirine, wollastonite, melilite (humboldtilite), merwinite,scawtite, and hydrogrossular. Retrograde processes provide afurther range of scarce to rare mineral suites. The Carnealplug thus provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the applicationof strontium isotope-ratio measurements to crustal contaminationof basic magmas, since the three rock end-members dolerite,chalk, and flint, are readily identifiable and relatively homogeneous,and the conditions of the formation of the resulting metamorphicand metasomatic rocks are well understood. Although the petrology, albeit complicated, is well established,few geochemical and no isotopic studies have hitherto been made.Major- and trace-element data for a total of twenty-one whole-rocksamples (thirteen new analyses from the plug) are now reported.Strontium isotope ratios for these samples (with two mineralseparates), forty-two samples of Cretaceous Chalk and five samplesof unmetamorphosed flints from other localities or regions arealso presented and discussed. Strontium isotope ratios are alsogiven for pore-water from the Chalk, and drill-stem test watersamples from Irish Triassic strata. The main conclusions which may be drawn are as follows: The petrological identity of the two complementary suites ofmineral assemblages is reflected by the new geochemical data.Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios presented for the end-members, chalk,flint, and dolerite show that the initial ratios in the metamorphicassemblages cannot be produced by simple mixtures of these end-members. A major component of the strontium budget in the metamorphicassemblages in the Carneal plug appears to have been transportedinto the plug probably in a secondary, low-temperature fluidphase containing Sr with higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Strontiumand thus probably calcium were mobile on a relatively largescale during the prograde metamorphism as well as during theretrograde stages. Metasomatism was an important process during metamorphism andmany elements were mobile on the relatively small scale of thehand specimens. The new studies show for example that the exomorphicassemblages have contents of Mg, Ni, and Cu which were mostprobably derived from the enclosing dolerite magma. The contentsof major elements in many of the assemblages differ from concentrationsto be expected as a result of simple mixtures of the three end-membersbut may be explained in terms of phase equilibria during contamination. The new high precision 87Sr/86Sr ratios determined for Chalksamples of known stratigraphic position suggest that there maybe sufficient variation between stratigraphical Stages to usesuch measurements as a method of correlating or dating Mesozoicand Cenozoic limestones. 相似文献
16.
Here we describe an isolated tooth of a metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Hybla Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Rocca Chi Parra quarry (Montagna Grande, Calatafimi, Trapani Province), Sicily, Italy. The specimen shares with the Upper Jurassic taxon Plesiosuchus manselii a mediolaterally compressed conical tooth crown, noticeable lingual curvature, mesial and distal carinae with microscopic, rectangular contiguous denticles, strong distal curvature of the mesial margin, and the presence of weak 'carinal flanges' on the labial and lingual surfaces (which are preeminent at the mid-crown). This suite of morphologies is also present in an unnamed Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous) plesiosuchinan from France. However, the Sicilian tooth differs from these taxa in having more pronounced carinae, and faint apicobasally aligned enamel ridges. It also differs from P. manselii in having more extensive 'carinal flanges' on the labial surface. The specimen extends the known geological range of Metriorhynchidae and Thalattosuchia by approximately 7–8 million years. This overturns previous hypotheses of Metriorhynchidae becoming extinct early in the Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
17.
本文首先推导出了已知航磁垂直梯度（或者水平梯度）计算总场异常、水平梯度（或者垂直梯度）、总梯度矢量（G→）、方向梯度Gl和梯度张量g的公式。并对其中的转换公式进行了理论模型验证,检验结果证明了它们的正确性。其次,对与其有关的几个重要问题进行了详细讨论,并得出了有意义的结论。 相似文献
18.
Tyrannosaurs and hadrosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America (Appalachia) are distinct from those found in western North America (Laramidia), suggesting that eastern North America was isolated during the Late Cretaceous. However, the Late Cretaceous fauna of Appalachia remains poorly known. Here, a partial maxilla from the Campanian Tar Heel Formation (Black Creek Group) of North Carolina is shown to represent the first ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America. The specimen has short alveolar slots, a ventrally projected toothrow, a long dentigerous process overlapped by the ectopterygoid, and a toothrow that curves laterally, a combination of characters unique to the Leptoceratopsidae. The maxilla has a uniquely long, slender and downcurved posterior dentigerous process, suggesting a specialized feeding strategy. The presence of a highly specialized ceratopsian in eastern North America supports the hypothesis that Appalachia underwent an extended period of isolation during the Late Cretaceous, leading the evolution of a distinct dinosaur fauna dominated by basal tyrannosauroids, basal hadrosaurs, ornithimimosaurs, nodosaurs, and leptoceratopsids. Appalachian vertebrate communities are most similar to those of Laramidia. However some taxa-including leptoceratopsids-are also shared with western Europe, raising the possibility of a Late Cretaceous dispersal route connecting Appalachia and Europe. 相似文献
19.
The latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas of the wider Transylvanian area figured prominently in discussions concerning the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary (K-Pg) events when they were first described by Nopcsa between 1897 and 1929, because they were assumed to be late Maastrichtian in age. Subsequently their age was reconsidered as early Maastrichtian, and were thus regarded of lesser importance in understanding the K-Pg boundary events in Europe and worldwide. Moreover, Transylvanian continental vertebrate assemblages (the so-called ‘Haţeg Island’ faunas) were often lumped together as a temporally restricted assemblage with a homogenous taxonomic composition. Recent fossil discoveries and more precise dating techniques have considerably expanded knowledge of the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, their ages, and their evolution. A synthesis of the available stratigraphic data allows development of the first comprehensive chronostratigraphic framework of the latest Cretaceous Transylvanian vertebrates. According to these new data, expansion of continental habitats and emergence of their vertebrate faunas started locally during the latter part of the late Campanian, and these faunas continued up to the second half of the Maastrichtian. During this time, long-term faunal stasis appears to have characterized the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, which is different from the striking turnovers recorded in western Europe during the same time interval. This suggests that there was no single ‘Europe-wide’ pattern of latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate evolution. Together, the available data shows that dinosaurs and other vertebrates were relatively abundant and diverse until at least ca. 1 million years before the K-Pg boundary, and is therefore consistent with the hypothesis of a sudden extinction, although this must be tested with future discoveries and better age constraints and correlations. 相似文献